{"entity":{"id":"t-cell-engager","kind":"technology","name":"T-cell engagers (bispecific)","aka":[],"tldr":"An off-the-shelf drug that physically links a killer T cell to a cancer cell, forcing the attack.","summary":"Blinatumomab (CD19×CD3, 2014) proved the concept in ALL. Now standard in myeloma (teclistamab, elranatamab, talquetamab, linvoseltamab) and lymphoma (glofitamab, epcoritamab, mosunetuzumab). In solid tumours: tarlatamab (DLL3×CD3) improved survival in SCLC (DeLLphi-304, 2025), tebentafusp (gp100 ImmTAC) in uveal melanoma. Trispecifics, prostate (PSMA, STEAP1 xaluritamig), and GPC3 engagers follow. Cytokine release syndrome is managed with step-up dosing.","status":"approved","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-specific_T-cell_engager","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-specific_T-cell_engager"}],"tags":[],"related":["nk-cell-engagers"],"cancers":["dlbcl","follicular-lymphoma","non-hodgkin-lymphoma"],"sections":["immunotherapy"],"technologies":["bispecific-antibody"],"targets":["cd3","cd19","cd20","bcma","gprc5d","dll3","gp100","psma"],"drugs":["tarlatamab","teclistamab","glofitamab","tebentafusp","blinatumomab"],"companies":["xencor","amunix-pharmaceuticals","cullinan-therapeutics","cytomx-therapeutics","enlaza-therapeutics","harpoon-therapeutics","igm-biosciences","janux-therapeutics","marengo-therapeutics"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["crs"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":["bispecific-antibody"],"notes":["Lymphoma: an engager needs both a target on the tumour and a working T cell in the node, so it is exposed to antigen loss and to T-cell exhaustion at once. That is the argument for using it while the T-cell compartment is still intact rather than after several lines of treatment."],"principle":"One arm binds tumour antigen, the other CD3, forming an artificial immune synapse independent of TCR specificity or MHC.","strengths":["Off-the-shelf, no manufacturing wait","Redirects any T cell"],"limitations":["CRS and neurotoxicity","Short half-life of first-generation formats","Solid tumour antigen sink and exclusion"],"since":2014},"route":"/technologies/t-cell-engager/","neighbours":{"technology":[{"id":"bispecific-antibody","kind":"technology","name":"Bispecific antibodies","route":"/technologies/bispecific-antibody/"},{"id":"nk-cell-engagers","kind":"technology","name":"NK cell engagers","route":"/technologies/nk-cell-engagers/"},{"id":"trispecific-antibodies","kind":"technology","name":"Trispecific antibodies","route":"/technologies/trispecific-antibodies/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"all-leukemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute lymphoblastic 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