{"entity":{"id":"ukctocs","kind":"trial","name":"UKCTOCS","aka":[],"tldr":"The largest screening trial ever run for ovarian cancer found earlier detection but no reduction in deaths, so there is still no recommended screening.","summary":"Over 16 years of follow-up, multimodal screening shifted stage at diagnosis but did not reduce ovarian and tubal cancer deaths by a statistically significant margin (Lancet 2021). It is the central reason no guideline recommends population screening and why effort has moved to risk-reducing salpingectomy and multi-cancer blood tests.","status":"negative","asOf":"2026-09-07","links":[{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00058032","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00058032"},{"label":"Lancet 2021","url":"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00731-5/fulltext"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["ovarian"],"sections":[],"technologies":["ultrasound","mced"],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":["mrc-ctu"],"institutions":["cruk"],"pathways":[],"terms":["ca-125","stage-shift"],"trials":[],"people":["usha-menon"],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"nct":"NCT00058032","phase":"3","setting":"Postmenopausal women aged 50-74: annual multimodal (CA-125 algorithm + ultrasound) or ultrasound screening vs no screening","sponsor":"UCL / MRC / CRUK","result":"No significant reduction in ovarian cancer mortality.","started":"2001-04-17","startedType":"actual","yearReported":2021,"enrolled":202638,"enrolledBasis":"registry","outcomes":[{"endpoint":"Ovarian and tubal cancer mortality reduction (multimodal vs none)","primary":true,"unit":"%","arms":[{"name":"Multimodal screening","value":4,"note":"relative reduction, not significant"}],"source":"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00731-5/fulltext"}]},"route":"/trials/ukctocs/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"ovarian","kind":"cancer","name":"Ovarian cancer","route":"/cancers/ovarian/"}],"technology":[{"id":"mced","kind":"technology","name":"Multi-cancer early detection (MCED)","route":"/technologies/mced/"},{"id":"serum-tumour-markers","kind":"technology","name":"Serum tumour markers: proper use and misuse","route":"/technologies/serum-tumour-markers/"},{"id":"ultrasound","kind":"technology","name":"Ultrasound","route":"/technologies/ultrasound/"}],"company":[{"id":"mrc-ctu","kind":"company","name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL","route":"/companies/mrc-ctu/"}],"institution":[{"id":"cruk","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Research UK","route":"/institutions/cruk/"}],"term":[{"id":"ca-125","kind":"term","name":"CA-125","route":"/terms/ca-125/"},{"id":"stage-shift","kind":"term","name":"Stage shift","route":"/terms/stage-shift/"},{"id":"surrogate-endpoint","kind":"term","name":"Surrogate endpoint","route":"/terms/surrogate-endpoint/"},{"id":"surrogate-validation","kind":"term","name":"Surrogate endpoint validation: which stand-ins have earned trust","route":"/terms/surrogate-validation/"},{"id":"trial-failure-modes","kind":"term","name":"Why trials fail: underpowered, wrong endpoint, control arm drift, subgroup fishing, crossover","route":"/terms/trial-failure-modes/"}],"person":[{"id":"usha-menon","kind":"person","name":"Usha Menon","route":"/people/usha-menon/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-early-detection","kind":"bottleneck","name":"The hardest cancers are found late","route":"/bottlenecks/b-early-detection/"}]}}