{"entity":{"id":"prkd1","kind":"target","name":"PRKD1","aka":["protein kinase D1","Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1","PKD1","PKC-mu","PRKCM"],"tldr":"PRKD1 (Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1) is a protein kinase, an enzyme that switches other proteins on by adding phosphate groups. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver and a tumour suppressor, and an approved or late-stage drug is recorded against it. Tied to Leukaemia, Myeloproliferative neoplasms, Colorectal cancer and 4 more.","summary":"Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signalling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell migration, cell differentiation by mediating HDAC7 nuclear export, cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signalling, and plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy, VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, genotoxic-induced apoptosis and flagellin-stimulated inflammatory response. Phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on dual threonine residues, which leads to the suppression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MAPK8/JNK1 activation and subsequent JUN phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RIN1, inducing RIN1 binding to 14-3-3 proteins YWHAB, YWHAE and YWHAZ and increased competition with RAF1 for binding to GTP-bound form of Ras proteins (NRAS, HRAS and KRAS).\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.68 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.95, genetic association 0.41, somatic mutation 0.46, clinical 0.92). IntOGen calls it a driver in 3 cohorts (2 activating, 1 loss-of-function), covering Cholangiocarcinoma, Colorectal Adenocarcinoma, Prostate Adenocarcinoma.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9407","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9407"},{"label":"UniProt Q15139","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q15139/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 5587","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5587"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000184304","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000184304"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["leukaemia","myeloproliferative-neoplasms","colorectal","prostate","systemic-mastocytosis","aml","cholangiocarcinoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.94; IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 2 cohorts; IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 1 cohort. Evidence tier \"approved-drug\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"PRKD1","role":["drug-target","oncogene-driver","tumour-suppressor"],"evidenceTier":"approved-drug","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9407","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9407","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt Q15139","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q15139/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000184304","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000184304/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.68; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: acute myeloid leukaemia 0.60, myeloproliferative neoplasm 0.60, systemic mastocytosis 0.54, leukaemia 0.64 (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen PRKD1","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=PRKD1","note":"driver in 3 cohorts (Act 2, LoF 1); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"specificity":"tumour-specific","distribution":"many-types","specificityNote":"Tumour-specific alteration: the catalogues call it an oncogene driver (IntOGen cohort analysis finds it activated more often than chance) and a tumour suppressor (IntOGen finds it knocked out more often than chance), so the direction differs between cohorts but the alteration is somatic either way; what a medicine would aim at or exploit is the altered form or its loss, absent from normal cells; no corpus medicine is aimed at it yet. HPA PRKD1: RNA low tissue specificity; no normal tissue stained high; highest cancer staining carcinoid (2 of 4 high). Distribution: 5 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Leukaemia, Myeloid neoplasms, Colorectal cancer, Prostate cancer, Biliary tract cancer (all types)); Open Targets associates it with 1 specific cancer type at or above 0.5 (acute myeloid leukemia). (Rule 6 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"UniProt Q15139","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q15139/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"IntOGen PRKD1","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=PRKD1","note":"driver in 3 cohorts (Act 2, LoF 1); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas PRKD1 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000184304-PRKD1/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000184304 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000184304/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9407","ensembl":"ENSG00000184304","uniprot":"Q15139","entrez":"5587","firstDescribed":1994,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Johannes F.-J. et al, J. Biol. Chem, 1994, \"PKCmu is a novel, atypical member of the protein kinase C family\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8119958/","biology":"Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signalling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell migration, cell differentiation by mediating HDAC7 nuclear export, cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signalling, and plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy, VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, genotoxic-induced apoptosis and flagellin-stimulated inflammatory response. Phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on dual threonine residues, which leads to the suppression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MAPK8/JNK1 activation and subsequent JUN phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RIN1, inducing RIN1 binding to 14-3-3 proteins YWHAB, YWHAE and YWHAZ and increased competition with RAF1 for binding to GTP-bound form of Ras proteins (NRAS, HRAS and KRAS). Acts downstream of the heterotrimeric G protein beta/gamma-subunit complex to maintain the structural integrity of the Golgi membranes, and is required for protein transport along the secretory pathway. In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), regulates the fission of transport vesicles that are on their way to the plasma membrane. May act by activating the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (PI4KB) at the TGN for the local synthesis of phosphorylated inositol lipids, which induces a sequential production of DAG, phosphatidic acid (PA) and lyso-PA (LPA) that are necessary for membrane fission and generation of specific transport carriers to the cell surface. Location: Cytoplasm; Cell membrane; Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (UniProt). Locus 14q12 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.64 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059)","Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Open Targets association 0.60 with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MONDO_0020076)","Colorectal cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (COADREAD)","Prostate cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (PRAD)","Systemic mastocytosis: Open Targets association 0.54 with systemic mastocytosis (MONDO_0016586)","Acute myeloid leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.60 with acute myeloid leukaemia (MONDO_0018874)"],"targetClass":"kinase","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/prkd1/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"aml","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","route":"/cancers/aml/"},{"id":"cholangiocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)","route":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/"},{"id":"colorectal","kind":"cancer","name":"Colorectal cancer","route":"/cancers/colorectal/"},{"id":"leukaemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Leukaemia (all types)","route":"/cancers/leukaemia/"},{"id":"myeloproliferative-neoplasms","kind":"cancer","name":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis)","route":"/cancers/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/"},{"id":"prostate","kind":"cancer","name":"Prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate/"},{"id":"systemic-mastocytosis","kind":"cancer","name":"Systemic mastocytosis","route":"/cancers/systemic-mastocytosis/"}]}}