{"entity":{"id":"raf1","kind":"target","name":"CRAF (RAF1)","aka":[],"tldr":"CRAF is BRAF's sibling in the growth-signal relay; sorafenib and regorafenib were designed against it, and it is the route by which RAS-mutant tumours escape BRAF-only drugs.","summary":"RAF1 (CRAF) is one of three RAF kinases that pass the signal from RAS to MEK. Sorafenib was originally developed as a CRAF inhibitor before its VEGF receptor activity explained its clinical effect, and regorafenib shares that profile. CRAF matters clinically because RAS-mutant and BRAF-inhibitor-treated tumours signal through CRAF dimers, the basis for pan-RAF inhibitors now in trials.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Raf","links":[{"label":"UniProt P04049: RAF1","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P04049/entry"},{"label":"HGNC:9829 RAF1","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9829"},{"label":"ChEMBL target CHEMBL1906","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/target/CHEMBL1906"}],"tags":[],"related":["braf","mek"],"cancers":["hcc","rcc","colorectal"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["sorafenib","regorafenib"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"RAF1","role":[],"sources":[],"specificity":"lineage-antigen","distribution":"few-types","specificityNote":"Lineage antigen shared with normal granulocytes: HPA finds the gene lineage enriched in that blood lineage, and the 2 medicines aimed at it (Sorafenib, Regorafenib) act on the wild-type protein, so the normal lineage is hit too. HPA RAF1: RNA tissue enhanced (skeletal muscle 163 nTPM); blood lineage lineage enriched (granulocytes 150 nTPM); high antibody staining in 3 normal tissues; highest cancer staining colorectal cancer (1 of 11 high). Distribution: 3 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Hepatocellular carcinoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Colorectal cancer); Open Targets associates it with 4 specific cancer types at or above 0.5 (hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, low grade glioma). (Rule 7 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas RAF1 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000132155-RAF1/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas RAF1 pathology","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000132155-RAF1/pathology","note":"patients per staining level per cancer type (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000132155 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000132155/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9829","ensembl":"ENSG00000132155","uniprot":"P04049","entrez":"5894","firstDescribed":1985,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Bonner T.I. et al, Mol. Cell. Biol, 1985, \"Structure and biological activity of human homologs of the raf/mil oncogene\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2993863/","biology":"Activated by RAS-GTP at the membrane and by dimerisation; it also has kinase-independent roles in blocking apoptosis.","whereFound":["All tissues","Drives MAPK signalling in RAS-mutant tumours and in resistance to BRAF inhibitors"],"targetClass":"kinase","prevalence":[{"cancerId":"metastatic-cancer","pct":"all","measure":"Signalling protein present in most cells (CRAF in the RAS-MAPK relay); drugs act on the pathway rather than on a mutation that selects patients, so no prevalence applies."}]},"route":"/targets/raf1/","neighbours":{"target":[{"id":"braf","kind":"target","name":"BRAF","route":"/targets/braf/"},{"id":"mek","kind":"target","name":"MEK1/2","route":"/targets/mek/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"colorectal","kind":"cancer","name":"Colorectal cancer","route":"/cancers/colorectal/"},{"id":"hcc","kind":"cancer","name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","route":"/cancers/hcc/"},{"id":"rcc","kind":"cancer","name":"Renal cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/rcc/"}],"drug":[{"id":"regorafenib","kind":"drug","name":"Regorafenib","route":"/drugs/regorafenib/"},{"id":"sorafenib","kind":"drug","name":"Sorafenib","route":"/drugs/sorafenib/"}]}}