{"entity":{"id":"rad51c","kind":"target","name":"RAD51C","aka":["RAD51 paralog C","DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3","RAD51L2","FANCO"],"tldr":"RAD51C (DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3) is a gene. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, a biomarker and a DNA repair gene, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Ovarian cancer, Breast cancer, Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and 2 more.","summary":"Essential for the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. Part of the RAD51 paralog protein complexes BCDX2 and CX3 which act at different stages of the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent HR pathway.\n\nCIViC holds 1 clinical evidence item and 0 assertions across 1 variant, naming Olaparib. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.87 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes genetic literature 0.86, affected pathway 0.81, literature 0.97, genetic association 0.88, somatic mutation 0.96, animal model 0.25).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9820","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9820"},{"label":"UniProt O43502","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O43502/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 5889","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5889"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000108384","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000108384"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","open-targets"],"cancers":["ovarian","breast-cancer","gastric","prostate","melanoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 1 therapies; CIViC holds 1 clinical evidence items on its variants; UniProt keyword \"DNA repair\". Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"RAD51C","role":["drug-target","biomarker","dna-repair"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9820","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9820","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt O43502","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O43502/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene RAD51C","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/4762","note":"1 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Castration-resistant Prostate Carcinoma (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000108384","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000108384/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.87; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: gastric cancer 0.61, ovarian cancer 0.83, melanoma 0.50, breast cancer 0.82 (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"specificity":"germline-variant","distribution":"many-types","specificityNote":"Germline variant: UniProt lists Fanconi anemia complementation group O (FANCO) under involvement in disease, and the record is a DNA repair gene; the medicines linked to it act through the loss (synthetic lethality) or use the variant to pick patients. HPA RAD51C: RNA low tissue specificity; no normal tissue stained high. Distribution: 5 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Ovarian cancer, Breast cancer (all types), Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, Prostate cancer, Skin cancer (all types)); Open Targets associates it with 9 specific cancer types at or above 0.5 (hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome, ovarian cancer, RAD51C-related cancer predisposition, hereditary neoplastic syndrome, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma and more). (Rule 2 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"UniProt O43502","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O43502/entry","note":"involvement in disease"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas RAD51C tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000108384-RAD51C/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000108384 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000108384/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9820","ensembl":"ENSG00000108384","uniprot":"O43502","entrez":"5889","firstDescribed":1998,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Dosanjh M.K. et al, Nucleic Acids Res, 1998, \"Isolation and characterization of RAD51C, a new human member of the RAD51 family of related genes\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9469824/","biology":"Essential for the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. Part of the RAD51 paralog protein complexes BCDX2 and CX3 which act at different stages of the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 seems to act downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment; CX3 seems to act downstream of RAD51 recruitment; both complexes bind predominantly to the intersection of the four duplex arms of the Holliday junction (HJ) and to junction of replication forks. The BCDX2 complex was originally reported to bind single-stranded DNA, single-stranded gaps in duplex DNA and specifically to nicks in duplex DNA. The BCDX2 subcomplex RAD51B:RAD51C exhibits single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity suggesting an involvement in early stages of the HR pathway. Location: Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm, perinuclear region; Mitochondrion (UniProt). Locus 17q22 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Ovarian cancer: Open Targets association 0.83 with ovarian cancer (MONDO_0008170)","Breast cancer: Open Targets association 0.82 with breast cancer (MONDO_0007254)","Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer: Open Targets association 0.61 with gastric cancer (MONDO_0001056)","Prostate cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease","Melanoma: Open Targets association 0.50 with melanoma (MONDO_0005105)"],"targetClass":"other","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/rad51c/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"breast-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Breast cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/breast-cancer/"},{"id":"gastric","kind":"cancer","name":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","route":"/cancers/gastric/"},{"id":"melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Melanoma","route":"/cancers/melanoma/"},{"id":"ovarian","kind":"cancer","name":"Ovarian cancer","route":"/cancers/ovarian/"},{"id":"prostate","kind":"cancer","name":"Prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-couch-tnbc-germline-17-genes-jco-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Inherited mutations in 17 breast cancer susceptibility genes among a large triple-negative breast cancer cohort unselected for family history of breast cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-couch-tnbc-germline-17-genes-jco-2015/"},{"id":"paper-shimelis-tnbc-risk-genes-jnci-2018","kind":"paper","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer risk genes identified by multigene hereditary cancer panel testing","route":"/key-papers/paper-shimelis-tnbc-risk-genes-jnci-2018/"},{"id":"paper-staaf-tnbc-whole-genome-scan-b-nat-med-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Whole-genome sequencing of triple-negative breast cancers in a population-based clinical study","route":"/key-papers/paper-staaf-tnbc-whole-genome-scan-b-nat-med-2019/"}],"biomarker":[{"id":"hrr-gene-mutation","kind":"biomarker","name":"Homologous recombination repair gene mutation in prostate cancer","route":"/biomarkers/hrr-gene-mutation/"}]}}