{"entity":{"id":"robotic-surgery","kind":"technology","name":"Robotic & minimally invasive surgery","aka":[],"tldr":"Surgeons operate through small incisions using robotic arms with tremor-free precision and 3D vision.","summary":"Robotic prostatectomy, hysterectomy, colectomy, and increasingly lung and pancreatic resections. Oncologic equivalence to open surgery is established in most sites (with the notable exception of early cervical cancer, LACC trial). Faster recovery; cost is the trade-off. Intuitive dominates; Medtronic Hugo, CMR Versius, and single-port systems compete.","status":"standard-of-care","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot-assisted_surgery","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot-assisted_surgery"},{"label":"NICE NG131: prostate cancer, diagnosis and management","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng131/chapter/Recommendations"},{"label":"Prostate Cancer UK: urinary problems after prostate cancer treatment","url":"https://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information-and-support/living-with-prostate-cancer/urinary-problems"},{"label":"Donovan et al., patient-reported outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer (NEJM 2016)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1606221"}],"tags":[],"related":["surgical-robot-platforms"],"cancers":["prostate"],"sections":["surgery"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":["intuitive-surgical","monteris-medical","quantum-surgical","xact-robotics","medtronic","cmr-surgical"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["colectomy"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Prostate cancer: NICE NG131 (1.3.17) says commissioners of urology services should consider providing robotic surgery for localised prostate cancer, and (1.3.18) that robotic systems should be based in centres expected to perform at least 150 robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomies a year to be cost effective, which is a fair thing to ask a unit about.","What it costs in continence, from the trial: in ProtecT, absorbent pad use rose from 1 percent before treatment to 46 percent at 6 months after prostatectomy, against 4 percent on active monitoring and 5 percent after radiotherapy; by year 6 it was 17 percent, 8 percent and 4 percent. Over years 7 to 12, leakage requiring pads affected 18 to 24 percent of the prostatectomy group against 9 to 11 percent on monitoring and 3 to 8 percent after radiotherapy.","What it costs in sexual function: 67 percent of men in ProtecT reported erections firm enough for intercourse before treatment; at 6 months this was 12 percent in the prostatectomy group, 22 percent after radiotherapy and 52 percent on monitoring. Surgery recovered to 21 percent at 36 months and fell again to 17 percent at 6 years. At 7 years, 18 percent of the prostatectomy group reported erections sufficient for intercourse against 30 percent on monitoring and 27 percent after radiotherapy, and all three converged to low levels by year 12."],"principle":"Tele-manipulated instruments move with wristed motion through laparoscopic ports.","strengths":["Precision, shorter stay","Enables complex minimally invasive resections"],"limitations":["Cost","Loss of haptic feedback","Not superior for every indication"]},"route":"/technologies/robotic-surgery/","neighbours":{"technology":[{"id":"eras-perioperative-nutrition","kind":"technology","name":"Enhanced recovery (ERAS) and perioperative nutrition","route":"/technologies/eras-perioperative-nutrition/"},{"id":"hipec-pipac-devices","kind":"technology","name":"HIPEC perfusion pumps and PIPAC nebulisers","route":"/technologies/hipec-pipac-devices/"},{"id":"intraoperative-fluorescence-imaging-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Intraoperative fluorescence and Cerenkov 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