{"entity":{"id":"tgfb1","kind":"target","name":"TGFB1","aka":["transforming growth factor beta 1","Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein","TGFbeta","DPD1"],"tldr":"TGFB1 (Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein) is a gene. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, and an approved or late-stage drug is recorded against it. Tied to Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms.","summary":"Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1.\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.62 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes clinical 0.58, affected pathway 0.83, literature 1.00, genetic association 0.16, animal model 0.57).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:11766","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:11766"},{"label":"UniProt P01137","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01137/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 7040","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7040"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000105329","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000105329"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets"],"cancers":["mds","colorectal"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":["tgf-beta","immune-desert-exclusion"],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.92. Evidence tier \"approved-drug\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.","Colorectal cancer: TGF-beta in the stroma, not in the cancer cell, is the central problem of the microsatellite-stable majority. The poor-prognosis mesenchymal subtype's signature genes are expressed by fibroblasts rather than epithelium (Isella 2015); fibroblasts raise the frequency of tumour-initiating cells under TGF-beta and every poor-prognosis subtype shares a TGF-beta-induced stromal programme (Calon 2015); and in mice carrying all four main colorectal mutations, TGF-beta blockade unleashed a cytotoxic T-cell response that prevented metastasis and made liver metastases susceptible to checkpoint blockade (Tauriello 2018)."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"TGFB1","role":["drug-target","immune-checkpoint"],"evidenceTier":"approved-drug","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:11766","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:11766","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P01137","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01137/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000105329","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000105329/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.62; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: myelodysplastic syndrome 0.58 (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"specificity":"broadly-expressed","distribution":"one-type","specificityNote":"Broadly expressed or essential: HPA finds the RNA at low tissue specificity; a medicine acting on the wild-type protein would expose normal tissue too. HPA TGFB1: RNA low tissue specificity; no normal tissue stained high; highest cancer staining liver cancer (1 of 12 high). Distribution: 1 cancer family in the corpus carries a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Myeloid neoplasms); Open Targets associates it with 1 specific cancer type at or above 0.5 (myelodysplastic syndrome). (Rule 7 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas TGFB1 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000105329-TGFB1/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000105329 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000105329/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:11766","ensembl":"ENSG00000105329","uniprot":"P01137","entrez":"7040","firstDescribed":1985,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Derynck et al, Nature, 1985, \"Human transforming growth factor-beta complementary DNA sequence and expression in normal and transformed cells\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3861940/","biology":"Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1. Interaction with LRRC33/NRROS regulates activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia. Interaction with LRRC32/GARP controls activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Interaction with integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8) results in distortion of the Latency-associated peptide chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1. Location: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix; Secreted (UniProt). Locus 19q13.2 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms: Open Targets association 0.58 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MONDO_0018881)"],"targetClass":"other","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/tgfb1/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"colorectal","kind":"cancer","name":"Colorectal cancer","route":"/cancers/colorectal/"},{"id":"mds","kind":"cancer","name":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms (MDS)","route":"/cancers/mds/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"immune-desert-exclusion","kind":"pathway","name":"Cold tumours: immune deserts and exclusion","route":"/pathways/immune-desert-exclusion/"},{"id":"tgf-beta","kind":"pathway","name":"TGF-β signalling","route":"/pathways/tgf-beta/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-calon-stromal-gene-expression-poor-prognosis-colorectal-nat-genet-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Stromal gene expression defines poor-prognosis subtypes in colorectal cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-calon-stromal-gene-expression-poor-prognosis-colorectal-nat-genet-2015/"},{"id":"paper-tauriello-tgfbeta-immune-evasion-colorectal-nature-2018","kind":"paper","name":"TGF-beta drives immune evasion in genetically reconstituted colon cancer metastasis","route":"/key-papers/paper-tauriello-tgfbeta-immune-evasion-colorectal-nature-2018/"},{"id":"paper-cms-guinney-nat-med-2015","kind":"paper","name":"The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-cms-guinney-nat-med-2015/"}],"target":[{"id":"il10","kind":"target","name":"Interleukin-10 (IL10)","route":"/targets/il10/"}],"term":[{"id":"checkpoint","kind":"term","name":"Checkpoint (two meanings)","route":"/terms/checkpoint/"}]}}