{"entity":{"id":"radiation","kind":"section","name":"Radiation Therapy","aka":[],"tldr":"Using focused beams or radioactive particles to kill tumour cells while sparing healthy tissue.","summary":"External beam radiation has moved from 2D fields to intensity-modulated, image-guided, stereotactic, and particle (proton, carbon) therapy. Adaptive and MR-guided delivery, ultra-high dose rate FLASH, and combination with immunotherapy are the frontier. Radiopharmaceuticals deliver radiation systemically to a molecular target.","asOf":"2026-09-04","links":[{"label":"NCI: Radiation therapy to treat cancer","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["cancer-radiotherapie","clinical-oncology-rcr","journal-of-medical-imaging-and-radiation-oncology","journal-of-radiation-research","practical-radiation-oncology","radiation-and-environmental-biophysics","radiation-oncology","radiology-and-oncology","seminars-in-radiation-oncology","strahlentherapie-und-onkologie"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"order":5,"icon":"radiation"},"route":"/fronts/radiation/","neighbours":{"journal":[{"id":"cancer-radiotherapie","kind":"journal","name":"Cancer radiothérapie","route":"/journals/cancer-radiotherapie/"},{"id":"clinical-oncology-rcr","kind":"journal","name":"Clinical oncology","route":"/journals/clinical-oncology-rcr/"},{"id":"journal-of-medical-imaging-and-radiation-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology","route":"/journals/journal-of-medical-imaging-and-radiation-oncology/"},{"id":"journal-of-radiation-research","kind":"journal","name":"Journal of radiation research","route":"/journals/journal-of-radiation-research/"},{"id":"practical-radiation-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Practical radiation oncology","route":"/journals/practical-radiation-oncology/"},{"id":"radiation-and-environmental-biophysics","kind":"journal","name":"Radiation and environmental biophysics","route":"/journals/radiation-and-environmental-biophysics/"},{"id":"radiation-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Radiation oncology","route":"/journals/radiation-oncology/"},{"id":"radiology-and-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Radiology and oncology","route":"/journals/radiology-and-oncology/"},{"id":"seminars-in-radiation-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Seminars in radiation oncology","route":"/journals/seminars-in-radiation-oncology/"},{"id":"strahlentherapie-und-onkologie","kind":"journal","name":"Strahlentherapie und Onkologie","route":"/journals/strahlentherapie-und-onkologie/"}],"company":[{"id":"accuray","kind":"company","name":"Accuray","route":"/companies/accuray/"},{"id":"alpha-tau-medical","kind":"company","name":"Alpha Tau Medical","route":"/companies/alpha-tau-medical/"},{"id":"boston-scientific","kind":"company","name":"Boston Scientific","route":"/companies/boston-scientific/"},{"id":"brainlab","kind":"company","name":"Brainlab","route":"/companies/brainlab/"},{"id":"carl-zeiss-meditec","kind":"company","name":"Carl Zeiss Meditec","route":"/companies/carl-zeiss-meditec/"},{"id":"diffusion-pharmaceuticals","kind":"company","name":"Diffusion Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/diffusion-pharmaceuticals/"},{"id":"elekta","kind":"company","name":"Elekta","route":"/companies/elekta/"},{"id":"empyrean-medical-systems","kind":"company","name":"Empyrean Medical Systems","route":"/companies/empyrean-medical-systems/"},{"id":"galera-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Galera Therapeutics","route":"/companies/galera-therapeutics/"},{"id":"gt-medical-technologies","kind":"company","name":"GT Medical Technologies","route":"/companies/gt-medical-technologies/"},{"id":"hitachi","kind":"company","name":"Hitachi (particle therapy)","route":"/companies/hitachi/"},{"id":"iba","kind":"company","name":"IBA (Ion Beam Applications)","route":"/companies/iba/"},{"id":"ielsg","kind":"company","name":"International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group","route":"/companies/ielsg/"},{"id":"intraop-medical","kind":"company","name":"IntraOp Medical","route":"/companies/intraop-medical/"},{"id":"leo-cancer-care","kind":"company","name":"Leo Cancer Care","route":"/companies/leo-cancer-care/"},{"id":"limbus-ai","kind":"company","name":"Limbus AI","route":"/companies/limbus-ai/"},{"id":"mevion","kind":"company","name":"Mevion Medical Systems","route":"/companies/mevion/"},{"id":"mim-software","kind":"company","name":"MIM Software (GE HealthCare)","route":"/companies/mim-software/"},{"id":"mvision-ai","kind":"company","name":"MVision AI","route":"/companies/mvision-ai/"},{"id":"neutron-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Neutron Therapeutics","route":"/companies/neutron-therapeutics/"},{"id":"p-cure","kind":"company","name":"P-Cure","route":"/companies/p-cure/"},{"id":"protom","kind":"company","name":"ProTom International","route":"/companies/protom/"},{"id":"radformation","kind":"company","name":"Radformation","route":"/companies/radformation/"},{"id":"raysearch","kind":"company","name":"RaySearch Laboratories","route":"/companies/raysearch/"},{"id":"reflexion","kind":"company","name":"RefleXion Medical","route":"/companies/reflexion/"},{"id":"siemens-healthineers","kind":"company","name":"Siemens Healthineers","route":"/companies/siemens-healthineers/"},{"id":"sirtex","kind":"company","name":"Sirtex Medical","route":"/companies/sirtex/"},{"id":"soligenix","kind":"company","name":"Soligenix","route":"/companies/soligenix/"},{"id":"sonalasense","kind":"company","name":"SonALAsense","route":"/companies/sonalasense/"},{"id":"sumitomo-heavy-industries","kind":"company","name":"Sumitomo Heavy Industries","route":"/companies/sumitomo-heavy-industries/"},{"id":"sun-nuclear","kind":"company","name":"Sun Nuclear (Mirion)","route":"/companies/sun-nuclear/"},{"id":"tae-life-sciences","kind":"company","name":"TAE Life Sciences","route":"/companies/tae-life-sciences/"},{"id":"therapanacea","kind":"company","name":"TheraPanacea","route":"/companies/therapanacea/"},{"id":"theryq","kind":"company","name":"THERYQ","route":"/companies/theryq/"},{"id":"toshiba-energy-systems","kind":"company","name":"Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions","route":"/companies/toshiba-energy-systems/"},{"id":"trog","kind":"company","name":"TROG Cancer Research","route":"/companies/trog/"},{"id":"varian","kind":"company","name":"Varian (Siemens Healthineers)","route":"/companies/varian/"},{"id":"viewray","kind":"company","name":"ViewRay (MRIdian)","route":"/companies/viewray/"},{"id":"xcision-medical-systems","kind":"company","name":"Xcision Medical Systems","route":"/companies/xcision-medical-systems/"},{"id":"zap-surgical-systems","kind":"company","name":"ZAP Surgical Systems","route":"/companies/zap-surgical-systems/"}],"technology":[{"id":"bnct-accelerator-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Accelerator-based BNCT systems (NeuCure, nuBeam, NeuPex)","route":"/technologies/bnct-accelerator-systems/"},{"id":"acupuncture-xerostomia","kind":"technology","name":"Acupuncture for dry mouth after head and neck radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/acupuncture-xerostomia/"},{"id":"adaptive-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Adaptive radiotherapy (online replanning)","route":"/technologies/adaptive-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"auto-contouring-ai","kind":"technology","name":"AI auto-contouring and adaptive planning","route":"/technologies/auto-contouring-ai/"},{"id":"biology-guided-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Biology-guided radiotherapy (RefleXion X1, SCINTIX)","route":"/technologies/biology-guided-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"bnct","kind":"technology","name":"Boron neutron capture therapy","route":"/technologies/bnct/"},{"id":"bowel-after-pelvic-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Bowel function after pelvic radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/bowel-after-pelvic-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"brachytherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Brachytherapy","route":"/technologies/brachytherapy/"},{"id":"c-arm-linac","kind":"technology","name":"C-arm medical linear accelerators (TrueBeam, Versa HD and others)","route":"/technologies/c-arm-linac/"},{"id":"carbon-ion-synchrotrons","kind":"technology","name":"Carbon-ion synchrotrons and facilities","route":"/technologies/carbon-ion-synchrotrons/"},{"id":"carbon-ion","kind":"technology","name":"Carbon-ion therapy","route":"/technologies/carbon-ion/"},{"id":"cobalt-60-teletherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Cobalt-60 teletherapy","route":"/technologies/cobalt-60-teletherapy/"},{"id":"cyberknife","kind":"technology","name":"CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery","route":"/technologies/cyberknife/"},{"id":"dose-painting","kind":"technology","name":"Dose painting and biologically guided radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/dose-painting/"},{"id":"dry-mouth-teeth-after-head-neck-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Dry mouth, teeth and taste after head and neck radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/dry-mouth-teeth-after-head-neck-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"electron-beam-therapy-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Electron beam therapy systems (linac electrons, total skin electron units, mobile electron IORT)","route":"/technologies/electron-beam-therapy-systems/"},{"id":"flash-rt","kind":"technology","name":"FLASH radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/flash-rt/"},{"id":"flash-research-accelerators","kind":"technology","name":"FLASH research accelerators (Oriatron, Mobetron FLASH, ProBeam FLASH)","route":"/technologies/flash-research-accelerators/"},{"id":"gamma-knife","kind":"technology","name":"Gamma Knife","route":"/technologies/gamma-knife/"},{"id":"glutamine-mucositis-neuropathy","kind":"technology","name":"Glutamine for mucositis and neuropathy","route":"/technologies/glutamine-mucositis-neuropathy/"},{"id":"hdr-brachytherapy","kind":"technology","name":"High-dose-rate brachytherapy","route":"/technologies/hdr-brachytherapy/"},{"id":"honey-radiation-mucositis","kind":"technology","name":"Honey for radiation mucositis","route":"/technologies/honey-radiation-mucositis/"},{"id":"hyperbaric-oxygen-radiation-injury","kind":"technology","name":"Hyperbaric oxygen for late radiation injury","route":"/technologies/hyperbaric-oxygen-radiation-injury/"},{"id":"hyperthermia","kind":"technology","name":"Hyperthermia","route":"/technologies/hyperthermia/"},{"id":"hyperthermia-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Hyperthermia systems (BSD-2000, EHY-2000, superficial and interstitial applicators)","route":"/technologies/hyperthermia-systems/"},{"id":"hypofractionated-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Hypofractionated radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/hypofractionated-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"imrt-igrt","kind":"technology","name":"IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)","route":"/technologies/imrt-igrt/"},{"id":"in-vivo-dosimetry","kind":"technology","name":"In vivo dosimetry and patient-specific quality assurance","route":"/technologies/in-vivo-dosimetry/"},{"id":"in-room-imaging-systems","kind":"technology","name":"In-room imaging for radiotherapy (cone-beam CT, ExacTrac, CT-on-rails, HyperSight)","route":"/technologies/in-room-imaging-systems/"},{"id":"intraoperative-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT)","route":"/technologies/intraoperative-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"knowledge-based-planning","kind":"technology","name":"Knowledge-based and automated treatment planning","route":"/technologies/knowledge-based-planning/"},{"id":"lattice-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Lattice and GRID radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/lattice-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"radiotherapy-equipment-manufacturing","kind":"technology","name":"Linac, proton system and brachytherapy machine manufacturing","route":"/technologies/radiotherapy-equipment-manufacturing/"},{"id":"ldr-seed-brachytherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Low-dose-rate seed brachytherapy","route":"/technologies/ldr-seed-brachytherapy/"},{"id":"magnetic-nanoparticle-hyperthermia","kind":"technology","name":"Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia","route":"/technologies/magnetic-nanoparticle-hyperthermia/"},{"id":"mr-linac","kind":"technology","name":"MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/mr-linac/"},{"id":"oncology-information-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Oncology information and record-and-verify systems (ARIA, MOSAIQ)","route":"/technologies/oncology-information-systems/"},{"id":"palliative-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Palliative radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/palliative-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"patient-positioning-surface-guidance-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Patient positioning and surface guidance systems (AlignRT, Catalyst, ExacTrac Dynamic)","route":"/technologies/patient-positioning-surface-guidance-systems/"},{"id":"intensity-modulated-proton-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Pencil-beam scanning and intensity-modulated proton therapy","route":"/technologies/intensity-modulated-proton-therapy/"},{"id":"photobiomodulation-mucositis","kind":"technology","name":"Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) for oral mucositis","route":"/technologies/photobiomodulation-mucositis/"},{"id":"probiotics-treatment-diarrhoea","kind":"technology","name":"Probiotics for chemotherapy and radiotherapy diarrhoea","route":"/technologies/probiotics-treatment-diarrhoea/"},{"id":"prophylactic-cranial-irradiation","kind":"technology","name":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation vs MRI surveillance","route":"/technologies/prophylactic-cranial-irradiation/"},{"id":"proton-arc-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Proton arc therapy","route":"/technologies/proton-arc-therapy/"},{"id":"proton-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Proton therapy","route":"/technologies/proton-therapy/"},{"id":"proton-therapy-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Proton therapy machines: cyclotrons, synchrotrons and single-room systems","route":"/technologies/proton-therapy-systems/"},{"id":"radiodynamic-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Radiodynamic therapy and radiosensitising nanoparticles","route":"/technologies/radiodynamic-therapy/"},{"id":"radioembolisation-tare","kind":"technology","name":"Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90)","route":"/technologies/radioembolisation-tare/"},{"id":"radiogenomics","kind":"technology","name":"Radiogenomics: predicting radiation sensitivity from genes","route":"/technologies/radiogenomics/"},{"id":"radioiodine-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Radioiodine therapy and whole-body iodine scanning","route":"/technologies/radioiodine-therapy/"},{"id":"radioligand-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Radioligand therapy (beta emitters)","route":"/technologies/radioligand-therapy/"},{"id":"radioprotectors","kind":"technology","name":"Radioprotectors and normal-tissue sparing drugs","route":"/technologies/radioprotectors/"},{"id":"radiosensitisers","kind":"technology","name":"Radiosensitisers","route":"/technologies/radiosensitisers/"},{"id":"radiotherapy-access-gap","kind":"technology","name":"Radiotherapy access and the global machine gap","route":"/technologies/radiotherapy-access-gap/"},{"id":"radiotherapy-qa-phantoms-dosimeters","kind":"technology","name":"Radiotherapy QA phantoms and dosimeters (Sun Nuclear, IBA Dosimetry, PTW)","route":"/technologies/radiotherapy-qa-phantoms-dosimeters/"},{"id":"treatment-planning-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Radiotherapy treatment planning and QA software","route":"/technologies/treatment-planning-systems/"},{"id":"brachytherapy-afterloaders","kind":"technology","name":"Remote afterloaders for HDR brachytherapy","route":"/technologies/brachytherapy-afterloaders/"},{"id":"respiratory-gating-tumour-tracking-systems","kind":"technology","name":"Respiratory gating and tumour tracking systems (RPM, ABC, Calypso, Synchrony)","route":"/technologies/respiratory-gating-tumour-tracking-systems/"},{"id":"respiratory-motion-management","kind":"technology","name":"Respiratory motion management (4D-CT, gating, breath-hold, tracking)","route":"/technologies/respiratory-motion-management/"},{"id":"ring-gantry-linac","kind":"technology","name":"Ring-gantry linacs (Halcyon, Ethos)","route":"/technologies/ring-gantry-linac/"},{"id":"sbrt","kind":"technology","name":"SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)","route":"/technologies/sbrt/"},{"id":"scalp-care-cancer-treatment","kind":"technology","name":"Scalp care during and after cancer treatment","route":"/technologies/scalp-care-cancer-treatment/"},{"id":"radiation-skin-recovery","kind":"technology","name":"Skin during and after radiotherapy: dressings, steroids and what lasts","route":"/technologies/radiation-skin-recovery/"},{"id":"sonodynamic-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Sonodynamic therapy","route":"/technologies/sonodynamic-therapy/"},{"id":"sabr-oligometastases","kind":"technology","name":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligometastatic disease","route":"/technologies/sabr-oligometastases/"},{"id":"radiosurgery-srs","kind":"technology","name":"Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)","route":"/technologies/radiosurgery-srs/"},{"id":"superficial-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Superficial and orthovoltage radiotherapy for skin cancer","route":"/technologies/superficial-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"surface-guided-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT)","route":"/technologies/surface-guided-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"rejuv-rehab-swallowing","kind":"technology","name":"Swallowing therapy around head and neck radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/rejuv-rehab-swallowing/"},{"id":"linear-quadratic-model","kind":"technology","name":"The linear-quadratic model and fractionation","route":"/technologies/linear-quadratic-model/"},{"id":"tomotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"TomoTherapy and Radixact (helical radiotherapy)","route":"/technologies/tomotherapy/"},{"id":"total-body-irradiation","kind":"technology","name":"Total body and total marrow irradiation","route":"/technologies/total-body-irradiation/"},{"id":"total-skin-electron-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Total skin electron beam therapy","route":"/technologies/total-skin-electron-therapy/"},{"id":"tumour-hypoxia-modification","kind":"technology","name":"Tumour hypoxia: imaging and modification","route":"/technologies/tumour-hypoxia-modification/"},{"id":"vhee-radiotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Very-high-energy electron therapy","route":"/technologies/vhee-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"vmat","kind":"technology","name":"Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)","route":"/technologies/vmat/"},{"id":"zap-x","kind":"technology","name":"ZAP-X gyroscopic radiosurgery","route":"/technologies/zap-x/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-espac-1-chemoradiotherapy-chemotherapy-resected-pancreatic-nejm-2004","kind":"paper","name":"A randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-espac-1-chemoradiotherapy-chemotherapy-resected-pancreatic-nejm-2004/"},{"id":"paper-adriatic-nejm-2024","kind":"paper","name":"ADRIATIC: durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-adriatic-nejm-2024/"},{"id":"paper-travis-breast-cancer-after-hodgkin-radiotherapy-jama-2003","kind":"paper","name":"Breast cancer following radiotherapy and chemotherapy among young women with Hodgkin disease","route":"/key-papers/paper-travis-breast-cancer-after-hodgkin-radiotherapy-jama-2003/"},{"id":"paper-van-nimwegen-cardiovascular-disease-after-hodgkin-jama-intern-med-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Cardiovascular disease after Hodgkin lymphoma treatment: 40-year disease risk","route":"/key-papers/paper-van-nimwegen-cardiovascular-disease-after-hodgkin-jama-intern-med-2015/"},{"id":"paper-eortc-h10-pet-adapted-early-hodgkin-jco-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Early positron emission tomography response-adapted treatment in stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-eortc-h10-pet-adapted-early-hodgkin-jco-2017/"},{"id":"paper-spigel-pacific-five-year-survival-jco-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Five-year survival outcomes from the PACIFIC trial: durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-spigel-pacific-five-year-survival-jco-2022/"},{"id":"paper-swedish-rectal-cancer-trial-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-1997","kind":"paper","name":"Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer (Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial)","route":"/key-papers/paper-swedish-rectal-cancer-trial-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-1997/"},{"id":"paper-conroy-prodige-23-neoadjuvant-folfirinox-rectal-lancet-oncol-2021","kind":"paper","name":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX and preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (UNICANCER-PRODIGE 23)","route":"/key-papers/paper-conroy-prodige-23-neoadjuvant-folfirinox-rectal-lancet-oncol-2021/"},{"id":"paper-habr-gama-nonoperative-stage-0-rectal-ann-surg-2004","kind":"paper","name":"Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy: long-term results","route":"/key-papers/paper-habr-gama-nonoperative-stage-0-rectal-ann-surg-2004/"},{"id":"paper-garcia-aguilar-opra-organ-preservation-jco-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Organ preservation in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with total neoadjuvant therapy (OPRA)","route":"/key-papers/paper-garcia-aguilar-opra-organ-preservation-jco-2022/"},{"id":"paper-lu-laura-osimertinib-stage-iii-nejm-2024","kind":"paper","name":"Osimertinib after chemoradiotherapy in stage III EGFR-mutated NSCLC","route":"/key-papers/paper-lu-laura-osimertinib-stage-iii-nejm-2024/"},{"id":"paper-paganetti-proton-rbe-ijrobp-2014","kind":"paper","name":"Paganetti 2014: proton RBE is not a fixed 1.1","route":"/key-papers/paper-paganetti-proton-rbe-ijrobp-2014/"},{"id":"paper-ghsg-hd16-pet-guided-early-favourable-hodgkin-jco-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Positron emission tomography-guided treatment in early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the international, randomized phase III HD16 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group","route":"/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd16-pet-guided-early-favourable-hodgkin-jco-2019/"},{"id":"paper-preopanc-preoperative-chemoradiotherapy-jco-2020","kind":"paper","name":"Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Versus Immediate Surgery for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Results of the Dutch Randomized Phase III PREOPANC Trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-preopanc-preoperative-chemoradiotherapy-jco-2020/"},{"id":"paper-kapiteijn-dutch-tme-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-2001","kind":"paper","name":"Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer (Dutch TME trial)","route":"/key-papers/paper-kapiteijn-dutch-tme-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-2001/"},{"id":"paper-sebag-montefiore-cr07-preoperative-radiotherapy-lancet-2009","kind":"paper","name":"Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016)","route":"/key-papers/paper-sebag-montefiore-cr07-preoperative-radiotherapy-lancet-2009/"},{"id":"paper-auperin-prophylactic-cranial-irradiation-sclc-nejm-1999","kind":"paper","name":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission","route":"/key-papers/paper-auperin-prophylactic-cranial-irradiation-sclc-nejm-1999/"},{"id":"paper-trog-99-03-radiotherapy-systemic-therapy-early-follicular-jco-2018","kind":"paper","name":"Randomized trial of systemic therapy after involved-field radiotherapy in patients with early-stage follicular lymphoma: TROG 99.03","route":"/key-papers/paper-trog-99-03-radiotherapy-systemic-therapy-early-follicular-jco-2018/"},{"id":"paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015/"},{"id":"paper-bahadoer-rapido-short-course-radiotherapy-lancet-oncol-2021","kind":"paper","name":"Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO)","route":"/key-papers/paper-bahadoer-rapido-short-course-radiotherapy-lancet-oncol-2021/"},{"id":"paper-turrisi-twice-daily-thoracic-radiotherapy-limited-sclc-nejm-1999","kind":"paper","name":"Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide","route":"/key-papers/paper-turrisi-twice-daily-thoracic-radiotherapy-limited-sclc-nejm-1999/"}],"person":[{"id":"david-sebag-montefiore","kind":"person","name":"David Sebag-Montefiore","route":"/people/david-sebag-montefiore/"},{"id":"jenny-donovan","kind":"person","name":"Jenny Donovan","route":"/people/jenny-donovan/"},{"id":"nicholas-van-as","kind":"person","name":"Nicholas van As","route":"/people/nicholas-van-as/"}],"trial":[{"id":"chart-lung","kind":"trial","name":"CHART","route":"/trials/chart-lung/"},{"id":"eortc-h10","kind":"trial","name":"EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10","route":"/trials/eortc-h10/"},{"id":"fortplus","kind":"trial","name":"FORTplus","route":"/trials/fortplus/"},{"id":"hd10","kind":"trial","name":"GHSG HD10","route":"/trials/hd10/"},{"id":"hd16","kind":"trial","name":"GHSG HD16","route":"/trials/hd16/"},{"id":"cr07","kind":"trial","name":"MRC CR07","route":"/trials/cr07/"},{"id":"radar-hodgkin","kind":"trial","name":"RADAR","route":"/trials/radar-hodgkin/"},{"id":"star-trec","kind":"trial","name":"STAR-TREC","route":"/trials/star-trec/"},{"id":"trog-99-03","kind":"trial","name":"TROG 99.03","route":"/trials/trog-99-03/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"colorectal-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation","route":"/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/"},{"id":"lung-cancer-evidence-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch","route":"/roadmaps/lung-cancer-evidence-roadmap/"},{"id":"lymphoma-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting","route":"/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/"},{"id":"frontier-2035","kind":"roadmap","name":"Radical oncology: what could change the war by 2035","route":"/roadmaps/frontier-2035/"},{"id":"radiation-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Radiotherapy roadmap: X-rays → shaped beams → fewer fractions, particles and FLASH","route":"/roadmaps/radiation-roadmap/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-acc-pooled-procurement-radiotherapy","kind":"idea","name":"A Gavi-style pooled purchaser for radiotherapy equipment and service","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-pooled-procurement-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"idea-data-radiotherapy-dose-repository","kind":"idea","name":"A national repository of radiotherapy dose plans linked to outcomes","route":"/ideas/idea-data-radiotherapy-dose-repository/"},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-radiotherapy-free-early-hodgkin","kind":"idea","name":"A radiotherapy-free cure for early Hodgkin lymphoma that actually holds","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-radiotherapy-free-early-hodgkin/"},{"id":"idea-tr2-rt-drug-platform","kind":"idea","name":"A standing platform for testing new drugs with radiotherapy","route":"/ideas/idea-tr2-rt-drug-platform/"},{"id":"idea-acc-advanced-practice-radiation-therapists","kind":"idea","name":"Advanced-practice radiation therapists doing contouring and on-treatment reviews","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-advanced-practice-radiation-therapists/"},{"id":"idea-acc-open-hardware-linac","kind":"idea","name":"An open-hardware radiotherapy machine built for unreliable power and dust","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-open-hardware-linac/"},{"id":"idea-acc-frugal-hdr-brachytherapy","kind":"idea","name":"Low-cost cobalt-60 brachytherapy for cervical cancer in every regional centre","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-frugal-hdr-brachytherapy/"},{"id":"idea-acc-hypofractionation-default-lmic","kind":"idea","name":"Make one-week radiotherapy the default in overloaded systems","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-hypofractionation-default-lmic/"},{"id":"idea-prev-omit-radiotherapy-low-risk-breast-default","kind":"idea","name":"Make skipping radiotherapy the default for very low-risk breast cancer","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-omit-radiotherapy-low-risk-breast-default/"},{"id":"idea-lung-brain-metastasis-prevention-as-a-primary-endpoint","kind":"idea","name":"Measure brain metastasis prevention as a primary endpoint, not as a secondary one","route":"/ideas/idea-lung-brain-metastasis-prevention-as-a-primary-endpoint/"},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-late-effects-of-the-treatments-given-now","kind":"idea","name":"Measure the late effects of the treatments being given now, not the ones given in 1975","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-late-effects-of-the-treatments-given-now/"},{"id":"idea-acc-modern-cobalt-bridge","kind":"idea","name":"Modernised cobalt-60 machines as a deliberate bridge where linacs cannot be kept running","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-modern-cobalt-bridge/"},{"id":"idea-acc-remote-medical-physics-qa","kind":"idea","name":"One medical physicist covering many radiotherapy machines through remote quality assurance","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-remote-medical-physics-qa/"},{"id":"idea-cost-hypofractionation-payment","kind":"idea","name":"Pay for a course of radiotherapy, not for each fraction","route":"/ideas/idea-cost-hypofractionation-payment/"},{"id":"idea-acc-linac-uptime-contracts","kind":"idea","name":"Pay for radiotherapy machine uptime, not for the machine","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-linac-uptime-contracts/"},{"id":"idea-crc-organ-preservation-randomised-in-pmmr-rectal","kind":"idea","name":"Randomise organ preservation against surgery in mismatch repair-proficient rectal cancer, with bowel function as a co-primary endpoint","route":"/ideas/idea-crc-organ-preservation-randomised-in-pmmr-rectal/"},{"id":"idea-acc-remote-planning-hubs","kind":"idea","name":"Round-the-clock remote treatment-planning hubs for clinics without physicists","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-remote-planning-hubs/"},{"id":"idea-acc-single-fraction-palliative-radiotherapy-default","kind":"idea","name":"Single-fraction radiotherapy as the default for painful bone metastases","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-single-fraction-palliative-radiotherapy-default/"},{"id":"idea-acc-solar-microgrids-for-cancer-units","kind":"idea","name":"Solar microgrids so radiotherapy, pathology and drug fridges never lose power","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-solar-microgrids-for-cancer-units/"},{"id":"idea-bio2-let-rbe-ab-selects-protons","kind":"idea","name":"Use LET, RBE and alpha/beta to decide when protons beat IMRT","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-let-rbe-ab-selects-protons/"}],"term":[{"id":"brachytherapy-term","kind":"term","name":"Brachytherapy (internal radiotherapy)","route":"/terms/brachytherapy-term/"},{"id":"bragg-peak","kind":"term","name":"Bragg peak","route":"/terms/bragg-peak/"},{"id":"brain-metastases","kind":"term","name":"Brain metastases (intracranial disease)","route":"/terms/brain-metastases/"},{"id":"chemoradiation","kind":"term","name":"Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT)","route":"/terms/chemoradiation/"},{"id":"neoadjuvant-versus-adjuvant-breast","kind":"term","name":"Drugs before or after the operation","route":"/terms/neoadjuvant-versus-adjuvant-breast/"},{"id":"gray-unit","kind":"term","name":"Gray unit (Gy)","route":"/terms/gray-unit/"},{"id":"head-neck-subsites","kind":"term","name":"Head and neck subsites (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx)","route":"/terms/head-neck-subsites/"},{"id":"hypofractionation","kind":"term","name":"Hypofractionation (fewer, larger radiotherapy doses)","route":"/terms/hypofractionation/"},{"id":"imrt-term","kind":"term","name":"IMRT / IGRT / VMAT (modern external beam radiotherapy)","route":"/terms/imrt-term/"},{"id":"radiotherapy-omission-early-breast-cancer","kind":"term","name":"Leaving radiotherapy out","route":"/terms/radiotherapy-omission-early-breast-cancer/"},{"id":"leptomeningeal-disease","kind":"term","name":"Leptomeningeal disease","route":"/terms/leptomeningeal-disease/"},{"id":"limited-extensive-stage","kind":"term","name":"Limited-stage vs extensive-stage (small-cell lung cancer)","route":"/terms/limited-extensive-stage/"},{"id":"linear-energy-transfer","kind":"term","name":"Linear energy transfer (LET)","route":"/terms/linear-energy-transfer/"},{"id":"locally-advanced","kind":"term","name":"Locally advanced and locoregional disease","route":"/terms/locally-advanced/"},{"id":"lumpectomy","kind":"term","name":"Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery)","route":"/terms/lumpectomy/"},{"id":"organ-preservation","kind":"term","name":"Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation)","route":"/terms/organ-preservation/"},{"id":"partial-breast-irradiation","kind":"term","name":"Partial-breast irradiation","route":"/terms/partial-breast-irradiation/"},{"id":"alopecia-radiotherapy-persistent","kind":"term","name":"Persistent radiation-induced alopecia","route":"/terms/alopecia-radiotherapy-persistent/"},{"id":"pci-term","kind":"term","name":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI)","route":"/terms/pci-term/"},{"id":"post-mastectomy-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Radiotherapy after mastectomy","route":"/terms/post-mastectomy-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"re-irradiation","kind":"term","name":"Re-irradiation","route":"/terms/re-irradiation/"},{"id":"relative-biological-effectiveness","kind":"term","name":"Relative biological effectiveness (RBE)","route":"/terms/relative-biological-effectiveness/"},{"id":"second-cancers-after-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Second cancers after radiotherapy","route":"/terms/second-cancers-after-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"sbrt-term","kind":"term","name":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT / SABR)","route":"/terms/sbrt-term/"},{"id":"stereotactic-radiosurgery","kind":"term","name":"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)","route":"/terms/stereotactic-radiosurgery/"},{"id":"total-neoadjuvant-therapy","kind":"term","name":"Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT, rectal cancer)","route":"/terms/total-neoadjuvant-therapy/"},{"id":"tumour-bed-boost","kind":"term","name":"Tumour bed boost","route":"/terms/tumour-bed-boost/"},{"id":"wbrt","kind":"term","name":"Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT)","route":"/terms/wbrt/"}],"pairing":[{"id":"proton-vs-imrt","kind":"pairing","name":"Caution: proton therapy vs IMRT","route":"/pairings/proton-vs-imrt/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-funding-allocation","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Funding follows fashion, not burden","route":"/bottlenecks/b-funding-allocation/"},{"id":"b-global-access","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Most of the world has almost no cancer care","route":"/bottlenecks/b-global-access/"},{"id":"b-surgery-radiation-innovation","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Surgery and radiotherapy cure most, get least","route":"/bottlenecks/b-surgery-radiation-innovation/"}],"institution":[{"id":"aarhus-university-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Aarhus University Hospital","route":"/institutions/aarhus-university-hospital/"},{"id":"aiims-delhi","kind":"institution","name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi","route":"/institutions/aiims-delhi/"},{"id":"astro","kind":"institution","name":"American Society for Radiation Oncology","route":"/institutions/astro/"},{"id":"apollo-hospitals","kind":"institution","name":"Apollo Hospitals (Apollo Cancer Centres)","route":"/institutions/apollo-hospitals/"},{"id":"cancer-care-alberta","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Care Alberta (Alberta Health Services)","route":"/institutions/cancer-care-alberta/"},{"id":"cun-navarra","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra / CIMA","route":"/institutions/cun-navarra/"},{"id":"cancer-institute-adyar","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar","route":"/institutions/cancer-institute-adyar/"},{"id":"centre-antoine-lacassagne","kind":"institution","name":"Centre Antoine Lacassagne","route":"/institutions/centre-antoine-lacassagne/"},{"id":"centre-oscar-lambret","kind":"institution","name":"Centre Oscar Lambret","route":"/institutions/centre-oscar-lambret/"},{"id":"champalimaud","kind":"institution","name":"Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Clinical Centre","route":"/institutions/champalimaud/"},{"id":"chang-gung-memorial-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","route":"/institutions/chang-gung-memorial-hospital/"},{"id":"wits-charlotte-maxeke","kind":"institution","name":"Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital / University of the Witwatersrand","route":"/institutions/wits-charlotte-maxeke/"},{"id":"chris-obrien-lifehouse","kind":"institution","name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse","route":"/institutions/chris-obrien-lifehouse/"},{"id":"ccc-freiburg","kind":"institution","name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF)","route":"/institutions/ccc-freiburg/"},{"id":"ccc-wuerzburg","kind":"institution","name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg","route":"/institutions/ccc-wuerzburg/"},{"id":"ccc-vienna","kind":"institution","name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna / AKH","route":"/institutions/ccc-vienna/"},{"id":"dharmais-cancer-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Dharmais National Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/dharmais-cancer-hospital/"},{"id":"estro","kind":"institution","name":"European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology","route":"/institutions/estro/"},{"id":"esgo","kind":"institution","name":"European Society of Gynaecological Oncology","route":"/institutions/esgo/"},{"id":"falp-chile","kind":"institution","name":"Fundación Arturo López Pérez","route":"/institutions/falp-chile/"},{"id":"groote-schuur-uct","kind":"institution","name":"Groote Schuur Hospital / University of Cape Town","route":"/institutions/groote-schuur-uct/"},{"id":"gunma-heavy-ion-medical-center","kind":"institution","name":"Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center","route":"/institutions/gunma-heavy-ion-medical-center/"},{"id":"hacettepe-cancer-institute","kind":"institution","name":"Hacettepe University Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/hacettepe-cancer-institute/"},{"id":"utsw-simmons","kind":"institution","name":"Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern","route":"/institutions/utsw-simmons/"},{"id":"hcg","kind":"institution","name":"HealthCare Global Enterprises","route":"/institutions/hcg/"},{"id":"hcmc-oncology-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital","route":"/institutions/hcmc-oncology-hospital/"},{"id":"hokkaido-university-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Hokkaido University Hospital","route":"/institutions/hokkaido-university-hospital/"},{"id":"homi-bhabha-cancer-hospital-varanasi","kind":"institution","name":"Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi","route":"/institutions/homi-bhabha-cancer-hospital-varanasi/"},{"id":"la-fe-valencia","kind":"institution","name":"Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe","route":"/institutions/la-fe-valencia/"},{"id":"hunan-cancer-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Hunan Cancer Hospital","route":"/institutions/hunan-cancer-hospital/"},{"id":"institut-national-oncologie-rabat","kind":"institution","name":"Institut National d'Oncologie, Rabat","route":"/institutions/institut-national-oncologie-rabat/"},{"id":"institut-salah-azaiez","kind":"institution","name":"Institut Salah Azaïez","route":"/institutions/institut-salah-azaiez/"},{"id":"onkoloski-institut-ljubljana","kind":"institution","name":"Institute of Oncology Ljubljana","route":"/institutions/onkoloski-institut-ljubljana/"},{"id":"incan-mexico","kind":"institution","name":"Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Mexico)","route":"/institutions/incan-mexico/"},{"id":"inen-peru","kind":"institution","name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas","route":"/institutions/inen-peru/"},{"id":"ipo-porto","kind":"institution","name":"Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil","route":"/institutions/ipo-porto/"},{"id":"iaea","kind":"institution","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency: Rays of Hope","route":"/institutions/iaea/"},{"id":"humanitas","kind":"institution","name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital","route":"/institutions/humanitas/"},{"id":"iscort","kind":"institution","name":"Israel Society of Clinical Oncology and Radiation Therapy","route":"/institutions/iscort/"},{"id":"istanbul-oncology-institute","kind":"institution","name":"Istanbul University Institute of Oncology","route":"/institutions/istanbul-oncology-institute/"},{"id":"juravinski","kind":"institution","name":"Juravinski Cancer Centre / Escarpment Cancer Research Institute","route":"/institutions/juravinski/"},{"id":"kenyatta-national-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Kenyatta National Hospital","route":"/institutions/kenyatta-national-hospital/"},{"id":"kidwai-memorial-institute-of-oncology","kind":"institution","name":"Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology","route":"/institutions/kidwai-memorial-institute-of-oncology/"},{"id":"kfshrc","kind":"institution","name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre","route":"/institutions/kfshrc/"},{"id":"koo-foundation-sun-yat-sen-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/koo-foundation-sun-yat-sen-cancer-center/"},{"id":"korle-bu-teaching-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Korle Bu Teaching Hospital","route":"/institutions/korle-bu-teaching-hospital/"},{"id":"luth-lagos","kind":"institution","name":"Lagos University Teaching Hospital","route":"/institutions/luth-lagos/"},{"id":"leeds-cancer-centre","kind":"institution","name":"Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital","route":"/institutions/leeds-cancer-centre/"},{"id":"nio-warsaw","kind":"institution","name":"Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology","route":"/institutions/nio-warsaw/"},{"id":"mou-brno","kind":"institution","name":"Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/mou-brno/"},{"id":"mayo-clinic-florida","kind":"institution","name":"Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center in Florida","route":"/institutions/mayo-clinic-florida/"},{"id":"ncc-hospital-east","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Center Hospital East","route":"/institutions/ncc-hospital-east/"},{"id":"ncc-korea","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Center Korea","route":"/institutions/ncc-korea/"},{"id":"nccs","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Centre Singapore","route":"/institutions/nccs/"},{"id":"nci-cairo","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Institute, Cairo University","route":"/institutions/nci-cairo/"},{"id":"noi-budapest","kind":"institution","name":"National Institute of Oncology, Hungary","route":"/institutions/noi-budapest/"},{"id":"ntuh","kind":"institution","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","route":"/institutions/ntuh/"},{"id":"nct-dresden","kind":"institution","name":"NCT/UCC Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus","route":"/institutions/nct-dresden/"},{"id":"oneal-uab","kind":"institution","name":"O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB","route":"/institutions/oneal-uab/"},{"id":"ocean-road-cancer-institute","kind":"institution","name":"Ocean Road Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/ocean-road-cancer-institute/"},{"id":"oxford-cancer","kind":"institution","name":"Oxford Cancer (Oxford University Hospitals and University of Oxford)","route":"/institutions/oxford-cancer/"},{"id":"pgimer-chandigarh","kind":"institution","name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh","route":"/institutions/pgimer-chandigarh/"},{"id":"qst-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"QST Hospital (National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology)","route":"/institutions/qst-hospital/"},{"id":"rgci","kind":"institution","name":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre","route":"/institutions/rgci/"},{"id":"royal-adelaide-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital","route":"/institutions/royal-adelaide-hospital/"},{"id":"shandong-cancer-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute","route":"/institutions/shandong-cancer-hospital/"},{"id":"shizuoka-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"Shizuoka Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/shizuoka-cancer-center/"},{"id":"jefferson-kimmel","kind":"institution","name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Jefferson Health","route":"/institutions/jefferson-kimmel/"},{"id":"taipei-veterans-general-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","route":"/institutions/taipei-veterans-general-hospital/"},{"id":"tata-medical-center-kolkata","kind":"institution","name":"Tata Medical Center, Kolkata","route":"/institutions/tata-medical-center-kolkata/"},{"id":"tawam-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Tawam Hospital","route":"/institutions/tawam-hospital/"},{"id":"tel-aviv-university","kind":"institution","name":"Tel Aviv University","route":"/institutions/tel-aviv-university/"},{"id":"aiims-network","kind":"institution","name":"The new AIIMS network (PMSSY)","route":"/institutions/aiims-network/"},{"id":"tmucih","kind":"institution","name":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital","route":"/institutions/tmucih/"},{"id":"umc-utrecht","kind":"institution","name":"UMC Utrecht Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/umc-utrecht/"},{"id":"union-hospital-wuhan","kind":"institution","name":"Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College","route":"/institutions/union-hospital-wuhan/"},{"id":"uclh","kind":"institution","name":"University College London Hospitals / UCL Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/uclh/"},{"id":"uf-health-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"University of Florida Health Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/uf-health-cancer-center/"},{"id":"maryland-greenebaum","kind":"institution","name":"University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/maryland-greenebaum/"},{"id":"uppsala-akademiska","kind":"institution","name":"Uppsala University Hospital / Uppsala University","route":"/institutions/uppsala-akademiska/"},{"id":"uz-leuven","kind":"institution","name":"UZ Leuven / Leuven Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/uz-leuven/"},{"id":"velindre-cardiff","kind":"institution","name":"Velindre Cancer Centre","route":"/institutions/velindre-cardiff/"},{"id":"k-hospital-hanoi","kind":"institution","name":"Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (K Hospital)","route":"/institutions/k-hospital-hanoi/"},{"id":"essen-wtz","kind":"institution","name":"West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen","route":"/institutions/essen-wtz/"},{"id":"zhejiang-cancer-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Zhejiang Cancer Hospital","route":"/institutions/zhejiang-cancer-hospital/"}]}}