{"entity":{"id":"waldenstrom","kind":"cancer","name":"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia","aka":["Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma","WM","LPL","Non-IgM lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma","IgM lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma","Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia","C88.0"],"tldr":"A slow lymphoma that makes an abnormal IgM antibody, causing thick blood, anaemia and nerve damage. Nearly all cases share one mutation (MYD88 L265P), and BTK inhibitors control it for years.","summary":"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is an IgM-secreting lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with MYD88 L265P in ~95% and CXCR4 WHIM-like mutations in ~30-40%, the latter predicting slower BTK-inhibitor response. Symptoms come from marrow infiltration (cytopenias), IgM (hyperviscosity, neuropathy, cryoglobulinaemia, cold agglutinins) and adenopathy. Asymptomatic WM is observed.\n\nTreatment for symptomatic disease is rituximab-based chemo-immunotherapy (bendamustine-rituximab, DRC) or a covalent BTK inhibitor: ibrutinib (first WM approval 2015, iNNOVATE with rituximab), zanubrutinib (ASPEN 2021, fewer cardiac events than ibrutinib) or acalabrutinib. Plasmapheresis treats hyperviscosity before rituximab, which can transiently raise IgM (flare). Relapse options include the alternative class, proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib), venetoclax, pirtobrutinib after covalent BTKi, and transplant in young fit patients. Bing-Neel syndrome (CNS involvement) responds to ibrutinib.\n\nOpen problems: fixed-duration versus indefinite therapy, CXCR4-mutant disease (mavorixafor trials), and transformation to DLBCL.","asOf":"2026-09-08","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldenstr%C3%B6m_macroglobulinemia","links":[{"label":"NCCN Guidelines: WM/LPL","url":"https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1475"},{"label":"IWMF (patient foundation)","url":"https://iwmf.com/"},{"label":"ASPEN (Blood 2020)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020006844"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: helpline services","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/support-you/helpline-services"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: questions to ask your medical team about lymphoma","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/tests-scans-and-lymphoma-staging/questions-ask-your-medical-team-about-lymphoma"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: follow-up after lymphoma treatment","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/follow-after-lymphoma-treatment"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: infections, risk and prevention","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/infections-risk-and-prevention"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: neutropenia (low neutrophils)","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/neutropenia-low-neutrophils"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: cancer-related fatigue","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/cancer-related-fatigue"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: lymphoma, work and you","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/day-day-living/lymphoma-work-and-you"},{"label":"Maggie's: support and information","url":"https://www.maggies.org/support-and-information/"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: active monitoring (watch and wait)","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/lymphoma-treatment/active-monitoring-watch-and-wait"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: the emotional impact of living with lymphoma","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/emotional-impact-living-lymphoma"},{"label":"Macmillan: non-Hodgkin lymphoma","url":"https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma"},{"label":"WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours, 5th edition: lymphoid neoplasms (Alaggio, Leukemia 2022)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01620-2"},{"label":"International Consensus Classification of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms (Campo, Blood 2022)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022015851"}],"tags":["gap-fill","haematologic"],"related":["marginal-zone-lymphoma","follicular-lymphoma","mantle-cell-lymphoma","myd88-l265p","btk-c481s"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":["kinase-inhibitors","monoclonal-antibody","autologous-stem-cell-transplant","palliative-care","psycho-oncology","peer-support-groups","survivorship-care-plan","fertility-preservation","financial-navigation","cbt-fatigue-distress","exercise-during-chemotherapy","multidisciplinary-tumour-board","oncology-nutrition","prehabilitation","cgp","flow-cytometry-mrd","clonality-testing"],"targets":["btk","cd20","cxcr4","bcl2","myd88","cd19"],"drugs":["ibrutinib","zanubrutinib","acalabrutinib","rituximab","bendamustine","bortezomib","carfilzomib","venetoclax","pirtobrutinib","mavorixafor"],"companies":["beone","abbvie","johnson-johnson","astrazeneca"],"institutions":[],"pathways":["inflammation-nfkb","bcr-signalling"],"terms":["ighv-status","histologic-transformation","myd88-l265p","m-protein-free-light-chains","lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait","lymphoma-tx-transplant-role","cancer-related-fatigue","late-effects","febrile-neutropenia","neutropenia","financial-toxicity","central-venous-access","hypogammaglobulinaemia","performance-status","quality-of-life","lymphoma-decision-watch-and-wait","lymphoma-decision-trial","lymphoma-living-indolent-lymphoma","lymphoma-living-infection-years-after","lymphoma-living-fatigue","watchful-waiting","lymphoma-bio-lymphgen","lymphoma-classification-2022","lymphoma-indolent-versus-aggressive"],"trials":["aspen-wm"],"people":["meletios-dimopoulos"],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":["paper-tam-blood"],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Living with Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia: This is orientation from public patient pages, guidelines and the trials themselves, not advice for your case: your own team's instructions and the 24-hour number they gave you come first, and no figure here is a prediction about you. The decision records, the question sets, the first 60 days checklist and the red cards on this page were written from the NHS, Lymphoma Action, Macmillan and Cancer Research UK patient pages, from NICE NG52, NG47, CG151 and NG234, from the NHS Breast Screening Programme protocols and the Green Book, and from the trial reports named beside each figure, all read on 1 October 2026.","Taxonomy. The corpus holds one record for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia, because WHO-HAEM5 treats them as one entity with two subtypes and the IgM subtype is the great majority. The International Consensus Classification names the entity \"lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia)\" in the same breath, and adds that the diagnosis may be made on lymphoplasmacytic aggregates filling less than 10 per cent of a trephine biopsy where clonal B cells and plasma cells are demonstrated, and that MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 testing are strongly encouraged in the work-up."],"group":"haematologic","burden":"About 3-4 per million per year; median age ~70; median survival now exceeds 10 years.","subtypes":["MYD88-mutant, CXCR4-wild-type (~55-60%)","MYD88-mutant, CXCR4-mutant (~30-40%)","MYD88-wild-type (~5%, higher transformation risk)","IgM MGUS and smouldering WM (precursors)","Bing-Neel syndrome (CNS)","IgM lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, which is Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia and is the great majority of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (WHO-HAEM5)","Non-Waldenstrom lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, about 5 per cent: IgG or IgA paraprotein, non-secretory disease, or IgM disease without bone marrow involvement"],"biomarkers":["MYD88 L265P (AS-PCR/NGS)","CXCR4 mutation (S338X and others)","Serum IgM and viscosity","IPSSWM / rIPSSWM","Anti-MAG antibodies (neuropathy)","Cryoglobulins, cold agglutinins"],"standardOfCare":[{"setting":"Asymptomatic","approach":"Observation; treat on symptoms, cytopenias, hyperviscosity or neuropathy, not on IgM level alone.","refs":["active-surveillance"],"guideline":{"version":"IWWM-11 consensus; NCCN Guidelines: WM/LPL","url":"https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1475"}},{"setting":"Symptomatic, first line","approach":"Bendamustine-rituximab or dexamethasone-rituximab-cyclophosphamide for fixed duration; or zanubrutinib / ibrutinib (± rituximab) continuously; plasmapheresis first for hyperviscosity.","refs":["bendamustine","rituximab","zanubrutinib","ibrutinib"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 1 (zanubrutinib, ibrutinib ± rituximab; BR)","version":"NCCN Guidelines: WM/LPL"}},{"setting":"Relapsed","approach":"Switch class (BTKi ↔ chemo-immunotherapy); bortezomib- or carfilzomib-based regimens; venetoclax; pirtobrutinib after covalent BTKi; autologous transplant in selected young patients.","refs":["bortezomib","carfilzomib","venetoclax","pirtobrutinib","autologous-stem-cell-transplant"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 2A","version":"NCCN Guidelines: WM/LPL"}},{"setting":"Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia: what to test before treatment, and why the genotype matters","approach":"A lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma that secretes IgM. Two mutations, found by allele-specific PCR on a marrow aspirate, shape the whole plan. MYD88 L265P is present in more than 90 per cent and predicts response to BTK inhibitors; MYD88 wild-type disease responds much less well to them. CXCR4 mutations, present in about a third, predict slower and shallower responses to ibrutinib and a higher risk of a rise in IgM when treatment starts.\n\nTwo complications need to be looked for because they change the urgency. Hyperviscosity, from a very high IgM, causes headache, blurred vision, nosebleeds and confusion, is confirmed on fundoscopy, and is treated with plasma exchange before anything else. IgM-related peripheral neuropathy, often anti-MAG positive, is a reason to treat even when other criteria are not met, because nerve damage does not reverse.\n\nRituximab causes a transient rise in IgM, an IgM flare, in about half of patients, which can precipitate hyperviscosity; it is therefore held back or given after plasma exchange where the IgM is very high.","refs":["paper-treon-blood","rituximab","ibrutinib","zanubrutinib"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma; ESMO; BSH","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq"}},{"setting":"Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia, first treatment: BTK inhibitor or chemoimmunotherapy","approach":"Treatment is for symptoms, not for a number: anaemia, thrombocytopenia, constitutional symptoms, symptomatic organ or node enlargement, hyperviscosity, neuropathy, cryoglobulinaemia or amyloidosis. An asymptomatic patient is watched.\n\nTwo routes. Fixed-duration chemoimmunotherapy, usually bendamustine with rituximab for four to six cycles, gives deep responses and a treatment-free interval afterwards, and is the preference of many patients and many British units. Continuous BTK inhibition with zanubrutinib or ibrutinib gives high response rates without chemotherapy but is taken indefinitely.\n\nASPEN, the only head-to-head trial, randomised 201 patients with MYD88-mutated disease to zanubrutinib or ibrutinib: the complete or very good partial response rate by independent review was 28.4 against 19.2 per cent, which did not reach statistical significance, but zanubrutinib caused markedly less atrial fibrillation, hypertension, bleeding and diarrhoea. A separate cohort treated MYD88 wild-type disease with zanubrutinib. Where a BTK inhibitor is chosen, zanubrutinib is therefore preferred. Rituximab with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone is an alternative chemoimmunotherapy for patients in whom bendamustine is unsuitable. Proteasome-inhibitor regimens containing bortezomib are used where a rapid response is needed and neuropathy is absent.","refs":["aspen-wm","zanubrutinib","ibrutinib","bendamustine","rituximab","cyclophosphamide","dexamethasone","bortezomib","lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait","paper-tam-blood"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia; ESMO; ASPEN","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq"}},{"setting":"Relapsed Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia","approach":"The choice turns on what was used first and how long the remission lasted. After fixed-duration chemoimmunotherapy with a remission of two years or more, the same regimen can be repeated, or a BTK inhibitor started. After a BTK inhibitor, options are a different BTK inhibitor including the non-covalent pirtobrutinib, venetoclax, which has activity in this disease, proteasome-inhibitor regimens, chemoimmunotherapy if not previously used, and a clinical trial. Autologous transplant is occasionally used in younger patients with chemosensitive disease and multiple relapses. Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is treated as aggressive lymphoma. Plasma exchange remains the immediate treatment for symptomatic hyperviscosity at any point.","refs":["zanubrutinib","ibrutinib","pirtobrutinib","venetoclax","bortezomib","bendamustine","rituximab","autologous-stem-cell-transplant","lymphoma-tx-transplant-role"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia; ESMO","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq"}}],"stateOfArt":["MYD88 L265P (2012) turned WM from a descriptive diagnosis into a genotype and made BTK inhibitors the rational therapy.","Zanubrutinib is the best-tolerated BTK inhibitor in head-to-head comparison (ASPEN) and is the preferred agent in many guidelines.","Median survival now exceeds 10 years; death from WM itself is uncommon in patients under 70.","Fixed-duration BTKi-venetoclax and CXCR4 antagonists are the next questions.","This is the lymphoma with the closest thing to a defining point mutation. Whole-genome sequencing of 30 patients found MYD88 L265P in all 10 with paired normal tissue, and Sanger sequencing found it in 49 of 54 patients and in 91% of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma overall, while it was absent from paired normal tissue, from healthy donor B cells and from most marginal zone lymphoma, myeloma and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.","The mutation works by assembling an IRAK1 and IRAK4 signalling complex without a receptor signal, driving NF-kB, which is the mechanistic reason BTK inhibition works in this disease.","The genotype that matters clinically is a pair. CXCR4 mutations of the WHIM type occur alongside MYD88 and blunt the response to a BTK inhibitor, so the two genes are read together before first treatment rather than separately."],"history":[{"year":1944,"title":"Waldenström describes the syndrome","note":"Two patients with hyperviscosity, bleeding and a large serum globulin.","refs":[]},{"year":2002,"title":"Consensus diagnostic criteria (IWWM-2)","refs":[]},{"year":2012,"title":"MYD88 L265P discovered","note":"Treon et al. (NEJM): whole-genome sequencing finds the mutation in over 90% of WM.","refs":["btk"]},{"year":2014,"title":"CXCR4 WHIM-like mutations","note":"Present in ~30% and associated with BTKi resistance.","refs":["cxcr4"]},{"year":2015,"title":"Ibrutinib: first drug ever approved for WM","refs":["ibrutinib"]},{"year":2018,"title":"iNNOVATE: ibrutinib-rituximab","refs":["ibrutinib","rituximab"]},{"year":2021,"title":"Zanubrutinib approved (ASPEN)","note":"Fewer atrial fibrillation events than ibrutinib.","refs":["zanubrutinib"]}],"pipeline":["pirtobrutinib","venetoclax","zanubrutinib"],"openProblems":["Indefinite BTKi therapy: cost, toxicity and resistance (BTK C481S).","CXCR4-mutant disease responds slower and shallower.","No approved therapy specific to IgM-related neuropathy.","Transformation to DLBCL (5-10%) is the hardest event to treat."],"parent":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma"},"route":"/cancers/waldenstrom/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"follicular-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Follicular lymphoma","route":"/cancers/follicular-lymphoma/"},{"id":"mantle-cell-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Mantle cell lymphoma","route":"/cancers/mantle-cell-lymphoma/"},{"id":"marginal-zone-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Marginal zone lymphoma","route":"/cancers/marginal-zone-lymphoma/"},{"id":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)","route":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/"}],"term":[{"id":"lymphoma-decision-trial","kind":"term","name":"A clinical trial or standard treatment in lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-decision-trial/"},{"id":"btki-bcl2i-resistance-mutations","kind":"term","name":"BTK C481S, PLCG2 and BCL2 G101V resistance mutations","route":"/terms/btki-bcl2i-resistance-mutations/"},{"id":"cancer-related-fatigue","kind":"term","name":"Cancer-related fatigue (tiredness)","route":"/terms/cancer-related-fatigue/"},{"id":"central-venous-access","kind":"term","name":"Central venous access (port, PICC line)","route":"/terms/central-venous-access/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-fatigue","kind":"term","name":"Fatigue after lymphoma treatment, and why it is a symptom to report","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-fatigue/"},{"id":"febrile-neutropenia","kind":"term","name":"Febrile neutropenia","route":"/terms/febrile-neutropenia/"},{"id":"financial-toxicity","kind":"term","name":"Financial toxicity","route":"/terms/financial-toxicity/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-returning-to-work","kind":"term","name":"Going back to work after lymphoma, and the money in the meantime","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-returning-to-work/"},{"id":"histologic-transformation","kind":"term","name":"Histologic transformation","route":"/terms/histologic-transformation/"},{"id":"hypogammaglobulinaemia","kind":"term","name":"Hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection risk after B-cell therapies","route":"/terms/hypogammaglobulinaemia/"},{"id":"ighv-status","kind":"term","name":"IGHV mutational status","route":"/terms/ighv-status/"},{"id":"lymphoma-indolent-versus-aggressive","kind":"term","name":"Indolent and aggressive lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-indolent-versus-aggressive/"},{"id":"late-effects","kind":"term","name":"Late effects and survivorship toxicity","route":"/terms/late-effects/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-indolent-lymphoma","kind":"term","name":"Living with an indolent lymphoma rather than being cured of one","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-indolent-lymphoma/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-infection-years-after","kind":"term","name":"Low antibodies and infection risk for years after anti-CD20 and bispecific antibodies","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-infection-years-after/"},{"id":"lymphoma-bio-lymphgen","kind":"term","name":"LymphGen and the genetic clusters of large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-bio-lymphgen/"},{"id":"m-protein-free-light-chains","kind":"term","name":"M-protein, immunofixation and serum free light chains","route":"/terms/m-protein-free-light-chains/"},{"id":"myd88-l265p","kind":"term","name":"MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 mutations","route":"/terms/myd88-l265p/"},{"id":"neutropenia","kind":"term","name":"Neutropenia","route":"/terms/neutropenia/"},{"id":"performance-status","kind":"term","name":"Performance status (ECOG, Karnofsky)","route":"/terms/performance-status/"},{"id":"quality-of-life","kind":"term","name":"Quality of life","route":"/terms/quality-of-life/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-transplant-role","kind":"term","name":"Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-scanxiety-and-surveillance","kind":"term","name":"The surveillance schedule, and the evidence that routine scans do not find relapse first","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-scanxiety-and-surveillance/"},{"id":"lymphoma-classification-2022","kind":"term","name":"The two lymphoma classifications of 2022 (WHO-HAEM5 and ICC)","route":"/terms/lymphoma-classification-2022/"},{"id":"lymphoma-bio-transformation","kind":"term","name":"Transformation: when a slow lymphoma turns into a fast one","route":"/terms/lymphoma-bio-transformation/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-vaccinations","kind":"term","name":"Vaccinations around lymphoma treatment: the ones to have first, and the ones not to have at all","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-vaccinations/"},{"id":"lymphoma-decision-watch-and-wait","kind":"term","name":"Watch and wait in follicular lymphoma: being told you have cancer and that nobody will treat it","route":"/terms/lymphoma-decision-watch-and-wait/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait","kind":"term","name":"Watch and wait in lymphoma: when the right treatment is none yet","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait/"},{"id":"watchful-waiting","kind":"term","name":"Watchful waiting, and how it differs from active surveillance","route":"/terms/watchful-waiting/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-uk-access","kind":"term","name":"What the NHS in England funds for lymphoma, appraisal by appraisal","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-uk-access/"}],"biomarker":[{"id":"btk-c481s","kind":"biomarker","name":"BTK resistance mutations: C481S, and L528W and T474I after the non-covalent inhibitors","route":"/biomarkers/btk-c481s/"}],"technology":[{"id":"active-surveillance","kind":"technology","name":"Active surveillance","route":"/technologies/active-surveillance/"},{"id":"autologous-stem-cell-transplant","kind":"technology","name":"Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)","route":"/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/"},{"id":"cbt-fatigue-distress","kind":"technology","name":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for fatigue and distress","route":"/technologies/cbt-fatigue-distress/"},{"id":"cgp","kind":"technology","name":"Comprehensive genomic 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cytometry MRD","route":"/technologies/flow-cytometry-mrd/"},{"id":"oncology-nutrition","kind":"technology","name":"Nutrition support and cachexia management","route":"/technologies/oncology-nutrition/"},{"id":"fertility-preservation","kind":"technology","name":"Oncofertility and fertility preservation","route":"/technologies/fertility-preservation/"},{"id":"peer-support-groups","kind":"technology","name":"Peer support and support groups","route":"/technologies/peer-support-groups/"},{"id":"prehabilitation","kind":"technology","name":"Prehabilitation before cancer surgery","route":"/technologies/prehabilitation/"},{"id":"psycho-oncology","kind":"technology","name":"Psycho-oncology and distress screening","route":"/technologies/psycho-oncology/"},{"id":"kinase-inhibitors","kind":"technology","name":"Small-molecule kinase inhibitors","route":"/technologies/kinase-inhibitors/"},{"id":"survivorship-care-plan","kind":"technology","name":"Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance","route":"/technologies/survivorship-care-plan/"}],"target":[{"id":"bcl2","kind":"target","name":"BCL-2","route":"/targets/bcl2/"},{"id":"btk","kind":"target","name":"BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase)","route":"/targets/btk/"},{"id":"cd19","kind":"target","name":"CD19","route":"/targets/cd19/"},{"id":"cd20","kind":"target","name":"CD20","route":"/targets/cd20/"},{"id":"cxcr4","kind":"target","name":"CXCR4","route":"/targets/cxcr4/"},{"id":"hck","kind":"target","name":"HCK kinase","route":"/targets/hck/"},{"id":"myd88","kind":"target","name":"MYD88","route":"/targets/myd88/"}],"drug":[{"id":"acalabrutinib","kind":"drug","name":"Acalabrutinib","route":"/drugs/acalabrutinib/"},{"id":"bendamustine","kind":"drug","name":"Bendamustine","route":"/drugs/bendamustine/"},{"id":"bortezomib","kind":"drug","name":"Bortezomib","route":"/drugs/bortezomib/"},{"id":"carfilzomib","kind":"drug","name":"Carfilzomib","route":"/drugs/carfilzomib/"},{"id":"cladribine","kind":"drug","name":"Cladribine","route":"/drugs/cladribine/"},{"id":"cyclophosphamide","kind":"drug","name":"Cyclophosphamide","route":"/drugs/cyclophosphamide/"},{"id":"dexamethasone","kind":"drug","name":"Dexamethasone","route":"/drugs/dexamethasone/"},{"id":"ibrutinib","kind":"drug","name":"Ibrutinib","route":"/drugs/ibrutinib/"},{"id":"mavorixafor","kind":"drug","name":"Mavorixafor","route":"/drugs/mavorixafor/"},{"id":"pirtobrutinib","kind":"drug","name":"Pirtobrutinib","route":"/drugs/pirtobrutinib/"},{"id":"rituximab","kind":"drug","name":"Rituximab","route":"/drugs/rituximab/"},{"id":"venetoclax","kind":"drug","name":"Venetoclax","route":"/drugs/venetoclax/"},{"id":"zanubrutinib","kind":"drug","name":"Zanubrutinib","route":"/drugs/zanubrutinib/"}],"company":[{"id":"abbvie","kind":"company","name":"AbbVie (incl. 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