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4 treatment settings, 4 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Start all-trans retinoic acid on morphological suspicion; transfuse platelets and fibrinogen to targets; avoid invasive procedures until coagulopathy is controlled.
The vitamin-A derivative that made acute promyelocytic leukaemia the first cancer cured by differentiation therapy rather than by killing cells.
Red cell and platelet transfusions, iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents keep patients safe through chemotherapy and marrow failure; restrictive thresholds and ESA caution reflect trials showing more is not better.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
All-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide induction and consolidation without chemotherapy (APL0406); dexamethasone prophylaxis or treatment for differentiation syndrome.
The vitamin-A derivative that made acute promyelocytic leukaemia the first cancer cured by differentiation therapy rather than by killing cells.
An ancient poison turned cure: with retinoic acid it cures more than 95% of acute promyelocytic leukaemia without conventional chemotherapy.
Dexamethasone is a long-acting glucocorticoid steroid that kills lymphoid cancer cells directly, which is why it sits in nearly every myeloma regimen and in childhood leukaemia and lymphoma protocols. It is also the standard drug for preventing chemotherapy sickness and for brain swelling and spinal cord compression; high blood sugar, insomnia, muscle wasting and infection follow prolonged use.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
All-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide with idarubicin or gemtuzumab ozogamicin added during induction to control the white count.
The vitamin-A derivative that made acute promyelocytic leukaemia the first cancer cured by differentiation therapy rather than by killing cells.
An ancient poison turned cure: with retinoic acid it cures more than 95% of acute promyelocytic leukaemia without conventional chemotherapy.
Idarubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy approved in 1990 for adult acute myeloid leukaemia, given with cytarabine in 3+7 induction and FLAG-Ida salvage and in acute promyelocytic leukaemia protocols. Randomised trials showed more complete remissions than with daunorubicin, which is why centres prefer it; heart damage, marrow suppression and extravasation injury are the class risks.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) is an anti-CD33 antibody linked to the DNA-cutting payload calicheamicin, the first ADC approved, in 2000 for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. An unstable linker and no benefit in a confirmatory trial led to withdrawal in 2010; it returned in 2017 at a lower fractionated dose, with liver toxicity, including veno-occlusive disease, its defining risk.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Arsenic-based salvage to molecular remission, then autologous transplant if PML::RARA negative, allogeneic transplant if not.
An ancient poison turned cure: with retinoic acid it cures more than 95% of acute promyelocytic leukaemia without conventional chemotherapy.
Autologous stem cell transplant collects the patient's own blood-forming stem cells, gives melphalan or another chemotherapy at a dose that would otherwise destroy the marrow, then returns the cells to rebuild it. It is standard consolidation in myeloma and for relapsed lymphoma, though CAR-T has displaced it in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation replaces a patient's blood system with a donor's after conditioning chemotherapy, so donor immune cells hunt down leukaemia left behind. It remains the only cure for adverse-risk acute myeloid leukaemia, high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and Richter transformation, at the price of graft-versus-host disease.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.