{"entity":{"id":"tps","kind":"term","name":"Tumour proportion score (TPS)","aka":[],"tldr":"The PD-L1 score used in lung cancer: the percentage of tumour cells that stain positive.","summary":"The tumour proportion score is the PD-L1 read-out used in non-small-cell lung cancer: the share of tumour cells that stain positive for PD-L1 on the 22C3 assay. A high score supports pembrolizumab or cemiplimab alone, an intermediate score favours chemo-immunotherapy, and a negative score still leaves room for chemo-immunotherapy or CTLA-4-containing regimens such as those tested in POSEIDON. Readers meet TPS in KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-189 and in the pairing of PD-1 blockade with chemotherapy in PD-L1-low disease. It differs from the combined positive score used in breast, gastric and head and neck cancer, which also counts immune cells. Its weakness as a predictor is why the biomarker-validation and immunotherapy-response bottlenecks link to it.","asOf":"2026-09-06","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-L1","links":[{"label":"KEYNOTE-024: pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NEJM 2016)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1606774"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["nsclc"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":["pdl1"],"drugs":["pembrolizumab"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["cps"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"category":"Biomarkers"},"route":"/terms/tps/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"braf-v600e-nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"BRAF V600E-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/braf-v600e-nsclc/"},{"id":"kras-g12c-nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"KRAS G12C-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/kras-g12c-nsclc/"},{"id":"lung-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Lung cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/lung-cancer/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"},{"id":"pdl1-high-nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer without a driver mutation","route":"/cancers/pdl1-high-nsclc/"},{"id":"tnbc","kind":"cancer","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)","route":"/cancers/tnbc/"}],"target":[{"id":"pdl1","kind":"target","name":"PD-L1","route":"/targets/pdl1/"}],"drug":[{"id":"pembrolizumab","kind":"drug","name":"Pembrolizumab","route":"/drugs/pembrolizumab/"}],"term":[{"id":"cps","kind":"term","name":"Combined positive score (CPS)","route":"/terms/cps/"},{"id":"lung-failed-programmes","kind":"term","name":"Lung cancer: the failed and stopped programmes, and why","route":"/terms/lung-failed-programmes/"}],"trial":[{"id":"checkmate-017","kind":"trial","name":"CheckMate 017","route":"/trials/checkmate-017/"},{"id":"checkmate-026","kind":"trial","name":"CheckMate 026","route":"/trials/checkmate-026/"},{"id":"checkmate-057","kind":"trial","name":"CheckMate 057","route":"/trials/checkmate-057/"},{"id":"checkmate-9la","kind":"trial","name":"CheckMate 9LA","route":"/trials/checkmate-9la/"},{"id":"empower-lung-1","kind":"trial","name":"EMPOWER-Lung 1","route":"/trials/empower-lung-1/"},{"id":"impower110","kind":"trial","name":"IMpower110","route":"/trials/impower110/"},{"id":"keynote-010","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-010","route":"/trials/keynote-010/"},{"id":"keynote-024-189","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-024 & KEYNOTE-189","route":"/trials/keynote-024-189/"},{"id":"keynote-042","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-042","route":"/trials/keynote-042/"}],"pairing":[{"id":"pd1-plus-chemo-pdl1-low","kind":"pairing","name":"PD-1 blockade + chemotherapy in PD-L1-low NSCLC","route":"/pairings/pd1-plus-chemo-pdl1-low/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-herbst-impower110-atezolizumab-pd-l1-nejm-2020","kind":"paper","name":"Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of PD-L1-selected patients with NSCLC","route":"/key-papers/paper-herbst-impower110-atezolizumab-pd-l1-nejm-2020/"},{"id":"paper-keynote-001-pembrolizumab-nsclc-nejm-2015","kind":"paper","name":"KEYNOTE-001 (Garon 2015): pembrolizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and the 50% PD-L1 cut-off","route":"/key-papers/paper-keynote-001-pembrolizumab-nsclc-nejm-2015/"},{"id":"paper-keynote-010-lancet-2016","kind":"paper","name":"KEYNOTE-010 (Herbst 2016): pembrolizumab versus docetaxel in previously treated PD-L1-positive lung cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-keynote-010-lancet-2016/"},{"id":"paper-keynote-024-nejm-2016","kind":"paper","name":"KEYNOTE-024: pembrolizumab alone beats chemotherapy in PD-L1-high lung cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-keynote-024-nejm-2016/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-biomarker-validation","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Biomarkers are not validated or standardised","route":"/bottlenecks/b-biomarker-validation/"},{"id":"b-immunotherapy-response","kind":"bottleneck","name":"No one can predict who responds to immunotherapy","route":"/bottlenecks/b-immunotherapy-response/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-bio2-io-biomarker-data-commons","kind":"idea","name":"Pool every immunotherapy trial's biomarker data into one commons","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-io-biomarker-data-commons/"},{"id":"idea-bio2-spatial-signature-cdx","kind":"idea","name":"Turn the map of immune cells inside a tumour into a standardised test","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-spatial-signature-cdx/"}],"biomarker":[{"id":"pd-l1-tps","kind":"biomarker","name":"PD-L1 TPS (tumour proportion score)","route":"/biomarkers/pd-l1-tps/"}]}}