{"entity":{"id":"tox","kind":"target","name":"TOX","aka":["thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box","Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein TOX","KIAA0808","TOX1"],"tldr":"TOX (Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein TOX) is a protein that switches other genes on and off. The public catalogues list it as a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.","summary":"Transcriptional regulator with a major role in neural stem cell commitment and corticogenesis as well as in lymphoid cell development and lymphoid tissue organogenesis. Binds to GC-rich DNA sequences in the proximity of transcription start sites and may alter chromatin structure, modifying access of transcription factors to DNA. During cortical development, controls the neural stem cell pool by inhibiting the switch from proliferative to differentiating progenitors.\n\nCIViC holds 1 clinical evidence item and 0 assertions across 1 variant.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:18988","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:18988"},{"label":"UniProt O94900","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O94900/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 9760","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9760"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000198846","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000198846"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic"],"cancers":["dlbcl"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":["t-cell-exhaustion"],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC holds 1 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"TOX","role":["biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:18988","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:18988","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt O94900","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O94900/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene TOX","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/7728","note":"1 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"distribution":"one-type","specificityNote":"Specificity not established: no corpus medicine is aimed at it and the catalogues give it only the role biomarker; HPA finds the RNA tissue enriched, which says where the protein sits but not whether the tumour differs from normal tissue. HPA TOX: RNA tissue enriched (lymphoid tissue 49 nTPM); blood lineage group enriched (granulocytes 22 nTPM, NK-cells 18 nTPM, T-cells 37 nTPM); high antibody staining in 5 normal tissues; highest cancer staining carcinoid (1 of 4 high). Distribution: 1 cancer family in the corpus carries a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Lymphoma); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (No rule of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts fired.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas TOX tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000198846-TOX/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000198846 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000198846/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:18988","ensembl":"ENSG00000198846","uniprot":"O94900","entrez":"9760","firstDescribed":1998,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Nagase et al, DNA Res, 1998, \"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9872452/","biology":"Transcriptional regulator with a major role in neural stem cell commitment and corticogenesis as well as in lymphoid cell development and lymphoid tissue organogenesis. Binds to GC-rich DNA sequences in the proximity of transcription start sites and may alter chromatin structure, modifying access of transcription factors to DNA. During cortical development, controls the neural stem cell pool by inhibiting the switch from proliferative to differentiating progenitors. Beyond progenitor cells, promotes neurite outgrowth in newborn neurons migrating to reach the cortical plate. May activate or repress critical genes for neural stem cell fate such as SOX2, EOMES and ROBO2. Plays an essential role in the development of lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells, a subset necessary for the formation of secondary lymphoid organs: peripheral lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Location: Nucleus (UniProt). Locus 8q12.1 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: CIViC evidence names this disease"],"targetClass":"transcription","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/tox/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"dlbcl","kind":"cancer","name":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/cancers/dlbcl/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"t-cell-exhaustion","kind":"pathway","name":"T-cell exhaustion","route":"/pathways/t-cell-exhaustion/"}]}}