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3 treatment settings, 2 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Maximal safe resection followed by an intensive multimodal protocol: ACNS0333-style induction, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue, and age-adapted focal radiotherapy; or the EU-RHAB regimen with intraventricular methotrexate. Enrolment in SIOPE ATRT01 or a COG successor where available.
Autologous stem cell transplant collects the patient's own blood-forming stem cells, gives melphalan or another chemotherapy at a dose that would otherwise destroy the marrow, then returns the cells to rebuild it. It is standard consolidation in myeloma and for relapsed lymphoma, though CAR-T has displaced it in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma.
The 1948 antifolate that produced the first chemotherapy remissions in childhood leukaemia and the first cure of a solid tumour; still essential in ALL, lymphoma, osteosarcoma and CNS lymphoma.
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating chemotherapy that damages DNA in dividing cells. It is part of CHOP for lymphoma, AC for breast cancer and VAC for childhood sarcomas, clears lymphocytes before CAR-T and prevents graft-versus-host disease after transplant; bladder bleeding, infertility and secondary leukaemia are its harms.
Cisplatin is the original platinum chemotherapy, discovered by accident in 1965; it cures testicular cancer and makes radiation work better in cervical and head and neck cancer.
Carboplatin is a platinum chemotherapy that crosslinks DNA; it is part of the standard pre-surgery regimen for triple-negative breast cancer.
A plant-derived chemotherapy from the Madagascar periwinkle that has been in almost every childhood leukaemia and lymphoma regimen since the 1960s.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
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Genetic counselling and testing of parents and siblings; surveillance imaging for synchronous or second rhabdoid tumours in the kidney and soft tissue.
A test of the DNA you were born with, to find inherited risk genes such as BRCA or Lynch syndrome.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
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Aurora kinase A inhibition and re-irradiation where feasible, with enrolment in a relapse trial the preferred route; EZH2 inhibition with tazemetostat was used in trials and on compassionate grounds until the drug was withdrawn from all markets in March 2026. No regimen is standard at relapse, and symptom and supportive care run alongside from the start.
Tazemetostat was the first EZH2 inhibitor, approved for epithelioid sarcoma and follicular lymphoma in 2020 and withdrawn worldwide in 2026 after secondary blood cancers.
Specialist care for symptoms, decision-making and quality of life given alongside cancer treatment from diagnosis, not just at the end. Trials show it improves quality of life and mood and may lengthen survival.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.