{"entity":{"id":"rarg","kind":"target","name":"RARG","aka":["retinoic acid receptor gamma","Retinoic acid receptor gamma","NR1B3","RARgamma","RAR-gamma"],"tldr":"RARG (Retinoic acid receptor gamma) is a protein that switches other genes on and off. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, and an approved or late-stage drug is recorded against it. Tied to Leukaemia, Myeloproliferative neoplasms, Acute myeloid leukaemia and 1 more.","summary":"Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5.\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.64 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.94, animal model 0.75, genetic association 0.18, clinical 0.97).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9866","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9866"},{"label":"UniProt P13631","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P13631/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 5916","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5916"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000172819","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000172819"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets"],"cancers":["leukaemia","myeloproliferative-neoplasms","aml","apl"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.97. Evidence tier \"approved-drug\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"RARG","role":["drug-target"],"evidenceTier":"approved-drug","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9866","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9866","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P13631","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P13631/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000172819","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000172819/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.64; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: acute myeloid leukaemia 0.61, myeloproliferative neoplasm 0.61, leukaemia 0.61, acute promyelocytic leukaemia 0.60 (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"distribution":"few-types","specificityNote":"Specificity not established: no corpus medicine is aimed at it and the catalogues give it only the role drug-target; HPA finds the RNA tissue enhanced, which says where the protein sits but not whether the tumour differs from normal tissue. HPA RARG: RNA tissue enhanced (esophagus 138 nTPM, skin 1 115 nTPM); blood lineage group enriched (dendritic cells 7 nTPM, T-cells 19 nTPM); high antibody staining in 12 normal tissues; highest cancer staining pancreatic cancer (3 of 12 high). Distribution: 2 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Leukaemia, Myeloid neoplasms); Open Targets associates it with 1 specific cancer type at or above 0.5 (acute promyelocytic leukemia). (No rule of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts fired.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas RARG tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000172819-RARG/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000172819 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000172819/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9866","ensembl":"ENSG00000172819","uniprot":"P13631","entrez":"5916","firstDescribed":1989,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Krust et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 1989, \"A third human retinoic acid receptor, hRAR-gamma\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2546152/","biology":"Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors. Required for limb bud development. In concert with RARA or RARB, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function. Location: Nucleus; Cytoplasm (UniProt). Locus 12q13.13 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.61 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059)","Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Open Targets association 0.61 with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MONDO_0020076)","Acute myeloid leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.61 with acute myeloid leukaemia (MONDO_0018874)","Acute promyelocytic leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.60 with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (MONDO_0012883)"],"targetClass":"transcription","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/rarg/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"aml","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","route":"/cancers/aml/"},{"id":"apl","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute promyelocytic leukaemia","route":"/cancers/apl/"},{"id":"leukaemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Leukaemia (all types)","route":"/cancers/leukaemia/"},{"id":"myeloproliferative-neoplasms","kind":"cancer","name":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis)","route":"/cancers/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/"}]}}