{"entity":{"id":"prkcg","kind":"target","name":"PRKCG","aka":["protein kinase C gamma","Protein kinase C gamma type","MGC57564","PKCγ","SCA14"],"tldr":"PRKCG (Protein kinase C gamma type) is a protein kinase, an enzyme that switches other proteins on by adding phosphate groups. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, and an approved or late-stage drug is recorded against it. Tied to Leukaemia, Myeloproliferative neoplasms, Systemic mastocytosis and 1 more.","summary":"Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing plasma membrane-associated GRIA4 expression. In primary cerebellar neurons treated with the agonist 3,5-dihyidroxyphenylglycine, functions downstream of the metabotropic glutamate receptor GRM5/MGLUR5 and phosphorylates GRIN1/NMDAR1 receptor which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning.\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.59 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.89, animal model 0.47, genetic association 0.00, clinical 0.92).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9402","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9402"},{"label":"UniProt P05129","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P05129/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 5582","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5582"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000126583","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000126583"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets"],"cancers":["leukaemia","myeloproliferative-neoplasms","systemic-mastocytosis","aml"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.94. Evidence tier \"approved-drug\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"PRKCG","role":["drug-target"],"evidenceTier":"approved-drug","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:9402","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9402","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P05129","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P05129/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000126583","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000126583/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.59; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: acute myeloid leukaemia 0.56, myeloproliferative neoplasm 0.56, systemic mastocytosis 0.54, leukaemia 0.57 (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"distribution":"few-types","specificityNote":"Specificity not established: no corpus medicine is aimed at it and the catalogues give it only the role drug-target; HPA finds the RNA tissue enriched, which says where the protein sits but not whether the tumour differs from normal tissue. HPA PRKCG: RNA tissue enriched (brain 50 nTPM); high antibody staining in 2 normal tissues. Distribution: 2 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Leukaemia, Myeloid neoplasms); Open Targets associates it with 1 specific cancer type at or above 0.5 (acute myeloid leukemia). (No rule of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts fired.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas PRKCG tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000126583-PRKCG/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000126583 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000126583/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9402","ensembl":"ENSG00000126583","uniprot":"P05129","entrez":"5582","firstDescribed":1986,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Coussens et al, Science, 1986, \"Multiple, distinct forms of bovine and human protein kinase C suggest diversity in cellular signaling pathways\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3755548/","biology":"Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing plasma membrane-associated GRIA4 expression. In primary cerebellar neurons treated with the agonist 3,5-dihyidroxyphenylglycine, functions downstream of the metabotropic glutamate receptor GRM5/MGLUR5 and phosphorylates GRIN1/NMDAR1 receptor which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. May be involved in the regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), but may be not necessary for the process of synaptic plasticity. May be involved in desensitisation of mu-type opioid receptor-mediated G protein activation in the spinal cord, and may be critical for the development and/or maintenance of morphine-induced reinforcing effects in the limbic forebrain. May modulate the functionality of mu-type-opioid receptors by participating in a signalling pathway which leads to the phosphorylation and degradation of opioid receptors. Location: Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm, perinuclear region; Cell membrane; Synapse, synaptosome (UniProt). Locus 19q13.42 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.57 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059)","Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Open Targets association 0.56 with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MONDO_0020076)","Systemic mastocytosis: Open Targets association 0.54 with systemic mastocytosis (MONDO_0016586)","Acute myeloid leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.56 with acute myeloid leukaemia (MONDO_0018874)"],"targetClass":"kinase","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/prkcg/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"aml","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","route":"/cancers/aml/"},{"id":"leukaemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Leukaemia (all types)","route":"/cancers/leukaemia/"},{"id":"myeloproliferative-neoplasms","kind":"cancer","name":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis)","route":"/cancers/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/"},{"id":"systemic-mastocytosis","kind":"cancer","name":"Systemic mastocytosis","route":"/cancers/systemic-mastocytosis/"}]}}