{"entity":{"id":"sstr2","kind":"target","name":"Somatostatin receptor 2","aka":[],"tldr":"Somatostatin receptor 2 is a hormone receptor densely present on neuroendocrine tumours, and was the first theranostic target to reach routine care.","summary":"Somatostatin receptor 2 is a G-protein-coupled receptor overexpressed on well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours, which internalise bound somatostatin analogues and so can be both imaged and treated with the same peptide. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET (Netspot) and 177Lu-DOTATATE (Lutathera, NETTER-1 and NETTER-2) established the theranostic paradigm, in which a diagnostic scan selects patients for a matched radioligand. SSTR PET is positive in 80-90% of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours but lower in grade 3, and the receptor is also expressed in meningioma, 30-50% of small-cell lung cancer, and some breast cancers. Alpha-emitting 225Ac-DOTATATE (RYZ101) and 212Pb-DOTAMTATE are in phase 3, testing whether alpha particles outperform beta. The simple version is a hormone receptor that lets doctors see and treat neuroendocrine tumours with the same molecule.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin_receptor_2","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin_receptor_2"}],"tags":["theranostic"],"related":["sstr-pet-expression"],"cancers":["neuroendocrine","sclc"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["alphamedix","cam2029","ga68-dotatate","itm-11","lutathera","octreotide-lanreotide","paltusotine","pasireotide","ryz101"],"companies":["point-biopharma"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"SSTR2","role":[],"sources":[],"specificity":"tumour-associated","distribution":"few-types","specificityNote":"Tumour-associated overexpression or amplification: 1 of 1 label readouts filed under it score protein level or gene copies (Somatostatin receptor expression by PET (SSTR-positive)), so the medicines rely on the tumour carrying more of it than normal tissue. HPA SSTR2: RNA tissue enhanced (brain 18 nTPM); blood lineage lineage enriched (granulocytes 1 nTPM); no normal tissue stained high; highest cancer staining skin cancer (1 of 12 high). Distribution: 2 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Neuroendocrine tumours, Lung cancer (all types)); approvals of single-target medicines aimed at it also list Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma), Thymoma and thymic carcinoma, Brain and spinal cord tumours (all types), not counted; Open Targets associates it with 1 specific cancer type at or above 0.5 (carcinoid tumor). (Rule 3 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Somatostatin receptor expression by PET (SSTR-positive) label threshold","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=72d1a024-00b7-418a-b36e-b2cb48f2ab55","note":"Somatostatin receptor-positive by SSTR imaging"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas SSTR2 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000180616-SSTR2/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas SSTR2 pathology","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000180616-SSTR2/pathology","note":"patients per staining level per cancer type (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000180616 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000180616/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:11331","ensembl":"ENSG00000180616","uniprot":"P30874","entrez":"6752","firstDescribed":1992,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Yamada et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 1992, \"Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1346068/","biology":"G-protein-coupled receptor; also expressed in meningioma, small-cell lung cancer, and some breast cancers.","whereFound":["Neuroendocrine tumours","Meningioma","Small-cell lung cancer (subset)"],"targetClass":"surface-antigen","prevalence":[{"cancerId":"neuroendocrine","pct":"80-90","measure":"SSTR PET positivity (well-differentiated)","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin_receptor_2","note":"Lower in grade 3"},{"cancerId":"sclc","pct":"30-50","measure":"IHC/imaging","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin_receptor_2"}]},"route":"/targets/sstr2/","neighbours":{"biomarker":[{"id":"sstr-pet-expression","kind":"biomarker","name":"Somatostatin receptor expression by PET (SSTR-positive)","route":"/biomarkers/sstr-pet-expression/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"esthesioneuroblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma)","route":"/cancers/esthesioneuroblastoma/"},{"id":"grade-3-net","kind":"cancer","name":"Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour","route":"/cancers/grade-3-net/"},{"id":"hereditary-ppgl","kind":"cancer","name":"Hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (SDHx, VHL, RET, NF1, MAX and TMEM127)","route":"/cancers/hereditary-ppgl/"},{"id":"lung-net","kind":"cancer","name":"Lung neuroendocrine tumours (typical and atypical carcinoid)","route":"/cancers/lung-net/"},{"id":"metastatic-ppgl","kind":"cancer","name":"Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","route":"/cancers/metastatic-ppgl/"},{"id":"multiple-endocrine-neoplasia","kind":"cancer","name":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN1, MEN2, MEN4)","route":"/cancers/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/"},{"id":"neuroendocrine","kind":"cancer","name":"Neuroendocrine tumours","route":"/cancers/neuroendocrine/"},{"id":"pancreatic-net","kind":"cancer","name":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours","route":"/cancers/pancreatic-net/"},{"id":"pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma","kind":"cancer","name":"Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL)","route":"/cancers/pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma/"},{"id":"pituitary-tumours","kind":"cancer","name":"Pituitary tumours (pituitary neuroendocrine tumours) and pituitary carcinoma","route":"/cancers/pituitary-tumours/"},{"id":"small-intestinal-net","kind":"cancer","name":"Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours","route":"/cancers/small-intestinal-net/"},{"id":"sclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/sclc/"}],"drug":[{"id":"itm-11","kind":"drug","name":"177Lu-edotreotide","route":"/drugs/itm-11/"},{"id":"alphamedix","kind":"drug","name":"212Pb-DOTAMTATE","route":"/drugs/alphamedix/"},{"id":"ryz101","kind":"drug","name":"Actinium-225 DOTATATE","route":"/drugs/ryz101/"},{"id":"cam2029","kind":"drug","name":"CAM2029 (octreotide subcutaneous depot)","route":"/drugs/cam2029/"},{"id":"ga68-dotatate","kind":"drug","name":"Gallium-68 DOTATATE (and Cu-64 DOTATATE)","route":"/drugs/ga68-dotatate/"},{"id":"lutathera","kind":"drug","name":"Lutetium-177 dotatate","route":"/drugs/lutathera/"},{"id":"paltusotine","kind":"drug","name":"Paltusotine","route":"/drugs/paltusotine/"},{"id":"pasireotide","kind":"drug","name":"Pasireotide","route":"/drugs/pasireotide/"},{"id":"octreotide-lanreotide","kind":"drug","name":"Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide)","route":"/drugs/octreotide-lanreotide/"}],"company":[{"id":"itm","kind":"company","name":"ITM Isotope Technologies Munich","route":"/companies/itm/"},{"id":"orano-med","kind":"company","name":"Orano Med","route":"/companies/orano-med/"},{"id":"perspective-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Perspective Therapeutics","route":"/companies/perspective-therapeutics/"},{"id":"point-biopharma","kind":"company","name":"POINT Biopharma","route":"/companies/point-biopharma/"},{"id":"radiomedix","kind":"company","name":"RadioMedix","route":"/companies/radiomedix/"}],"technology":[{"id":"auger-electron-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Auger-electron therapy","route":"/technologies/auger-electron-therapy/"},{"id":"lu177-radioligand-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Lutetium-177 radioligand therapy","route":"/technologies/lu177-radioligand-therapy/"},{"id":"prrt","kind":"technology","name":"Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)","route":"/technologies/prrt/"},{"id":"radionuclide-parp-combination","kind":"technology","name":"Radioligand plus DNA-repair inhibitor combinations","route":"/technologies/radionuclide-parp-combination/"},{"id":"radioligand-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Radioligand therapy (beta emitters)","route":"/technologies/radioligand-therapy/"},{"id":"sstr-pet","kind":"technology","name":"Somatostatin receptor PET (68Ga/64Cu-DOTATATE)","route":"/technologies/sstr-pet/"},{"id":"targeted-alpha-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Targeted alpha therapy","route":"/technologies/targeted-alpha-therapy/"}],"trial":[{"id":"compete","kind":"trial","name":"COMPETE","route":"/trials/compete/"},{"id":"netter-1","kind":"trial","name":"NETTER-1","route":"/trials/netter-1/"}],"pairing":[{"id":"sstr-pet-to-prrt","kind":"pairing","name":"SSTR PET → PRRT","route":"/pairings/sstr-pet-to-prrt/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-net-antagonist-ligands","kind":"idea","name":"SSTR antagonist radioligands to increase tumour dose","route":"/ideas/idea-net-antagonist-ligands/"}],"target":[{"id":"drd2","kind":"target","name":"Dopamine D2 receptor","route":"/targets/drd2/"},{"id":"tph1","kind":"target","name":"Tryptophan hydroxylase 1","route":"/targets/tph1/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"molecular-imaging-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Molecular imaging roadmap: FDG → PSMA → FAP → antigen and immune PET","route":"/roadmaps/molecular-imaging-roadmap/"},{"id":"radiopharma-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Radiopharmaceutical roadmap: iodine → lutetium → actinium","route":"/roadmaps/radiopharma-roadmap/"}],"person":[{"id":"emily-bergsland","kind":"person","name":"Emily K. Bergsland","route":"/people/emily-bergsland/"},{"id":"jonathan-strosberg","kind":"person","name":"Jonathan R. Strosberg","route":"/people/jonathan-strosberg/"},{"id":"martyn-caplin","kind":"person","name":"Martyn E. Caplin","route":"/people/martyn-caplin/"},{"id":"simron-singh","kind":"person","name":"Simron Singh","route":"/people/simron-singh/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-netter-2-lancet-2024","kind":"paper","name":"NETTER-2: lutetium-177 dotatate as first treatment for higher-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours","route":"/key-papers/paper-netter-2-lancet-2024/"}],"term":[{"id":"prrt-term","kind":"term","name":"PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy)","route":"/terms/prrt-term/"}],"institution":[{"id":"erasmus-mc","kind":"institution","name":"Erasmus MC Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/erasmus-mc/"},{"id":"iowa-holden","kind":"institution","name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa","route":"/institutions/iowa-holden/"},{"id":"inselspital-bern","kind":"institution","name":"Inselspital, Bern University Hospital / University Cancer Center Inselspital","route":"/institutions/inselspital-bern/"},{"id":"irst-meldola","kind":"institution","name":"IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST)","route":"/institutions/irst-meldola/"},{"id":"uppsala-akademiska","kind":"institution","name":"Uppsala University Hospital / Uppsala University","route":"/institutions/uppsala-akademiska/"}]}}