{"entity":{"id":"tnc","kind":"target","name":"TNC","aka":["tenascin C","Tenascin","MGC167029","DFNA56"],"tldr":"TNC (Tenascin) is a gene that drives cell growth when it is altered. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Bladder & urothelial cancer and 5 more.","summary":"Extracellular matrix protein implicated in guidance of migrating neurons as well as axons during development, synaptic plasticity as well as neuronal regeneration. Promotes neurite outgrowth from cortical neurons grown on a monolayer of astrocytes. Ligand for integrins alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-9/beta-1, alpha-V/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-6.\n\nCIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 1 variant, naming Gemcitabine. IntOGen calls it a driver in 7 cohorts (5 activating, 2 loss-of-function), covering Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, Bladder/Urinary Tract, Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Malignant Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma and others.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:5318","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:5318"},{"label":"UniProt P24821","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P24821/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 3371","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3371"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000041982","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000041982"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","intogen"],"cancers":["pancreatic","adrenocortical","urothelial","non-hodgkin-lymphoma","ovarian","aml","nsclc","neuroblastoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 1 therapies; IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 5 cohorts; IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 2 cohorts; CIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"TNC","role":["drug-target","oncogene-driver","tumour-suppressor","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:5318","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:5318","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P24821","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P24821/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene TNC","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/2822","note":"2 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Pancreatic Cancer (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen TNC","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=TNC","note":"driver in 7 cohorts (Act 5, LoF 2); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"specificity":"tumour-specific","distribution":"many-types","specificityNote":"Tumour-specific alteration: the catalogues call it an oncogene driver (IntOGen cohort analysis finds it activated more often than chance) and a tumour suppressor (IntOGen finds it knocked out more often than chance), so the direction differs between cohorts but the alteration is somatic either way; what a medicine would aim at or exploit is the altered form or its loss, absent from normal cells; no corpus medicine is aimed at it yet. HPA TNC: RNA tissue enhanced (blood vessel 346 nTPM, smooth muscle 447 nTPM); no normal tissue stained high. Distribution: 8 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Bladder & urothelial cancer, Lymphoma, Ovarian cancer, Leukaemia, Lung cancer (all types) and more); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 6 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"UniProt P24821","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P24821/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene TNC","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/2822","note":"2 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Pancreatic Cancer (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen TNC","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=TNC","note":"driver in 7 cohorts (Act 5, LoF 2); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas TNC tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000041982-TNC/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000041982 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000041982/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:5318","ensembl":"ENSG00000041982","uniprot":"P24821","entrez":"3371","firstDescribed":1989,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Gulcher J.R. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 1989, \"An alternatively spliced region of the human hexabrachion contains a repeat of potential N-glycosylation sites\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2466295/","biology":"Extracellular matrix protein implicated in guidance of migrating neurons as well as axons during development, synaptic plasticity as well as neuronal regeneration. Promotes neurite outgrowth from cortical neurons grown on a monolayer of astrocytes. Ligand for integrins alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-9/beta-1, alpha-V/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-6. In tumours, stimulates angiogenesis by elongation, migration and sprouting of endothelial cells. Location: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix (UniProt). Locus 9q33.1 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: CIViC evidence names this disease","Adrenocortical carcinoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (ACC)","Bladder & urothelial cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (BLADDER)","Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (MLYM)","Ovarian cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (OVT)","Acute myeloid leukaemia: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (AML)"],"targetClass":"oncogene","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/tnc/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"aml","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","route":"/cancers/aml/"},{"id":"adrenocortical","kind":"cancer","name":"Adrenocortical carcinoma","route":"/cancers/adrenocortical/"},{"id":"urothelial","kind":"cancer","name":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","route":"/cancers/urothelial/"},{"id":"neuroblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Neuroblastoma (paediatric)","route":"/cancers/neuroblastoma/"},{"id":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)","route":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"},{"id":"ovarian","kind":"cancer","name":"Ovarian cancer","route":"/cancers/ovarian/"},{"id":"pancreatic","kind":"cancer","name":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/pancreatic/"}]}}