[{"id":"aberdeen-royal-infirmary","name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary","tldr":"A surgical centre for NHS Scotland North, serving Grampian and the islands; a Precision-Panc and ginisortamab trial site.","route":"/institutions/aberdeen-royal-infirmary/","kind":"institution","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=nhsgrampian.org&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Aberdeen · Aberdeen, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"addenbrookes-cambridge","name":"Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals","tldr":"The East of England's HPB specialist centre, with liver transplantation; a BILCAP site and a site of the UK biliary microbiome study.","route":"/institutions/addenbrookes-cambridge/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/addenbrookes-cambridge.png","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Cambridge · Cambridge, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma","Triple-negative breast cancer","Skin cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"rejuv-access-survivorship-care-uk","name":"After treatment in the UK: personalised care, and follow-up you lead yourself","tldr":"In England the offer has four named parts: an assessment of what you need and a plan written with you, information and support about living well, a summary of your treatment sent to you and your GP, and a review with your GP. Follow-up is increasingly not a routine clinic appointment but a pathway you manage yourself, with tests at set intervals and a route back in.","route":"/technologies/rejuv-access-survivorship-care-uk/","status":"standard-of-care","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"rejuv-access-survivorship-care-uk","sections":["rejuvenation","supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Prostate cancer","Colorectal cancer","Non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."}],"tags":[{"label":"rejuvenation","href":"/tagged/rejuvenation/","tip":"Every record tagged rejuvenation."},{"label":"survivorship","href":"/tagged/survivorship/","tip":"Every record tagged survivorship."},{"label":"measurement","href":"/tagged/measurement/","tip":"Every record tagged measurement."},{"label":"access","href":"/tagged/access/","tip":"Every record tagged access."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"agex","name":"AgeX","tldr":"The largest randomised trial ever run inside a screening programme: nearly four million women cluster-randomised to an extra mammogram below 50 or above 70, and the reason the programme's age range has not moved.","route":"/trials/agex/","status":"mixed","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"breast-cancer","sub":"ISRCTN33292440","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2020"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2020"},"tags":[{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2020}},{"id":"alastair-greystoke","name":"Alastair Greystoke","tldr":"The Newcastle oncologist who led the NHS England pilot that put a blood test for lung cancer mutations into the diagnostic pathway, and who co-leads the CONCORDE radiotherapy platform.","route":"/people/alastair-greystoke/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Precision Oncology, Newcastle University; Consultant Medical Oncologist, Northern Centre for Cancer Care; Clinical Director for Cancer, North East and Yorkshire Genomic Medicine Service · Newcastle Cancer Centre / Northern Centre for Cancer Care","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."},{"label":"genomics","href":"/tagged/genomics/","tip":"Every record tagged genomics."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ammf","name":"AMMF, the Cholangiocarcinoma Charity","tldr":"The UK's only charity dedicated to cholangiocarcinoma and the other biliary tract cancers: patient information, a list of UK centres with expertise, research grants, an annual conference and a nurse study day.","route":"/institutions/ammf/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/ammf.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Stansted, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"biliary","href":"/tagged/biliary/","tip":"Every record tagged biliary."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"andrew-biankin","name":"Andrew Biankin","tldr":"The Glasgow surgeon-scientist who mapped the genomic subtypes of pancreatic cancer and built Precision-Panc, the UK programme that profiled tumours to route patients into the PRIMUS trials.","route":"/people/andrew-biankin/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Regius Professor of Surgery, University of Glasgow; Executive Director, ICGC-ARGO · Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."},{"label":"genomics","href":"/tagged/genomics/","tip":"Every record tagged genomics."},{"label":"surgeon","href":"/tagged/surgeon/","tip":"Every record tagged surgeon."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"anne-armstrong","name":"Anne Armstrong","tldr":"Medical oncologist who co-chairs the breast disease group at The Christie, the Manchester cancer centre that is a site of the PHOENIX, PARTNER and ASCENT-05 trials for triple-negative disease.","route":"/people/anne-armstrong/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Consultant in Medical Oncology and Honorary Senior Lecturer, The Christie; Co-Chair of the Breast Disease Group · The Christie NHS Foundation Trust","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. 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About 95 per cent come from B cells and the rest from T or NK cells; some grow over years and are watched, others grow over weeks and are treated to cure. The family is the map; the subtype is the disease, and the subtype is what decides the treatment."},{"label":"Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."},{"label":"Follicular lymphoma","href":"/cancers/follicular-lymphoma/","tip":"Follicular lymphoma is the most common slow-growing lymphoma, defined in about 85% of cases by a BCL2 translocation. Most people live with it for decades, treated only when it causes problems; it can be controlled repeatedly with anti-CD20 antibodies, chemotherapy, bispecifics or CAR-T but rarely cured, and a small share transform into an aggressive lymphoma each year."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"transplant","href":"/tagged/transplant/","tip":"Every record tagged transplant."},{"label":"stem-cell","href":"/tagged/stem-cell/","tip":"Every record tagged stem-cell."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"belfast-trust-hpb","name":"Belfast Health and Social Care Trust HPB service","tldr":"Northern Ireland's single HPB cancer service, within the Belfast Trust; systemic treatment at the Northern Ireland Cancer Centre.","route":"/institutions/belfast-trust-hpb/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/belfast-trust-hpb.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Queen's University Belfast · Belfast, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"big-lung-trial","name":"Big Lung Trial","tldr":"The British trial that asked, without enthusiasm or spin, what chemotherapy is actually worth in lung cancer, and found it worth nine weeks in advanced disease and nothing at all after surgery or radiotherapy.","route":"/trials/big-lung-trial/","status":"mixed","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":["2004"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2004"},"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"pragmatic-trial","href":"/tagged/pragmatic-trial/","tip":"Every record tagged pragmatic-trial."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2004}},{"id":"bill-greenhalf","name":"Bill Greenhalf","tldr":"Liverpool molecular scientist behind the EUROPAC registry's laboratory work and the biomarker analyses of the ESPAC trial samples.","route":"/people/bill-greenhalf/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Reader, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool · Liverpool University Hospitals HPB centre (Aintree)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."},{"label":"biomarkers","href":"/tagged/biomarkers/","tip":"Every record tagged biomarkers."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"blood-cancer-uk","name":"Blood Cancer UK","tldr":"The UK's blood cancer research charity and support line, covering lymphoma alongside leukaemia and myeloma.","route":"/institutions/blood-cancer-uk/","kind":"institution","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=bloodcancer.org.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Non-Hodgkin lymphoma","Hodgkin lymphoma","Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","Follicular lymphoma","Mantle cell lymphoma","Marginal zone lymphoma","Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","Burkitt lymphoma","Primary CNS lymphoma","Peripheral T-cell lymphomas","Waldenström macroglobulinaemia","Acute myeloid leukaemia","Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","Multiple myeloma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not one disease but a family of more than sixty cancers of the lymphocytes, the white blood cells of the immune system. About 95 per cent come from B cells and the rest from T or NK cells; some grow over years and are watched, others grow over weeks and are treated to cure. The family is the map; the subtype is the disease, and the subtype is what decides the treatment."},{"label":"Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."},{"label":"Follicular lymphoma","href":"/cancers/follicular-lymphoma/","tip":"Follicular lymphoma is the most common slow-growing lymphoma, defined in about 85% of cases by a BCL2 translocation. Most people live with it for decades, treated only when it causes problems; it can be controlled repeatedly with anti-CD20 antibodies, chemotherapy, bispecifics or CAR-T but rarely cured, and a small share transform into an aggressive lymphoma each year."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"blood-cancer","href":"/tagged/blood-cancer/","tip":"Every record tagged blood-cancer."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"bowel-cancer-uk","name":"Bowel Cancer UK","tldr":"The UK's bowel cancer charity: information and an email service answered by colorectal nurses, the Never Too Young campaign for younger patients, and the policy work that pushes the NHS on screening, Lynch syndrome testing and emergency diagnosis.","route":"/institutions/bowel-cancer-uk/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/bowel-cancer-uk.png","avatar":"org","sub":"London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer","Early-onset colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."},{"label":"Early-onset colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/early-onset-colorectal/","tip":"Bowel cancer is rising in people under 50, for reasons that are still not understood, and it is usually found late because neither patients nor doctors expect it. Treatment is the same as in older adults and works as well stage for stage; the changes are earlier screening, genetic testing for everyone diagnosed young, and attention to fertility, work and family."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"bowel-research-uk","name":"Bowel Research UK","tldr":"The UK medical research charity for bowel disease: small proof-of-concept grants and PhDs in bowel cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, with patients on its review panels.","route":"/institutions/bowel-research-uk/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/bowel-research-uk.png","avatar":"org","sub":"London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"research-funding","href":"/tagged/research-funding/","tip":"Every record tagged research-funding."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"breast-cancer-now","name":"Breast Cancer Now","tldr":"The UK's breast cancer research and support charity: a free nurse helpline, the Someone Like Me peer service, Moving Forward courses, an online forum and patient information on triple-negative disease, alongside funding of the Toby Robins Research Centre at the ICR.","route":"/institutions/breast-cancer-now/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/breast-cancer-now.png","avatar":"org","sub":"London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"british-association-of-dermatologists","name":"British Association of Dermatologists","tldr":"The professional body that writes the UK's skin cancer service standards and, because these cancers have almost no charity of their own, also writes most of the patient information a person with a basal cell carcinoma will be handed.","route":"/institutions/british-association-of-dermatologists/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/british-association-of-dermatologists.png","avatar":"org","sub":"London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Skin cancer","Basal cell carcinoma","Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery."},{"label":"Basal cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/basal-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer and the most common cancer of all, caused by sun exposure and almost never life-threatening. Nearly all are removed surgically; the rare advanced cases are treated with drugs that block the hedgehog signalling pathway, and with immunotherapy if those fail."},{"label":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/cutaneous-scc/","tip":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it."}],"tags":[{"label":"professional-body","href":"/tagged/professional-body/","tip":"Every record tagged professional-body."},{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."},{"label":"standards","href":"/tagged/standards/","tip":"Every record tagged standards."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"bccss","name":"British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS)","tldr":"Britain's own survivor cohort, built on national registration rather than on hospital volunteers, which is why it can follow people for half a century and count deaths that nobody reported. Its central finding is that what kills survivors changes with time: recurrence early, second cancers and heart disease late.","route":"/collections/bccss/","kind":"collection","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=research.birmingham.ac.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, University of Birmingham","facets":{"kind":["Collection"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Collection","tip":"The open databases and registries the field runs on."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"rejuvenation","href":"/tagged/rejuvenation/","tip":"Every record tagged rejuvenation."},{"label":"survivorship","href":"/tagged/survivorship/","tip":"Every record tagged survivorship."},{"label":"paediatric","href":"/tagged/paediatric/","tip":"Every record tagged paediatric."},{"label":"late-effects","href":"/tagged/late-effects/","tip":"Every record tagged late-effects."},{"label":"cohort","href":"/tagged/cohort/","tip":"Every record tagged cohort."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"cancer-drugs-fund","name":"Cancer Drugs Fund (England)","tldr":"An NHS England fund that pays for promising cancer drugs while more evidence is collected, born in 2010 as a political fix for drugs NICE had refused and rebuilt in 2016 into a time-limited managed access scheme with a fixed budget.","route":"/terms/cancer-drugs-fund/","kind":"term","term":{"category":"Regulation & policy"},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"law","href":"/tagged/law/","tip":"Every record tagged law."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"caroline-moore","name":"Caroline Moore","tldr":"The UCL urologist who has spent her career on the two questions that decide whether a man with prostate cancer is harmed by being diagnosed: who needs a biopsy, and who needs treating at all.","route":"/people/caroline-moore/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Urology and Head of Urology, Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London; Honorary Consultant Urologist, University College London Hospitals · University College London Hospitals / UCL Cancer Institute","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-low-risk/","tip":"Low-risk prostate cancer is Grade Group 1 disease confined to the gland with a PSA under 10. It grows so slowly that watching it closely is the recommended first choice, and most men who choose surveillance never need treatment."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-intermediate-risk/","tip":"Intermediate-risk prostate cancer has Grade Group 2 or 3 disease, a PSA between 10 and 20 or a tumour that fills more of the gland. Surgery or radiotherapy cure most men; the favourable half can sometimes be watched, and the unfavourable half is given a few months of hormone therapy with radiotherapy."}],"tags":[{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."},{"label":"diagnostics","href":"/tagged/diagnostics/","tip":"Every record tagged diagnostics."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hull-castle-hill","name":"Castle Hill Hospital, Hull (Queen's Centre)","tldr":"The HPB specialist centre for Hull and East Yorkshire, one of the 23 English surgical hubs in the National Pancreatic Cancer Audit and a Precision-Panc site.","route":"/institutions/hull-castle-hill/","kind":"institution","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=hull.nhs.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"Cottingham, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"chart-lung","name":"CHART","tldr":"A British radiotherapy schedule, invented at Mount Vernon, that squeezed a six-week course into twelve days and cut the risk of death by about a quarter.","route":"/trials/chart-lung/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer","Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung"],"year":["1997"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung","href":"/cancers/lung-squamous-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of lung cancer and the one most tightly linked to smoking; it starts in the flat cells lining the large central airways. Unlike adenocarcinoma it rarely carries a mutation a tablet can target, so treatment rests on chemotherapy with immunotherapy, and pemetrexed and bevacizumab are not used."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1997"},"tags":[{"label":"radiotherapy","href":"/tagged/radiotherapy/","tip":"Every record tagged radiotherapy."},{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":1997}},{"id":"chris-halloran","name":"Chris Halloran","tldr":"Liverpool pancreatic surgeon who leads EUROPAC, the UK registry and surveillance programme for families with inherited pancreatic cancer risk and hereditary pancreatitis.","route":"/people/chris-halloran/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Pancreatic Surgery, University of Liverpool; Clinical Lead, EUROPAC · Liverpool University Hospitals HPB centre (Aintree)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."},{"label":"surgeon","href":"/tagged/surgeon/","tip":"Every record tagged surgeon."},{"label":"surveillance","href":"/tagged/surveillance/","tip":"Every record tagged surveillance."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"claire-harrison","name":"Claire Harrison","tldr":"Led COMFORT-II, which established ruxolitinib as the first drug for myelofibrosis, and most UK MPN trials since.","route":"/people/claire-harrison/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Clinical Director of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust · Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust / King's Health Partners Cancer Centre","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Myeloproliferative neoplasms"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms","href":"/cancers/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/","tip":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms are slow-growing blood cancers in which the marrow overproduces red cells (polycythaemia vera), platelets (essential thrombocythaemia) or scar tissue (myelofibrosis). Almost all carry a mutation in JAK2, CALR or MPL; treatment aims to prevent clots and control symptoms, and only transplant cures myelofibrosis."}],"tags":[{"label":"mpn","href":"/tagged/mpn/","tip":"Every record tagged mpn."},{"label":"jak-inhibitor","href":"/tagged/jak-inhibitor/","tip":"Every record tagged jak-inhibitor."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"daniel-palmer","name":"Daniel Palmer","tldr":"Liverpool medical oncologist, second author of ESPAC-4 and co-lead of ESPAC5, who directs the Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and leads the national GIRFT review of pancreatic cancer services.","route":"/people/daniel-palmer/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Medical Oncology, University of Liverpool; Director, CRUK and NIHR Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre; GIRFT joint clinical lead for pancreatic cancer · Liverpool University Hospitals HPB centre (Aintree)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma","Biliary tract cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."}],"tags":[{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."},{"label":"girft","href":"/tagged/girft/","tip":"Every record tagged girft."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"david-baldwin","name":"David Baldwin","tldr":"The Nottingham chest physician who chairs the UK clinical expert group for lung cancer and advises the National Screening Committee: the person whose job it is to turn the screening evidence into an NHS service.","route":"/people/david-baldwin/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Consultant Respiratory Physician, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Honorary Professor of Medicine, University of Nottingham; Lead Clinician for Lung Cancer, NHS England · Nottingham University Hospitals Cancer Centre (City Hospital)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."},{"label":"policy","href":"/tagged/policy/","tip":"Every record tagged policy."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"david-sebag-montefiore","name":"David Sebag-Montefiore","tldr":"The Leeds clinical oncologist who led CR07, the trial that made short-course radiotherapy before surgery the standard for rectal cancer, and who now works on preserving the rectum instead of removing it.","route":"/people/david-sebag-montefiore/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Clinical Oncology (Audrey and Stanley Burton Chair), University of Leeds; Clinical Director, Leeds Clinical Trials Research Unit · Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."}],"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."},{"label":"radiotherapy","href":"/tagged/radiotherapy/","tip":"Every record tagged radiotherapy."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"dean-fennell","name":"Dean A. Fennell","tldr":"Led CONFIRM and MARS 2, which showed nivolumab helps relapsed mesothelioma and that radical surgery does not.","route":"/people/dean-fennell/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Thoracic Medical Oncology, University of Leicester · Leicester Cancer Research Centre / University Hospitals of Leicester","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Mesothelioma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Mesothelioma","href":"/cancers/mesothelioma/","tip":"An asbestos-caused cancer of the lung lining. Immunotherapy doublets replaced chemotherapy in 2020, and mesothelin CAR-T is under study."}],"tags":[{"label":"mesothelioma","href":"/tagged/mesothelioma/","tip":"Every record tagged mesothelioma."},{"label":"immunotherapy","href":"/tagged/immunotherapy/","tip":"Every record tagged immunotherapy."},{"label":"surgery","href":"/tagged/surgery/","tip":"Every record tagged surgery."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"derriford-plymouth","name":"Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth","tldr":"The HPB specialist centre for the South West Peninsula (Devon, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly); a BILCAP site.","route":"/institutions/derriford-plymouth/","kind":"institution","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"Plymouth, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"dion-morton","name":"Dion Morton","tldr":"The Birmingham surgeon who chairs FOxTROT and runs the surgical trials programme that tests how bowel cancer operations are done, not just which drugs come with them.","route":"/people/dion-morton/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Barling Professor of Surgery, University of Birmingham · University Hospitals Birmingham / University of Birmingham Cancer Research Centre","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."}],"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"surgeon","href":"/tagged/surgeon/","tip":"Every record tagged surgeon."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ellen-copson","name":"Ellen Copson","tldr":"First author of POSH, the UK prospective cohort of young-onset breast cancer that showed germline BRCA carriers did no worse than non-carriers, and the ones with triple-negative disease did better in the first two years.","route":"/people/ellen-copson/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Medical Oncology, University of Southampton; Consultant Medical Oncologist (breast), University Hospital Southampton · University Hospital Southampton / Centre for Cancer Immunology","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"tags":[{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"oncogenetics","href":"/tagged/oncogenetics/","tip":"Every record tagged oncogenetics."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"europac","name":"EUROPAC","tldr":"The UK's registry and screening programme for families with inherited pancreatic cancer risk, run from Liverpool since 2000; its 2026 outcomes paper shows risk-stratified surveillance finds four times more actionable lesions.","route":"/trials/europac/","status":"recruiting","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"pancreatic","sub":"ISRCTN62546421","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and other pancreatic cystic precursors"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and other pancreatic cystic precursors","href":"/cancers/ipmn-cystic-precursors/","tip":"Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms are fluid-filled growths in the pancreatic ducts that make mucus and can slowly turn into pancreatic cancer, one of the few chances to catch pancreatic cancer before it starts. Most are watched with scans for years, and surgery is reserved for the ones with warning signs such as a widened main duct, a solid nodule inside the cyst or jaundice."}],"tags":[{"label":"surveillance","href":"/tagged/surveillance/","tip":"Every record tagged surveillance."},{"label":"familial","href":"/tagged/familial/","tip":"Every record tagged familial."},{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"foxtrot","name":"FOxTROT","tldr":"The UK trial that showed giving some chemotherapy before the operation for colon cancer shrinks the tumour, leaves cleaner margins and cuts the chance of the cancer coming back.","route":"/trials/foxtrot/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN83842641","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Colon cancer"],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Colon cancer","href":"/cancers/colon-cancer/","tip":"Colon cancer is bowel cancer arising in the large bowel above the rectum. It shares its biology with colorectal cancer but is treated differently from rectal cancer: surgery comes first without radiotherapy, chemotherapy afterwards is decided by stage and increasingly by a blood test for leftover tumour DNA, and the side the tumour started on changes which drugs work once it has spread."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[{"label":"neoadjuvant","href":"/tagged/neoadjuvant/","tip":"Every record tagged neoadjuvant."},{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"platform","href":"/tagged/platform/","tip":"Every record tagged platform."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"gary-middleton","name":"Gary Middleton","tldr":"The Birmingham oncologist who ran the National Lung Matrix Trial, the largest umbrella trial in lung cancer, and published the honest answer: most drug-biomarker pairs did not work.","route":"/people/gary-middleton/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Medical Oncology, University of Birmingham; Honorary Consultant Oncologist, University Hospitals Birmingham; Director of the Birmingham Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre · University Hospitals Birmingham / University of Birmingham Cancer Research Centre","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer","KRAS G12C-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"KRAS G12C-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/kras-g12c-nsclc/","tip":"KRAS G12C lung cancer carries a mutation that was thought impossible to drug for forty years. Sotorasib and adagrasib now shrink about four in ten tumours after chemotherapy and immunotherapy, though the benefit is measured in months, and newer inhibitors and first-line combinations with immunotherapy are in trials."}],"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"glasgow-royal-infirmary","name":"Glasgow Royal Infirmary","tldr":"The HPB surgical centre for the West of Scotland Cancer Network; chemotherapy and immunotherapy are given at the Beatson.","route":"/institutions/glasgow-royal-infirmary/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/glasgow-royal-infirmary.png","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Glasgow · Glasgow, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"graham-jackson","name":"Graham H. Jackson","tldr":"Led Myeloma XI, the 4,000-patient UK trial that proved lenalidomide maintenance extends survival after transplant.","route":"/people/graham-jackson/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Clinical Haematology, Newcastle University; Consultant, Freeman Hospital · Newcastle Cancer Centre / Northern Centre for Cancer Care","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Multiple myeloma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Multiple myeloma","href":"/cancers/multiple-myeloma/","tip":"Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell cancer with more new drug classes than any other: proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, CD38 antibodies, BCMA CAR-T, bispecifics, and an ADC."}],"tags":[{"label":"myeloma","href":"/tagged/myeloma/","tip":"Every record tagged myeloma."},{"label":"maintenance","href":"/tagged/maintenance/","tip":"Every record tagged maintenance."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hassan-malik","name":"Hassan Malik","tldr":"Liver surgeon at Aintree who co-wrote the BSG cholangiocarcinoma guideline and is a co-author of the UK-wide CAPBIL studies of gallbladder cancer surgery; a past president of the British Association of Surgical Oncology.","route":"/people/hassan-malik/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Consultant Hepatobiliary Surgeon and Clinical Lead for Digestive Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals (Aintree); Associate Professor, University of Liverpool · Liverpool University Hospitals HPB centre (Aintree)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","href":"/cancers/hcc/","tip":"Liver cancer almost always grows in a liver already damaged by hepatitis, alcohol or fatty liver disease. It is one of the most preventable cancers, and since 2020 immunotherapy combinations have roughly doubled how long people with advanced disease live."}],"tags":[{"label":"biliary","href":"/tagged/biliary/","tip":"Every record tagged biliary."},{"label":"surgeon","href":"/tagged/surgeon/","tip":"Every record tagged surgeon."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hisham-mehanna","name":"Hisham Mehanna","tldr":"Surgeon who led De-ESCALaTE and PET-NECK, two trials that changed how HPV-positive throat cancer is treated and followed up.","route":"/people/hisham-mehanna/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Head and Neck Surgery and Director, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham · University Hospitals Birmingham / University of Birmingham Cancer Research Centre","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/head-and-neck/","tip":"Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery."}],"tags":[{"label":"head-and-neck","href":"/tagged/head-and-neck/","tip":"Every record tagged head-and-neck."},{"label":"surgery","href":"/tagged/surgery/","tip":"Every record tagged surgery."},{"label":"de-escalation","href":"/tagged/de-escalation/","tip":"Every record tagged de-escalation."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"hywel-williams","name":"Hywel Williams","tldr":"The Nottingham epidemiologist who founded British evidence-based dermatology and ran the trial that answered whether a cream can replace surgery for the commonest cancer there is.","route":"/people/hywel-williams/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Dermato-Epidemiology and Co-Director of the Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Basal cell carcinoma","Skin cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Basal cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/basal-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer and the most common cancer of all, caused by sun exposure and almost never life-threatening. Nearly all are removed surgically; the rare advanced cases are treated with drugs that block the hedgehog signalling pathway, and with immunotherapy if those fail."},{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery."}],"tags":[{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."},{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."},{"label":"dermatology","href":"/tagged/dermatology/","tip":"Every record tagged dermatology."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ian-chau","name":"Ian Chau","tldr":"A Royal Marsden gastrointestinal oncologist who has shaped UK colorectal and upper gastrointestinal trials and who works on the blood test for residual disease after bowel surgery.","route":"/people/ian-chau/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Consultant Medical Oncologist, The Royal Marsden; Professor, The Institute of Cancer Research · The Royal Marsden","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ibis-i","name":"IBIS-I (International Breast Intervention Study I)","tldr":"The UK-led prevention trial that showed five years of tamoxifen keeps preventing breast cancer for at least twenty years, and the reason NICE tells the NHS to offer it to premenopausal women at high familial risk.","route":"/trials/ibis-i/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"breast-cancer","sub":"ISRCTN91879928","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2015"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2015"},"tags":[{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"prevention","href":"/tagged/prevention/","tip":"Every record tagged prevention."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2015}},{"id":"ibis-ii","name":"IBIS-II (International Breast Intervention Study II)","tldr":"The trial that made anastrozole a prevention drug, halving breast cancer in postmenopausal women at high risk and, with a licence granted in 2023, putting a generic tablet on the NHS prevention pathway.","route":"/trials/ibis-ii/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"breast-cancer","sub":"ISRCTN31488319","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Breast cancer"],"year":["2020"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2020"},"tags":[{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"prevention","href":"/tagged/prevention/","tip":"Every record tagged prevention."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2020}},{"id":"ilap","name":"ILAP (Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway)","tldr":"The UK's post-Brexit scheme, launched in 2021 and refreshed in 2025, that brings the medicines regulator, NICE and the NHS together early in a drug's development so that licensing and the decision to pay for it can happen close together.","route":"/terms/ilap/","kind":"term","term":{"category":"Regulation & policy"},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"law","href":"/tagged/law/","tip":"Every record tagged law."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"impact-bcc","name":"IMPACT (cemiplimab in advanced basal cell carcinoma)","tldr":"The British trial testing whether the immunotherapy that works for advanced squamous cell carcinoma also works, first line, for the advanced basal cell carcinomas NICE refused to fund a hedgehog inhibitor for.","route":"/trials/impact-bcc/","status":"active","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"basal-cell-carcinoma","sub":"ISRCTN10511385","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Basal cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Basal cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/basal-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer and the most common cancer of all, caused by sun exposure and almost never life-threatening. Nearly all are removed surgically; the rare advanced cases are treated with drugs that block the hedgehog signalling pathway, and with immunotherapy if those fail."}],"tags":[{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."},{"label":"basal-cell-carcinoma","href":"/tagged/basal-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Every record tagged basal-cell-carcinoma."},{"label":"recruiting","href":"/tagged/recruiting/","tip":"Every record tagged recruiting."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"innovative-medicines-fund","name":"Innovative Medicines Fund (England)","tldr":"A fund launched in 2022 that does for non-cancer medicines what the Cancer Drugs Fund does for cancer: pays for a promising but uncertain drug for a limited period while evidence is gathered, with the same budget of 340 million pounds.","route":"/terms/innovative-medicines-fund/","kind":"term","term":{"category":"Regulation & policy"},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"law","href":"/tagged/law/","tip":"Every record tagged law."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"jean-abraham","name":"Jean Abraham","tldr":"Chief investigator of PARTNER, the UK trial of neoadjuvant olaparib with platinum chemotherapy in triple-negative and BRCA-associated breast cancer, run from Addenbrooke's across 23 NHS sites (30 on the ClinicalTrials.gov record).","route":"/people/jean-abraham/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Precision Breast Cancer Medicine and Honorary Consultant in Medical Oncology, University of Cambridge; Director, Precision Breast Cancer Institute; Consultant, Addenbrooke's Hospital · Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Early triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Early triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc-early/","tip":"Early triple-negative breast cancer is treated to cure. For tumours over 2 cm or with node involvement, chemotherapy plus the immunotherapy pembrolizumab before and after surgery has raised cure rates; BRCA carriers with cancer left at surgery add a year of olaparib, and others with residual cancer are offered capecitabine. Whether the tumour has vanished by surgery guides what comes next."}],"tags":[{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"jenny-donovan","name":"Jenny Donovan","tldr":"The Bristol social scientist who worked out how to recruit men into a trial that asked them to accept a coin toss between surgery, radiotherapy and doing nothing, and then measured honestly what each did to their lives.","route":"/people/jenny-donovan/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Social Medicine, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, University of Bristol · Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-low-risk/","tip":"Low-risk prostate cancer is Grade Group 1 disease confined to the gland with a PSA under 10. It grows so slowly that watching it closely is the recommended first choice, and most men who choose surveillance never need treatment."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-intermediate-risk/","tip":"Intermediate-risk prostate cancer has Grade Group 2 or 3 disease, a PSA between 10 and 20 or a tumour that fills more of the gland. Surgery or radiotherapy cure most men; the favourable half can sometimes be watched, and the unfavourable half is given a few months of hormone therapy with radiotherapy."}],"tags":[{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"john-bridgewater","name":"John Bridgewater","tldr":"Senior author of the UK's two standard-setting biliary trials, ABC-02 and BILCAP, chief investigator of ABC-06, and UK lead of the first-line precision medicine trial SAFIR-ABC10.","route":"/people/john-bridgewater/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute; Consultant Medical Oncologist, University College London Hospitals; Medical Adviser, AMMF · University College London Hospitals / UCL Cancer Institute","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"biliary","href":"/tagged/biliary/","tip":"Every record tagged biliary."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"john-burn","name":"John Burn","tldr":"The Newcastle geneticist whose CAPP2 trial showed that two years of aspirin cuts bowel cancer in people born with Lynch syndrome, a result that still shapes NHS advice.","route":"/people/john-burn/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Clinical Genetics, Newcastle University · Newcastle Cancer Centre / Northern Centre for Cancer Care","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Early-onset colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Early-onset colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/early-onset-colorectal/","tip":"Bowel cancer is rising in people under 50, for reasons that are still not understood, and it is usually found late because neither patients nor doctors expect it. Treatment is the same as in older adults and works as well stage for stage; the changes are earlier screening, genetic testing for everyone diagnosed young, and attention to fertility, work and family."}],"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"genetics","href":"/tagged/genetics/","tip":"Every record tagged genetics."},{"label":"prevention","href":"/tagged/prevention/","tip":"Every record tagged prevention."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"john-field","name":"John Field","tldr":"The Liverpool scientist behind the UK Lung Cancer Screening trial and the Liverpool Lung Project risk model, which is one of the two rules the NHS uses to decide who is invited for a scan.","route":"/people/john-field/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool · Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"jonathan-ledermann","name":"Jonathan A. Ledermann","tldr":"Led Study 19, the trial that first showed PARP inhibitor maintenance works in ovarian cancer.","route":"/people/jonathan-ledermann/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute; Consultant, UCLH · University College London Hospitals / UCL Cancer Institute","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Ovarian cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/cancers/ovarian/","tip":"Usually found late. PARP inhibitors transformed maintenance therapy, and ADCs against folate receptor and CDH6 are arriving for platinum-resistant disease."}],"tags":[{"label":"ovarian","href":"/tagged/ovarian/","tip":"Every record tagged ovarian."},{"label":"parp","href":"/tagged/parp/","tip":"Every record tagged parp."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"kings-college-hospital-london","name":"King's College Hospital, London","tldr":"One of London's specialist liver and hepatobiliary centres, with a liver transplant programme; listed by the national audit as an HPB specialist centre and by AMMF as a centre with cholangiocarcinoma expertise.","route":"/institutions/kings-college-hospital-london/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/kings-college-hospital-london.png","avatar":"org","sub":"King's College London · London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"liverpool-heart-and-chest","name":"Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","tldr":"The specialist heart and chest hospital for Cheshire and Merseyside, which calls its thoracic service one of the largest and busiest specialist thoracic surgical units in the country.","route":"/institutions/liverpool-heart-and-chest/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/liverpool-heart-and-chest.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Liverpool, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer","Resectable stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"Resectable stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/resectable-nsclc/","tip":"Lung cancer caught before it has spread is treated with surgery, now often keyhole or robotic and sometimes removing only part of a lobe. Immunotherapy given before and after the operation, or a targeted pill afterwards for EGFR or ALK tumours, cuts the chance of the cancer coming back by between a third and four fifths."}],"tags":[{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."},{"label":"thoracic-surgery","href":"/tagged/thoracic-surgery/","tip":"Every record tagged thoracic-surgery."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"liverpool-hpb-centre","name":"Liverpool University Hospitals HPB centre (Aintree)","tldr":"The North Western Hepatobiliary Centre at Aintree, serving Merseyside, Cheshire, North Wales and the Isle of Man; HPB surgeon Hassan Malik co-wrote the BSG cholangiocarcinoma guideline.","route":"/institutions/liverpool-hpb-centre/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/liverpool-hpb-centre.png","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Liverpool · Liverpool, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"lungsearch","name":"Lung-SEARCH","tldr":"The British trial that tested a cheap, staged alternative to scanning everyone, and found it did not work: more than half the cancers never showed up in the sputum at all.","route":"/trials/lungsearch/","status":"negative","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","sub":"ISRCTN80745975","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":["2019"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2019"},"tags":[{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."},{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"negative-trial","href":"/tagged/negative-trial/","tip":"Every record tagged negative-trial."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2019}},{"id":"lymphoma-action","name":"Lymphoma Action","tldr":"The United Kingdom's only charity dedicated to lymphoma: a freephone helpline, support groups, a buddy scheme, a lymphoma trials database and a seat at the table when NICE and the Scottish Medicines Consortium appraise a lymphoma medicine.","route":"/institutions/lymphoma-action/","kind":"institution","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=lymphoma-action.org.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"Aylesbury, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Non-Hodgkin lymphoma","Hodgkin lymphoma","Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","Follicular lymphoma","Mantle cell lymphoma","Marginal zone lymphoma","Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","Burkitt lymphoma","Primary CNS lymphoma","Peripheral T-cell lymphomas","Waldenström macroglobulinaemia"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not one disease but a family of more than sixty cancers of the lymphocytes, the white blood cells of the immune system. About 95 per cent come from B cells and the rest from T or NK cells; some grow over years and are watched, others grow over weeks and are treated to cure. The family is the map; the subtype is the disease, and the subtype is what decides the treatment."},{"label":"Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab."},{"label":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","href":"/cancers/dlbcl/","tip":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive but curable lymphoma. CAR-T cures about 40% of relapsed patients, and off-the-shelf bispecifics are now approved."},{"label":"Follicular lymphoma","href":"/cancers/follicular-lymphoma/","tip":"Follicular lymphoma is the most common slow-growing lymphoma, defined in about 85% of cases by a BCL2 translocation. Most people live with it for decades, treated only when it causes problems; it can be controlled repeatedly with anti-CD20 antibodies, chemotherapy, bispecifics or CAR-T but rarely cured, and a small share transform into an aggressive lymphoma each year."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"lymphoma","href":"/tagged/lymphoma/","tip":"Every record tagged lymphoma."},{"label":"patient-support","href":"/tagged/patient-support/","tip":"Every record tagged patient-support."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mairead-mcnamara","name":"Mairéad McNamara","tldr":"Leads biliary tract cancer trials at The Christie, the Manchester centre behind the ABC trial series, and is a member of the international biliary trial collaborations.","route":"/people/mairead-mcnamara/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology, University of Manchester; Honorary Consultant, The Christie · The Christie NHS Foundation Trust","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Neuroendocrine tumours"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Neuroendocrine tumours","href":"/cancers/neuroendocrine/","tip":"A family of usually slow-growing tumours that start in hormone-producing cells of the gut, pancreas and lungs. They pioneered the idea of using the same molecule to see a tumour on a scan and then to treat it with radiation."}],"tags":[{"label":"biliary","href":"/tagged/biliary/","tip":"Every record tagged biliary."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"manchester-royal-infirmary","name":"Manchester Royal Infirmary HPB Unit","tldr":"Greater Manchester's HPB surgical unit; works with The Christie, where the region's biliary oncology and the ABC trial series are based.","route":"/institutions/manchester-royal-infirmary/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/manchester-royal-infirmary.png","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Manchester · Manchester, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. 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It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"martyn-caplin","name":"Martyn E. Caplin","tldr":"Led CLARINET, which showed lanreotide slows tumour growth and made somatostatin analogues first-line antiproliferative therapy for NETs.","route":"/people/martyn-caplin/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Gastroenterology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Royal Free Hospital and UCL · Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Neuroendocrine tumours"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Neuroendocrine tumours","href":"/cancers/neuroendocrine/","tip":"A family of usually slow-growing tumours that start in hormone-producing cells of the gut, pancreas and lungs. 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Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."},{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."},{"label":"support","href":"/tagged/support/","tip":"Every record tagged support."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mercury","name":"MERCURY","tldr":"The study that proved a scan can tell, before any surgery, whether the surgeon will get all of a rectal cancer out, which is why every rectal cancer in the NHS now gets an MRI first.","route":"/trials/mercury/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":["2006"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. 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Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."},{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. 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Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"coin","name":"MRC COIN","tldr":"The UK trial that checked whether adding an antibody to first-line chemotherapy for advanced bowel cancer helps people live longer, and found it does not.","route":"/trials/coin/","status":"negative","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN27286448","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2011"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2011"},"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"anti-egfr","href":"/tagged/anti-egfr/","tip":"Every record tagged anti-egfr."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2011}},{"id":"cr07","name":"MRC CR07","tldr":"The UK trial that settled how rectal cancer is treated before surgery: five days of radiotherapy for everyone beats waiting to see who needs it afterwards.","route":"/trials/cr07/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN28785842","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":["2009"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2009"},"tags":[{"label":"rectal","href":"/tagged/rectal/","tip":"Every record tagged rectal."},{"label":"radiotherapy","href":"/tagged/radiotherapy/","tip":"Every record tagged radiotherapy."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2009}},{"id":"naureen-starling","name":"Naureen Starling","tldr":"The Royal Marsden oncologist who runs the UK trial testing whether a blood test for leftover tumour DNA can decide who needs chemotherapy after bowel cancer surgery.","route":"/people/naureen-starling/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Consultant Medical Oncologist and Director of the Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Marsden; Reader, The Institute of Cancer Research · The Royal Marsden","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nice-methods","name":"NICE technology appraisal methods (2022)","tldr":"The rulebook NICE uses to decide whether the NHS in England should pay for a medicine: a cost per quality-adjusted life year usually between 20,000 and 30,000 pounds, with extra weight since 2022 for severe diseases in place of the old bonus for end-of-life cancer drugs.","route":"/terms/nice-methods/","kind":"term","term":{"category":"Regulation & policy"},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"law","href":"/tagged/law/","tip":"Every record tagged law."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nicholas-van-as","name":"Nicholas van As","tldr":"The Royal Marsden oncologist who ran the trial that cut a four-week course of prostate radiotherapy to five treatments, and published the higher urinary side-effect rate alongside the good news.","route":"/people/nicholas-van-as/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Medical Director and Consultant Clinical Oncologist, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Professor in Precision Prostate Radiotherapy, The Institute of Cancer Research · The Royal Marsden","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-low-risk/","tip":"Low-risk prostate cancer is Grade Group 1 disease confined to the gland with a PSA under 10. It grows so slowly that watching it closely is the recommended first choice, and most men who choose surveillance never need treatment."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-intermediate-risk/","tip":"Intermediate-risk prostate cancer has Grade Group 2 or 3 disease, a PSA between 10 and 20 or a tumour that fills more of the gland. Surgery or radiotherapy cure most men; the favourable half can sometimes be watched, and the unfavourable half is given a few months of hormone therapy with radiotherapy."}],"tags":[{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."},{"label":"radiotherapy","href":"/tagged/radiotherapy/","tip":"Every record tagged radiotherapy."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nick-levell","name":"Nick Levell","tldr":"The Norwich dermatologist who wrote the national audit of British dermatology, and whose report is the reason anyone can say how many Mohs surgeons England has.","route":"/people/nick-levell/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Consultant dermatologist, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Getting It Right First Time national clinical lead for dermatology","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Skin cancer","Basal cell carcinoma","Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery."},{"label":"Basal cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/basal-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer and the most common cancer of all, caused by sun exposure and almost never life-threatening. Nearly all are removed surgically; the rare advanced cases are treated with drugs that block the hedgehog signalling pathway, and with immunotherapy if those fail."},{"label":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/cutaneous-scc/","tip":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it."}],"tags":[{"label":"dermatology","href":"/tagged/dermatology/","tip":"Every record tagged dermatology."},{"label":"service-design","href":"/tagged/service-design/","tip":"Every record tagged service-design."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ninewells-dundee","name":"Ninewells Hospital, Dundee","tldr":"A surgical centre for NHS Scotland North; a Precision-Panc and ginisortamab trial site and home of the TAYCAN liquid biopsy study.","route":"/institutions/ninewells-dundee/","kind":"institution","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Dundee · Dundee, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"nottingham-fob","name":"Nottingham faecal occult blood screening trial","tldr":"The Nottingham trial that proved a home stool test posted to a whole population reduces deaths from bowel cancer, and so created the NHS screening programme.","route":"/trials/nottingham-fob/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN11631712","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["1996"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"1996"},"tags":[{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."},{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":1996}},{"id":"pancreatic-cancer-action","name":"Pancreatic Cancer Action","tldr":"A UK charity founded by a pancreatic cancer survivor that works on early diagnosis: symptom awareness campaigns and education for GPs and the public.","route":"/institutions/pancreatic-cancer-action/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/pancreatic-cancer-action.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Guildford, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."},{"label":"early-detection","href":"/tagged/early-detection/","tip":"Every record tagged early-detection."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"pancreatic-cancer-uk","name":"Pancreatic Cancer UK","tldr":"The UK's pancreatic cancer charity: a specialist nurse Support Line, the list of NHS specialist centres, the Optimal Care Pathway that GIRFT and the national audit measure against, research funding and the campaign to end PERT shortages.","route":"/institutions/pancreatic-cancer-uk/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/pancreatic-cancer-uk.png","avatar":"org","sub":"London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"partner","name":"PARTNER","tldr":"The Cambridge-led UK trial that added olaparib to neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel for triple-negative and BRCA breast cancer and found the 48-hour gap schedule gave 100 percent three-year survival in the germline BRCA group.","route":"/trials/partner/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"tnbc","sub":"NCT03150576","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Early triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2024"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Early triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc-early/","tip":"Early triple-negative breast cancer is treated to cure. For tumours over 2 cm or with node involvement, chemotherapy plus the immunotherapy pembrolizumab before and after surgery has raised cure rates; BRCA carriers with cancer left at surgery add a year of olaparib, and others with residual cancer are offered capecitabine. Whether the tumour has vanished by surgery guides what comes next."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2024"},"tags":[{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"neoadjuvant","href":"/tagged/neoadjuvant/","tip":"Every record tagged neoadjuvant."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2024}},{"id":"paul-nathan","name":"Paul Nathan","tldr":"Led the tebentafusp trial, the first treatment ever to extend survival in metastatic uveal melanoma.","route":"/people/paul-nathan/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Consultant Medical Oncologist, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, London · Mount Vernon Cancer Centre","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Uveal melanoma","Melanoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Uveal melanoma","href":"/cancers/uveal-melanoma/","tip":"A melanoma inside the eye that is biologically unrelated to skin melanoma: different mutations, no response to standard immunotherapy, and a tendency to spread to the liver years later. Tebentafusp is the first drug ever to extend survival in the metastatic disease."},{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."}],"tags":[{"label":"uveal-melanoma","href":"/tagged/uveal-melanoma/","tip":"Every record tagged uveal-melanoma."},{"label":"bispecific","href":"/tagged/bispecific/","tip":"Every record tagged bispecific."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"paula-ghaneh","name":"Paula Ghaneh","tldr":"Liverpool pancreatic surgeon, chief investigator of ESPAC5, the UK trial of short-course neoadjuvant treatment for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, and a co-author of ESPAC-3 and ESPAC-4.","route":"/people/paula-ghaneh/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Surgery, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool · Liverpool University Hospitals HPB centre (Aintree)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/borderline-resectable-pdac/","tip":"Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer touches the big blood vessels behind the pancreas, so an operation straight away would probably leave cancer behind. Chemotherapy first, usually FOLFIRINOX for several months and sometimes radiotherapy, shrinks the edge of the tumour, and patients whose disease has not spread go on to surgery with a better chance of a clean removal."},{"label":"Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/resectable-pdac/","tip":"Resectable pancreatic cancer is the minority of pancreatic cancer that the surgeon can remove with clear margins because it has not wrapped around the main arteries or spread. Treatment is an operation, usually a Whipple procedure, followed by six months of combination chemotherapy, which is what turns surgery alone into a real chance of cure."}],"tags":[{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."},{"label":"surgeon","href":"/tagged/surgeon/","tip":"Every record tagged surgeon."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"peter-hillmen","name":"Peter Hillmen","tldr":"Led FLAIR, the UK trial showing MRD-guided ibrutinib plus venetoclax outperforms chemoimmunotherapy in CLL.","route":"/people/peter-hillmen/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Emeritus Professor of Experimental Haematology, University of Leeds · Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","href":"/cancers/cll/","tip":"A slow leukaemia that no longer needs chemotherapy: BTK inhibitors and venetoclax control it for years, often in fixed-duration courses."}],"tags":[{"label":"cll","href":"/tagged/cll/","tip":"Every record tagged cll."},{"label":"mrd","href":"/tagged/mrd/","tip":"Every record tagged mrd."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"philip-crosbie","name":"Philip Crosbie","tldr":"The Manchester respiratory physician who showed that if you park a CT scanner in a supermarket car park in a poor part of the city, people come, and the cancers you find are early ones.","route":"/people/philip-crosbie/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester; Honorary Consultant, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust · The Christie NHS Foundation Trust","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"precision-panc","name":"Precision-Panc","tldr":"The UK precision medicine platform for pancreatic cancer, led from Glasgow: profile the tumour at diagnosis, then route the patient to a matching PRIMUS trial.","route":"/trials/precision-panc/","status":"completed","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"pancreatic","sub":"ISRCTN14879538","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/metastatic-pdac/","tip":"Metastatic pancreatic cancer has spread beyond the pancreas, usually to the liver, and is treated with chemotherapy rather than surgery. Three combination regimens lengthen life, a minority of patients qualify for targeted drugs chosen by tumour or inherited mutations, and in 2026 the pan-RAS inhibitor daraxonrasib became the first drug against the KRAS mutation that drives almost every case."}],"tags":[{"label":"precision-medicine","href":"/tagged/precision-medicine/","tip":"Every record tagged precision-medicine."},{"label":"platform","href":"/tagged/platform/","tip":"Every record tagged platform."},{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"promis","name":"PROMIS","tldr":"The British study that measured how bad the standard prostate biopsy really was, and how good a scan could be instead: the evidence that put MRI before the needle in the NHS.","route":"/trials/promis/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"prostate","sub":"ISRCTN16082556","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk"],"year":["2017"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-low-risk/","tip":"Low-risk prostate cancer is Grade Group 1 disease confined to the gland with a PSA under 10. It grows so slowly that watching it closely is the recommended first choice, and most men who choose surveillance never need treatment."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-intermediate-risk/","tip":"Intermediate-risk prostate cancer has Grade Group 2 or 3 disease, a PSA between 10 and 20 or a tumour that fills more of the gland. Surgery or radiotherapy cure most men; the favourable half can sometimes be watched, and the unfavourable half is given a few months of hormone therapy with radiotherapy."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2017"},"tags":[{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."},{"label":"diagnostics","href":"/tagged/diagnostics/","tip":"Every record tagged diagnostics."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2017}},{"id":"prostate-cancer-uk","name":"Prostate Cancer UK","tldr":"The UK charity that funds prostate cancer research, answers the questions the NHS has no time for through a team of Specialist Nurses, and is paying for half of TRANSFORM, the trial that will decide whether Britain ever screens for this disease.","route":"/institutions/prostate-cancer-uk/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/prostate-cancer-uk.png","avatar":"org","sub":"London, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate-mhspc/","tip":"Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is disease that has spread but still responds to lowering testosterone. Hormone therapy alone is no longer enough: adding an androgen receptor inhibitor, and docetaxel for high-volume disease, lengthens life by years."},{"label":"Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate-mcrpc/","tip":"Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is disease that grows despite castrate testosterone. Sequenced treatments now include androgen receptor inhibitors, docetaxel and cabazitaxel, PARP inhibitors for men with BRCA-type mutations, the radioligand 177Lu-PSMA-617 and radium-223 for bone-predominant disease."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-low-risk/","tip":"Low-risk prostate cancer is Grade Group 1 disease confined to the gland with a PSA under 10. It grows so slowly that watching it closely is the recommended first choice, and most men who choose surveillance never need treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"quasar","name":"QUASAR","tldr":"The UK trial that measured exactly how small the benefit of chemotherapy is after surgery for early bowel cancer, turning a default into a conversation.","route":"/trials/quasar/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN82375386","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Colon cancer"],"year":["2007"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Colon cancer","href":"/cancers/colon-cancer/","tip":"Colon cancer is bowel cancer arising in the large bowel above the rectum. It shares its biology with colorectal cancer but is treated differently from rectal cancer: surgery comes first without radiotherapy, chemotherapy afterwards is decided by stage and increasingly by a blood test for leftover tumour DNA, and the side the tumour started on changes which drugs work once it has spread."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2007"},"tags":[{"label":"adjuvant","href":"/tagged/adjuvant/","tip":"Every record tagged adjuvant."},{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2007}},{"id":"rachel-kerr","name":"Rachel Kerr","tldr":"The Oxford oncologist who led QUASAR 2 and co-led SCOT, the trial that cut adjuvant chemotherapy for bowel cancer from six months to three without losing benefit.","route":"/people/rachel-kerr/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Associate Professor of Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Oxford; Clinical Director of Phase 3 Trials, Oncology Clinical Trials Office · Oxford Cancer (Oxford University Hospitals and University of Oxford)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"raigmore-inverness","name":"Raigmore Hospital, Inverness","tldr":"The surgical centre for the Highland area of NHS Scotland North.","route":"/institutions/raigmore-inverness/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/raigmore-inverness.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Inverness, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"rakesh-heer","name":"Rakesh Heer","tldr":"The Imperial urologist who is research lead on TRANSFORM and joint chief investigator of the trial asking whether taking the lymph nodes out during a prostatectomy does any good.","route":"/people/rakesh-heer/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Chair of Urology and Consultant Urological Surgeon, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London · Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust / Imperial College London Cancer Research","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, high and very high risk"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, high and very high risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-high-risk/","tip":"High-risk prostate cancer has Grade Group 4 or 5 disease, a PSA above 20 or a tumour growing beyond the gland. It is still curable, but needs radiotherapy with two to three years of hormone therapy, or surgery followed by radiotherapy, and adding abiraterone to hormone therapy now lengthens life in the highest-risk men."}],"tags":[{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"mcc-rational-treatment","name":"Rational treatment selection for Merkel cell carcinoma","tldr":"The only randomised trial ever attempted in Merkel cell carcinoma, run from Birmingham, closed to recruitment in 2018, and with no published result on its registry record: the reason the first treatment decision in this cancer is still made on opinion.","route":"/trials/mcc-rational-treatment/","status":"completed","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"merkel-cell-carcinoma","sub":"ISRCTN16290169","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Merkel cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Merkel cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/merkel-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, fast-growing skin cancer, usually caused by a common virus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) or by sun damage. Once it had spread there was no treatment that worked; PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy now gives lasting responses in about half of patients."}],"tags":[{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."},{"label":"merkel-cell-carcinoma","href":"/tagged/merkel-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Every record tagged merkel-cell-carcinoma."},{"label":"rare","href":"/tagged/rare/","tip":"Every record tagged rare."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"rebecca-fitzgerald","name":"Rebecca C. Fitzgerald","tldr":"Invented the Cytosponge, a swallowable sponge-on-a-string that finds Barrett's oesophagus without endoscopy.","route":"/people/rebecca-fitzgerald/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Director, Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge; Professor of Cancer Prevention · Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre / CRUK Cambridge Institute","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Oesophageal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Oesophageal cancer","href":"/cancers/esophageal/","tip":"Oesophageal cancer is really two diseases sharing one organ: squamous cell carcinoma, which dominates in Asia, and adenocarcinoma, which dominates in the West and is treated like gastric cancer. Immunotherapy is now standard, and the bispecific ADC iza-bren posted a positive phase 3 in the squamous type in 2026."}],"tags":[{"label":"early-detection","href":"/tagged/early-detection/","tip":"Every record tagged early-detection."},{"label":"esophageal","href":"/tagged/esophageal/","tip":"Every record tagged esophageal."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ros-eeles","name":"Rosalind Eeles","tldr":"The oncogeneticist who found most of the common genetic variants that raise a man's risk of prostate cancer, and whose work is the reason the UK's first prostate screening programme is defined by a gene rather than by an age.","route":"/people/ros-eeles/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Oncogenetics, The Institute of Cancer Research; Consultant in Clinical Oncology and Cancer Genetics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust · The Royal Marsden","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, high and very high risk"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, high and very high risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-high-risk/","tip":"High-risk prostate cancer has Grade Group 4 or 5 disease, a PSA above 20 or a tumour growing beyond the gland. It is still curable, but needs radiotherapy with two to three years of hormone therapy, or surgery followed by radiotherapy, and adding abiraterone to hormone therapy now lengthens life in the highest-risk men."}],"tags":[{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."},{"label":"genetics","href":"/tagged/genetics/","tip":"Every record tagged genetics."},{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"roy-castle-lung-cancer-foundation","name":"Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation","tldr":"The only UK charity that works on lung cancer alone: a nurse-answered helpline, information days and support groups around the country, research fellowships, and the campaigning that pushed the NHS towards a national screening programme.","route":"/institutions/roy-castle-lung-cancer-foundation/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/roy-castle-lung-cancer-foundation.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Liverpool, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/sclc/","tip":"A fast-growing lung cancer. About a third of cases are confined to one side of the chest and are treated to cure with chemotherapy and radiotherapy together; the rest respond to chemotherapy and relapse quickly. After 30 years without progress, durvalumab consolidation, the T-cell engager tarlatamab and antibody-drug conjugates have each lengthened survival since 2024."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"royal-blackburn-elht","name":"Royal Blackburn Hospital (East Lancashire HPB MDT)","tldr":"The East Lancashire specialist HPB cancer MDT, one of the 23 English HPB specialist centres; the trust site blocks automated readers, so its listing rests on the audit and Pancreatic Cancer UK.","route":"/institutions/royal-blackburn-elht/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/royal-blackburn-elht.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Blackburn, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"royal-infirmary-edinburgh","name":"Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh","tldr":"The HPB surgical centre for the South East Scotland Cancer Network, with liver transplantation; non-surgical treatment at the Western General.","route":"/institutions/royal-infirmary-edinburgh/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/royal-infirmary-edinburgh.png","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Edinburgh · Edinburgh, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"royal-papworth","name":"Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","tldr":"The specialist heart and lung hospital on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, and one of the 26 NHS thoracic units in England that operate on lung cancer.","route":"/institutions/royal-papworth/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/royal-papworth.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Cambridge, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer","Resectable stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"Resectable stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/resectable-nsclc/","tip":"Lung cancer caught before it has spread is treated with surgery, now often keyhole or robotic and sometimes removing only part of a lobe. Immunotherapy given before and after the operation, or a targeted pill afterwards for EGFR or ALK tumours, cuts the chance of the cancer coming back by between a third and four fifths."}],"tags":[{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."},{"label":"thoracic-surgery","href":"/tagged/thoracic-surgery/","tip":"Every record tagged thoracic-surgery."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"royal-stoke-uhnm","name":"Royal Stoke University Hospital","tldr":"The HPB specialist centre for Staffordshire, Shropshire (including part of mid Wales) and Wolverhampton.","route":"/institutions/royal-stoke-uhnm/","kind":"institution","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=uhnm.nhs.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"Stoke-on-Trent, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"royal-surrey-guildford","name":"Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford","tldr":"The regional hepato-pancreato-biliary unit for Surrey and its neighbours, one of the 23 English HPB specialist centres.","route":"/institutions/royal-surrey-guildford/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/royal-surrey-guildford.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Guildford, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"sanjay-popat","name":"Sanjay Popat","tldr":"The Royal Marsden thoracic oncologist, now its chief medical officer, who has been an investigator on most of the UK trials that put targeted drugs into lung cancer practice.","route":"/people/sanjay-popat/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Chief Medical Officer and Consultant Medical Oncologist, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Professor of Thoracic Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research · The Royal Marsden","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer","EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer","ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/egfr-mutant-nsclc/","tip":"EGFR-mutated lung cancer is driven by a single faulty growth receptor and is treated first with a pill rather than chemotherapy. Osimertinib keeps the disease under control for about a year and a half on average, adding chemotherapy or the antibody amivantamab extends that further, and three years of osimertinib after surgery roughly halves the risk of death in early-stage disease."},{"label":"ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/alk-positive-nsclc/","tip":"ALK-positive lung cancer is driven by a fused ALK gene and is treated with a pill from the start. The newest inhibitors keep the disease under control for years, with lorlatinib holding six in ten patients progression-free at five years, and two years of alectinib after surgery cuts recurrence by three quarters."}],"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"scc-after","name":"SCC-AFTER","tldr":"The trial testing a thing the NHS already does without evidence: giving radiotherapy after surgery for a high-risk squamous cell carcinoma, to stop it coming back.","route":"/trials/scc-after/","status":"recruiting","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"cutaneous-scc","sub":"ISRCTN54806122","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","Skin cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/cutaneous-scc/","tip":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it."},{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery."}],"tags":[{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."},{"label":"radiotherapy","href":"/tagged/radiotherapy/","tip":"Every record tagged radiotherapy."},{"label":"recruiting","href":"/tagged/recruiting/","tip":"Every record tagged recruiting."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"scot","name":"SCOT","tldr":"The Glasgow-led trial that halved the length of chemotherapy after bowel cancer surgery, sparing thousands of people lasting nerve damage.","route":"/trials/scot/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN59757862","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Colon cancer"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Colon cancer","href":"/cancers/colon-cancer/","tip":"Colon cancer is bowel cancer arising in the large bowel above the rectum. It shares its biology with colorectal cancer but is treated differently from rectal cancer: surgery comes first without radiotherapy, chemotherapy afterwards is decided by stage and increasingly by a blood test for leftover tumour DNA, and the side the tumour started on changes which drugs work once it has spread."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[{"label":"adjuvant","href":"/tagged/adjuvant/","tip":"Every record tagged adjuvant."},{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"de-escalation","href":"/tagged/de-escalation/","tip":"Every record tagged de-escalation."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"serena-nik-zainal","name":"Serena Nik-Zainal","tldr":"Deciphered the mutational signatures written in cancer genomes and turned them into clinical tests like HRDetect.","route":"/people/serena-nik-zainal/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Cambridge; Honorary Consultant in Clinical Genetics · Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre / CRUK Cambridge Institute","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."}],"tags":[{"label":"genomics","href":"/tagged/genomics/","tip":"Every record tagged genomics."},{"label":"mutational-signatures","href":"/tagged/mutational-signatures/","tip":"Every record tagged mutational-signatures."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"shahid-khan","name":"Shahid A. Khan","tldr":"Hepatologist who documented the rise of cholangiocarcinoma in the UK and senior author of the 2023 British Society of Gastroenterology guideline that sets out how NHS teams should diagnose and manage it.","route":"/people/shahid-khan/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Professor of Practice (Hepatology), Imperial College London; Consultant Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; Chair, Cholangiocarcinoma-UK; Medical Adviser, AMMF · Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust / Imperial College London Cancer Research","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"biliary","href":"/tagged/biliary/","tip":"Every record tagged biliary."},{"label":"guidelines","href":"/tagged/guidelines/","tip":"Every record tagged guidelines."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"skcin","name":"Skcin (the Karen Clifford Skin Cancer Charity)","tldr":"The prevention charity that campaigns on the one lever in skin cancer that is bigger than any drug: what the country does about ultraviolet exposure, and what it charges for sunscreen.","route":"/institutions/skcin/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/skcin.jpg","avatar":"org","sub":"Nottingham, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Skin cancer","Melanoma","Basal cell carcinoma","Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery."},{"label":"Melanoma","href":"/cancers/melanoma/","tip":"The skin cancer that proved immunotherapy works: half of advanced patients now live 10 years. Also the first with an approved TIL therapy, an oncolytic virus, and a positive phase 3 personalised vaccine."},{"label":"Basal cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/basal-cell-carcinoma/","tip":"Basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer and the most common cancer of all, caused by sun exposure and almost never life-threatening. Nearly all are removed surgically; the rare advanced cases are treated with drugs that block the hedgehog signalling pathway, and with immunotherapy if those fail."},{"label":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/cutaneous-scc/","tip":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it."}],"tags":[{"label":"charity","href":"/tagged/charity/","tip":"Every record tagged charity."},{"label":"prevention","href":"/tagged/prevention/","tip":"Every record tagged prevention."},{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"spot-it","name":"SPOT-IT","tldr":"A prevention trial for the group who get these cancers worst: people on long-term immunosuppression, for whom squamous cell carcinoma is not an event but a recurring condition.","route":"/trials/spot-it/","status":"recruiting","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"cutaneous-scc","sub":"ISRCTN80116429","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","Skin cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","href":"/cancers/cutaneous-scc/","tip":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a sun-related skin cancer with over a million US cases a year, almost all cured by removing them. The 2 to 5% that grow deep or spread respond to PD-1 immunotherapy (cemiplimab, pembrolizumab), which is now also given after surgery in high-risk cases; transplant recipients cannot safely receive it."},{"label":"Skin cancer","href":"/cancers/skin-cancer/","tip":"Skin cancer covers the very common and rarely dangerous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, the less common but more serious melanoma, and rarer tumours such as Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Almost all of it is caused by ultraviolet light and most of it is found and cured by simple surgery."}],"tags":[{"label":"skin","href":"/tagged/skin/","tip":"Every record tagged skin."},{"label":"prevention","href":"/tagged/prevention/","tip":"Every record tagged prevention."},{"label":"recruiting","href":"/tagged/recruiting/","tip":"Every record tagged recruiting."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"star-trec","name":"STAR-TREC","tldr":"The UK-led trial asking whether people with rectal cancer can keep their rectum: give radiotherapy, see how the tumour responds, and operate only if it has to be removed.","route":"/trials/star-trec/","status":"active","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN14240288","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer","Rectal cancer"],"year":["2026"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Rectal cancer","href":"/cancers/rectal-cancer/","tip":"Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2026"},"tags":[{"label":"rectal","href":"/tagged/rectal/","tip":"Every record tagged rectal."},{"label":"organ-preservation","href":"/tagged/organ-preservation/","tip":"Every record tagged organ-preservation."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2026}},{"id":"summit-lung","name":"SUMMIT (lung health check study)","tldr":"The biggest single UK lung screening cohort, run across diverse and deprived London boroughs, which showed the same early-stage shift and also showed that the poorest were the least likely to come.","route":"/trials/summit-lung/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","sub":"NCT03934866","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."},{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}},{"id":"rejuv-history-ncsi-england","name":"The National Cancer Survivorship Initiative in England, and the Recovery Package","tldr":"England ran a national programme on life after cancer from 2007. It produced a named bundle of four things every patient should get at the end of treatment, and a 2013 report that measured how rarely they got them.","route":"/terms/rejuv-history-ncsi-england/","kind":"term","schematic":{"id":"survivorship-care-plan","sections":["supportive-care","rejuvenation"]},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"rejuvenation","href":"/tagged/rejuvenation/","tip":"Every record tagged rejuvenation."},{"label":"survivorship","href":"/tagged/survivorship/","tip":"Every record tagged survivorship."},{"label":"history","href":"/tagged/history/","tip":"Every record tagged history."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"rejuv-second-uk-very-high-risk-breast-screening","name":"The UK very high risk breast screening protocol after chest radiotherapy","tldr":"England runs a named screening programme for women who had radiotherapy to breast tissue when young, with exact ages and tests set out in its own documents. Surveillance begins at 25 or 30 depending on your age when irradiated, or eight years after the radiotherapy, whichever is later, and referral runs through a national dataset.","route":"/terms/rejuv-second-uk-very-high-risk-breast-screening/","kind":"term","schematic":{"id":"mri","sections":["imaging"]},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":["Breast cancer","Hodgkin lymphoma","Non-Hodgkin lymphoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[{"label":"Breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-cancer/","tip":"Breast cancer is not one disease, and the result that decides which page you need is the receptor result: whether the cancer carries oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and whether it carries too much HER2. Those two answers give four boxes, not three, with a page for each. Grade and stage do not change which page you read; they change what happens on it."},{"label":"Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab."},{"label":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not one disease but a family of more than sixty cancers of the lymphocytes, the white blood cells of the immune system. About 95 per cent come from B cells and the rest from T or NK cells; some grow over years and are watched, others grow over weeks and are treated to cure. The family is the map; the subtype is the disease, and the subtype is what decides the treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"rejuvenation","href":"/tagged/rejuvenation/","tip":"Every record tagged rejuvenation."},{"label":"survivorship","href":"/tagged/survivorship/","tip":"Every record tagged survivorship."},{"label":"second-cancers","href":"/tagged/second-cancers/","tip":"Every record tagged second-cancers."},{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"tim-maughan","name":"Tim Maughan","tldr":"The oncologist who led COIN, which showed that adding cetuximab to first-line chemotherapy did not extend life even in RAS wild-type bowel cancer, and who ran the UK's molecularly stratified platform trial.","route":"/people/tim-maughan/","kind":"person","round":true,"avatar":"person","sub":"Emeritus Professor of Clinical Oncology, University of Oxford · Oxford Cancer (Oxford University Hospitals and University of Oxford)","facets":{"kind":["Person"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Person","tip":"The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"tags":[{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."},{"label":"trialist","href":"/tagged/trialist/","tip":"Every record tagged trialist."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"tnt","name":"TNT (Triple Negative Trial)","tldr":"The UK phase 3 trial that showed carboplatin is not better than docetaxel for triple-negative breast cancer as a whole, but is for the germline BRCA1/2 subgroup, and that gave the NHS its evidence for platinum in BRCA carriers.","route":"/trials/tnt/","status":"mixed","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"tnbc","sub":"NCT00532727","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Triple-negative breast cancer","Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer"],"year":["2018"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc/","tip":"A breast cancer that lacks the three receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) that other breast cancers can be treated through. It was the hardest subtype for decades; since 2020 immunotherapy and ADCs have changed that."},{"label":"Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/","tip":"The treatment of triple-negative breast cancer that has spread has been transformed since 2020, though it is not yet curable. By PD-L1 score, first treatment is pembrolizumab with chemotherapy or with sacituzumab govitecan, or datopotamab deruxtecan or sacituzumab govitecan alone; BRCA carriers can take a PARP inhibitor tablet; and trastuzumab deruxtecan reaches the third of tumours with low HER2."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2018"},"tags":[{"label":"breast","href":"/tagged/breast/","tip":"Every record tagged breast."},{"label":"platinum","href":"/tagged/platinum/","tip":"Every record tagged platinum."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2018}},{"id":"tracerx","name":"TRACERx","tldr":"The British study that followed lung cancers through time and space, region by region, and showed that a tumour is not one thing: the late-arriving, scattered changes are the ones that predict relapse.","route":"/trials/tracerx/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","sub":"NCT01888601","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer","Adenocarcinoma of the lung"],"year":["2023"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"Adenocarcinoma of the lung","href":"/cancers/lung-adenocarcinoma/","tip":"Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer and the form that non-smokers usually get; it starts in the mucus-making gland cells of the small airways, most often at the edge of the lung. It is the type in which testing for a driver mutation matters most, because half of cases have one that a tablet can target."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2023"},"tags":[{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."},{"label":"tumour-evolution","href":"/tagged/tumour-evolution/","tip":"Every record tagged tumour-evolution."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2023}},{"id":"transform-prostate","name":"TRANSFORM","tldr":"The trial that will decide whether Britain screens for prostate cancer, designed with the screening committee's input and built from the start to answer the question about Black men that every previous trial was too white to answer.","route":"/trials/transform-prostate/","status":"recruiting","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"prostate","sub":"ISRCTN13801649","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Prostate cancer","Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","href":"/cancers/prostate-low-risk/","tip":"Low-risk prostate cancer is Grade Group 1 disease confined to the gland with a PSA under 10. It grows so slowly that watching it closely is the recommended first choice, and most men who choose surveillance never need treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"prostate","href":"/tagged/prostate/","tip":"Every record tagged prostate."},{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"uk-data-protection-act","name":"UK Data Protection Act 2018 and health data law","tldr":"The UK's data law, which keeps the EU's GDPR in domestic form and adds NHS-specific rules, so that cancer registries and research can use patient records under a public-interest basis, patients can opt out of secondary uses, and a 2025 Act loosened the consent rules for scientific research.","route":"/terms/uk-data-protection-act/","kind":"term","term":{"category":"Regulation & policy"},"facets":{"kind":["Term"],"cancers":[],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Term","tip":"Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links."},"cancers":[],"tags":[{"label":"law","href":"/tagged/law/","tip":"Every record tagged law."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ukfss","name":"UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial","tldr":"The trial that showed one look inside the lower bowel in your late fifties can prevent a bowel cancer for life, and that a single test is enough.","route":"/trials/ukfss/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"colorectal","sub":"ISRCTN28352761","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Colorectal cancer"],"year":["2010"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2010"},"tags":[{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."},{"label":"colorectal","href":"/tagged/colorectal/","tip":"Every record tagged colorectal."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2010}},{"id":"uk-hpb-specialist-centres","name":"UK specialist HPB cancer centres","tldr":"Where HPB cancer surgery happens in the UK: about two dozen specialist centres, each with a weekly specialist MDT that takes every treatment decision for gallbladder and bile duct cancer in its region.","route":"/collections/uk-hpb-specialist-centres/","kind":"collection","logo":"https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?domain=pancreaticcancer.org.uk&sz=128","avatar":"org","sub":"Pancreatic Cancer UK (list, updated November 2025); NHS England specification 2260 (model)","facets":{"kind":["Collection"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Collection","tip":"The open databases and registries the field runs on."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."},{"label":"centres","href":"/tagged/centres/","tip":"Every record tagged centres."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ukls","name":"UKLS","tldr":"The British pilot that showed a risk-model-selected CT scan finds lung cancer early, and whose long follow-up gave the mortality signal that helped justify a national programme.","route":"/trials/ukls/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","sub":"ISRCTN78513845","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":["2021"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2021"},"tags":[{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."},{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2021}},{"id":"uhcw-coventry","name":"University Hospital Coventry","tldr":"The HPB specialist centre for Coventry and Warwickshire; its Macmillan HPB clinical nurse specialist sits on the GIRFT pancreatic cancer team.","route":"/institutions/uhcw-coventry/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/uhcw-coventry.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Coventry, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."},{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"university-hospital-wales-cardiff","name":"University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff","tldr":"Cardiff's liver surgery service, listed by AMMF as a UK centre with cholangiocarcinoma expertise; oncology at Velindre.","route":"/institutions/university-hospital-wales-cardiff/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/university-hospital-wales-cardiff.png","avatar":"org","sub":"Cardiff University · Cardiff, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Gallbladder cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Biliary tract cancer","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","Hepatocellular carcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Gallbladder cancer","href":"/cancers/gallbladder/","tip":"Gallbladder cancer starts in the small bile-storing sac under the liver and is one of the biliary tract cancers. Most cases are found late, or by chance when a gallbladder is removed for gallstones. It is rare in the UK, with about 1,300 cases a year, and much commoner in Chile, Bolivia and northern India. Found early, an operation can cure it."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/","tip":"Biliary tract cancers arise in the bile ducts inside or outside the liver, the gallbladder or the ampulla where the duct meets the bowel. They share short survival and the same first-line chemotherapy with immunotherapy, but differ in causes and in the targetable mutations they carry. Each has its own page."},{"label":"Biliary tract cancer","href":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/","tip":"Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment."},{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"hpb","href":"/tagged/hpb/","tip":"Every record tagged hpb."},{"label":"nhs","href":"/tagged/nhs/","tip":"Every record tagged nhs."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"violet","name":"VIOLET","tldr":"The UK trial that settled how a lung should be removed: keyhole surgery leaves people functioning better at five weeks and causes fewer serious problems after discharge, with the same survival.","route":"/trials/violet/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","sub":"ISRCTN13472721","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer","Resectable stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer"],"year":["2022"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."},{"label":"Resectable stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/resectable-nsclc/","tip":"Lung cancer caught before it has spread is treated with surgery, now often keyhole or robotic and sometimes removing only part of a lobe. Immunotherapy given before and after the operation, or a targeted pill afterwards for EGFR or ALK tumours, cuts the chance of the cancer coming back by between a third and four fifths."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2022"},"tags":[{"label":"surgery","href":"/tagged/surgery/","tip":"Every record tagged surgery."},{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2022}},{"id":"rejuv-access-what-it-costs-uk","name":"What recovery costs in the UK, and what it does not","tldr":"Cancer treatment makes prescriptions free in England for five years, but a wig is not a prescription and is charged for unless you qualify for help. A third of UK survivors in one survey still reported financial difficulty, which is lower than the United States and a long way from zero.","route":"/technologies/rejuv-access-what-it-costs-uk/","status":"established","kind":"technology","schematic":{"id":"rejuv-access-what-it-costs-uk","sections":["rejuvenation","supportive-care"]},"facets":{"kind":["Technology"],"cancers":["HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","Colorectal cancer","Prostate cancer","Hodgkin lymphoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Technology","tip":"Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained."},"cancers":[{"label":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","href":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/","tip":"HR-positive breast cancer is the most common breast cancer, driven by oestrogen. It was treated for years with hormone-blocking pills, now joined by CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K-pathway drugs, degraders, and ADCs."},{"label":"Colorectal cancer","href":"/cancers/colorectal/","tip":"The cancer where screening works best and where immunotherapy can make some tumours disappear entirely; chemotherapy still carries most metastatic disease, now with antibodies and targeted combinations chosen by RAS, BRAF, mismatch repair and which side of the bowel the tumour started on."},{"label":"Prostate cancer","href":"/cancers/prostate/","tip":"Prostate cancer is the home of theranostics: PSMA PET finds it, PSMA radioligands treat it. Hormonal therapy remains the foundation, with PARP and AKT inhibitors added by genotype."},{"label":"Hodgkin lymphoma","href":"/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/","tip":"Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab."}],"tags":[{"label":"rejuvenation","href":"/tagged/rejuvenation/","tip":"Every record tagged rejuvenation."},{"label":"survivorship","href":"/tagged/survivorship/","tip":"Every record tagged survivorship."},{"label":"measurement","href":"/tagged/measurement/","tip":"Every record tagged measurement."},{"label":"access","href":"/tagged/access/","tip":"Every record tagged access."},{"label":"cost","href":"/tagged/cost/","tip":"Every record tagged cost."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"wolfson-wohl-cancer-research-centre","name":"Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow","tldr":"The University of Glasgow's cancer research centre on the Garscube estate, home to Andrew Biankin's pancreatic cancer genomics group and the Precision-Panc programme that ran the PRIMUS trials through NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.","route":"/institutions/wolfson-wohl-cancer-research-centre/","kind":"institution","logo":"/logos/wolfson-wohl-cancer-research-centre.png","avatar":"org","sub":"University of Glasgow · Glasgow, GB","facets":{"kind":["Institution"],"cancers":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"],"year":[]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Institution","tip":"The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked."},"cancers":[{"label":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","href":"/cancers/pancreatic/","tip":"Almost every pancreatic tumour carries a KRAS mutation, and for the first time drugs against it work: daraxonrasib nearly doubled survival in previously treated disease in 2026. Pancreatic cancer has been the hardest common cancer to treat once advanced; that is what is starting to change."}],"tags":[{"label":"research","href":"/tagged/research/","tip":"Every record tagged research."},{"label":"pancreatic","href":"/tagged/pancreatic/","tip":"Every record tagged pancreatic."},{"label":"genomics","href":"/tagged/genomics/","tip":"Every record tagged genomics."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":0}},{"id":"ylst","name":"YLST","tldr":"The Leeds trial that answered the operational questions a national screening programme actually has to answer: who responds, which risk rule to use, what it costs, and whether stopping smoking can be built into the same appointment.","route":"/trials/ylst/","status":"positive","kind":"trial","cancerIcon":"nsclc","sub":"ISRCTN42704678","facets":{"kind":["Trial"],"cancers":["Non-small-cell lung cancer","Lung cancer"],"year":["2025"]},"cols":{"kind":{"facet":"kind","value":"Trial","tip":"Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care."},"cancers":[{"label":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","href":"/cancers/nsclc/","tip":"Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, and ADCs and bispecifics arriving now. Because most cases are still found late, low-dose CT screening is the other half of the story."},{"label":"Lung cancer","href":"/cancers/lung-cancer/","tip":"Lung cancer splits into non-small-cell disease, about 85 percent of it, and small-cell disease, which was 6.6 percent of English cases in 2024 and 9.1 percent of Welsh ones (National Lung Cancer Audit, State of the Nation 2026); the two behave and are treated very differently. Screening, staging and the things both types share are common ground; the rest belongs to each subtype."}],"year":{"facet":"year","value":"2025"},"tags":[{"label":"screening","href":"/tagged/screening/","tip":"Every record tagged screening."},{"label":"lung","href":"/tagged/lung/","tip":"Every record tagged lung."}]},"sortKeys":{"year":2025}}]