{"entity":{"id":"r-iss","kind":"term","name":"R-ISS / R2-ISS staging","aka":["ISS","International Staging System","Revised International Staging System","R-ISS stage","ISS stage I","ISS stage II","ISS stage III","R-ISS stage III","beta-2 microglobulin","β2-microglobulin","beta-2-microglobulin","B2M","myeloma staging"],"tldr":"R-ISS is the myeloma staging system, combining blood markers with high-risk chromosome changes to predict outcome.","summary":"Revised International Staging System (2015): β2-microglobulin, albumin, LDH and high-risk FISH (del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16)). R2-ISS (2022) adds 1q gain/amplification and weights factors. Median OS is not reached for stage I and ~4-5 years for stage III in older cohorts; modern quadruplets shift all groups.","asOf":"2026-09-07","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Staging","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Staging"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["multiple-myeloma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"category":"Clinical"},"route":"/terms/r-iss/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"multiple-myeloma","kind":"cancer","name":"Multiple myeloma","route":"/cancers/multiple-myeloma/"},{"id":"myeloma-transplant-eligible","kind":"cancer","name":"Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-eligible","route":"/cancers/myeloma-transplant-eligible/"},{"id":"myeloma-transplant-ineligible","kind":"cancer","name":"Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-ineligible","route":"/cancers/myeloma-transplant-ineligible/"},{"id":"smouldering-myeloma","kind":"cancer","name":"Smouldering multiple myeloma","route":"/cancers/smouldering-myeloma/"}],"person":[{"id":"vincent-rajkumar","kind":"person","name":"S. Vincent Rajkumar","route":"/people/vincent-rajkumar/"}],"collection":[{"id":"mmrf","kind":"collection","name":"Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF)","route":"/collections/mmrf/"}],"term":[{"id":"m-protein-free-light-chains","kind":"term","name":"M-protein, immunofixation and serum free light chains","route":"/terms/m-protein-free-light-chains/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"ubiquitin-proteasome-system","kind":"pathway","name":"Ubiquitin-proteasome system & protein homeostasis","route":"/pathways/ubiquitin-proteasome-system/"}]}}