{"entity":{"id":"primary-cns-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Primary CNS lymphoma","aka":["PCNSL"],"tldr":"Primary CNS lymphoma is a lymphoma confined to the brain, eyes and spinal fluid. Unlike most brain tumours it is chemo-sensitive: high-dose methotrexate-based treatment cures a substantial minority, and consolidation with a stem-cell transplant has replaced whole-brain radiation for the fit.","summary":"PCNSL is almost always a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of activated B-cell type, with near-universal MYD88 L265P and CD79B mutations and 9p24 (PD-L1) gains. It presents with focal deficits or cognitive change; diagnosis needs stereotactic biopsy before steroids, plus eye examination and CSF cytology/flow.\n\nInduction is high-dose methotrexate (≥3 g/m²) combined with cytarabine, thiotepa and rituximab (MATRix, IELSG32) or with temozolomide/procarbazine (R-MPV). Consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous transplant matches or beats whole-brain radiotherapy with far less neurotoxicity (IELSG32, PRECIS), so radiation is reserved for the unfit or as salvage. Older patients receive methotrexate-based regimens with maintenance (temozolomide, lenalidomide or ibrutinib). Relapsed disease responds to ibrutinib, lenalidomide and PD-1 blockade transiently; CD19 CAR-T crosses into the CNS with responses in small series.\n\nThe open problems are neurotoxicity, the elderly majority who cannot receive intensive therapy, and the lack of a randomised standard beyond induction.","asOf":"2026-09-08","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_central_nervous_system_lymphoma","links":[{"label":"IELSG32 long-term (Leukemia 2022)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01582-5"},{"label":"NCCN Guidelines: CNS Cancers","url":"https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1425"},{"label":"NCI PDQ: primary CNS lymphoma","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/primary-cns-lymphoma-treatment-pdq"}],"tags":["gap-fill","haematologic","cns"],"related":["dlbcl","hiv-associated-lymphoma","post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder","primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma","myd88-l265p","cd79b-itam-mutation","lymphoma-roadmap"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant","imrt-igrt","car-t","mri","liquid-biopsy","cgp","histopathology-ihc","clonality-testing"],"targets":["cd20","btk","cd19","cd79b","pd1","myd88","b2m","pdl1"],"drugs":["methotrexate","rituximab","temozolomide","ibrutinib","lenalidomide","nivolumab","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","thiotepa"],"companies":["roche-genentech","abbvie","johnson-johnson","curis"],"institutions":[],"pathways":["bcr-signalling","inflammation-nfkb","antigen-presentation-immunoediting"],"terms":["blood-brain-barrier","cell-of-origin","myd88-l265p","lymphoma-tx-transplant-role","lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy","lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet","lymphoma-tx-cns-prophylaxis","lymphoma-bio-lymphgen","lymphoma-bio-cell-of-origin-in-practice"],"trials":["prima-cns"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":["paper-ferreri-leukemia"],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"group":"central nervous system","burden":"Primary CNS lymphoma affects about 0.5 per 100,000 per year and is ~4% of primary brain tumours, rising in the elderly and in the immunosuppressed.","subtypes":["Immunocompetent PCNSL (DLBCL, ABC type)","AIDS-related / post-transplant PCNSL (EBV-driven)","Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma","Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma"],"biomarkers":["MYD88 L265P and CD79B mutations (tissue and CSF ctDNA)","CSF cytology and flow cytometry","IL-10 in CSF/vitreous","MSKCC and IELSG prognostic scores (age, performance status)","Slit-lamp examination for ocular involvement"],"standardOfCare":[{"setting":"Newly diagnosed, fit (<65-70)","approach":"Rituximab + high-dose methotrexate + cytarabine ± thiotepa (MATRix) ×4, then high-dose thiotepa-based chemotherapy with autologous transplant (IELSG32, IELSG43).","refs":["methotrexate","rituximab","autologous-stem-cell-transplant","ielsg32","ielsg43"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 2A","version":"NCCN Guidelines: CNS Cancers","url":"https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1425"}},{"setting":"Newly diagnosed, older/unfit","approach":"High-dose methotrexate with temozolomide, procarbazine or rituximab (e.g. MT-R, R-MP), then maintenance (temozolomide, lenalidomide) or reduced-dose WBRT; ibrutinib-based induction in trials.","refs":["methotrexate","temozolomide","rituximab","lenalidomide"],"guideline":{"version":"EANO/ESMO PCNSL guideline"}},{"setting":"Relapsed/refractory","approach":"Re-induction with methotrexate if durable first remission; ibrutinib, lenalidomide-rituximab, high-dose chemotherapy/ASCT if not done, WBRT; CD19 CAR-T and PD-1 inhibitors in trials or off-label.","refs":["ibrutinib","lenalidomide","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","nivolumab"]},{"setting":"Primary CNS lymphoma: why R-CHOP fails, and what is given instead","approach":"A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma confined to the brain, spinal cord, eyes or meninges. The drugs that cure it elsewhere do not reach it: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine cross the blood-brain barrier poorly, so R-CHOP produces responses in the body and not in the brain, and trials of it in this disease were abandoned decades ago. Surgery has no therapeutic role beyond biopsy, and debulking does not help. Corticosteroids shrink the tumour dramatically and dissolve the diagnostic material with it, so steroids are withheld until the biopsy is taken wherever the patient is stable enough to wait.\n\nInduction is built around high-dose methotrexate at 3 to 3.5 g per square metre or more, given with leucovorin rescue and urinary alkalinisation, every two to three weeks. MATRix adds cytarabine, thiotepa and rituximab: in the first randomisation of IELSG32 the complete remission rate was 49 per cent with MATRix against 23 per cent with methotrexate and cytarabine alone and 30 per cent with methotrexate, cytarabine and rituximab. Six per cent of patients died of toxicity, so it is for patients fit enough to take it. The contribution of rituximab itself is contested: HOVON 105 randomised it into a methotrexate-based regimen and did not show the benefit that IELSG32's arm B against arm A comparison suggested.","refs":["methotrexate","cytarabine","thiotepa","rituximab","cns-penetration","lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet","intrathecal-therapy","paper-ferreri-leukemia"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN Central Nervous System Cancers; ESMO/EANO; IELSG32, HOVON 105","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/primary-cns-lymphoma-treatment-pdq"}},{"setting":"Consolidation after methotrexate-based induction: transplant against whole-brain radiotherapy","approach":"Induction alone relapses, so responders are consolidated. The two options are thiotepa-based high-dose chemotherapy with an autologous stem cell transplant, or whole-brain radiotherapy, and the choice is dominated by what each does to thinking.\n\nMATRix/IELSG43 randomised consolidation in the largest trial ever run in this disease: three-year progression-free survival was 78 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval 69 to 85) with transplant against 51 per cent (41 to 60) with non-myeloablative R-DeVIC consolidation, hazard ratio 0.43, with overall survival also improved; the cost was more toxicity, a mean of 14.6 against 9.3 adverse events per patient and five against two fatal serious adverse events. In the earlier IELSG32 trial, whole-brain radiotherapy and autologous transplant were similarly effective, and at seven years the difference was cognitive: patients who had whole-brain radiotherapy lost attention and executive function, while those who had transplant improved in those domains, in memory and in quality of life. Seven-year overall survival was 21, 37 and 56 per cent for the three induction arms, and 70 per cent for patients who received MATRix and went on to consolidation.\n\nSo transplant is preferred for patients fit enough. Whole-brain radiotherapy is reserved for those who are not, usually at a reduced dose, and is increasingly deferred to relapse.","refs":["paper-matrix-ielsg43-asct-consolidation-pcnsl-illerhaus-lancet-2026","paper-ferreri-leukemia","autologous-stem-cell-transplant","thiotepa","carmustine","busulfan","lymphoma-tx-transplant-role","lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy","late-effects"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN Central Nervous System Cancers; IELSG32 and IELSG43","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01582-5"}},{"setting":"Primary CNS lymphoma in older or less fit patients, and at relapse","approach":"Age is not by itself a reason to withhold methotrexate: reduced-intensity methotrexate-based combinations, usually with rituximab and an alkylating agent such as procarbazine or temozolomide, are given to patients in their seventies and eighties with attention to renal function, and produce durable remissions in a minority. Whole-brain radiotherapy in older patients carries a high risk of progressive cognitive decline and is generally avoided as first consolidation.\n\nAt relapse the options depend on the interval. Re-treatment with methotrexate is effective in patients who relapse late, and in the seven-year IELSG32 report it was the only salvage that clearly benefited anyone. Other options are high-dose cytarabine with thiotepa and transplant if not already given, whole-brain radiotherapy if not already given, ibrutinib, which crosses into the brain and has single-agent activity, lenalidomide with rituximab, temozolomide, and a clinical trial. Ocular involvement is treated with systemic therapy, often with intravitreal methotrexate or rituximab added.","refs":["methotrexate","rituximab","procarbazine","temozolomide","ibrutinib","lenalidomide","cytarabine","thiotepa","cns-penetration","lymphoma-tx-transplant-role","palliative-care"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN Central Nervous System Cancers; IELSG32 seven-year report","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01582-5"}}],"stateOfArt":["Cure is possible: about half of fit patients treated with MATRix and autologous transplant are alive and disease-free at seven years (IELSG32).","Transplant consolidation has largely replaced whole-brain radiotherapy, avoiding its dementing neurotoxicity.","CSF ctDNA (MYD88 L265P) enables less invasive diagnosis and response monitoring.","BTK inhibition and CD19 CAR-T show CNS penetration and activity, though durability is limited outside transplant.","Primary CNS lymphoma sits almost entirely in one genetic subtype. MYD88 L265P and CD79B mutations co-occur here as they do in the MCD subtype of systemic large B-cell lymphoma and in primary testicular lymphoma, which is why the three are grouped together genetically despite sitting in different organs.","The practical consequence is a pathway that can be reached with a tablet that crosses into the brain: BTK inhibition has activity in this disease, and the mutations are the reason to expect it. No approval in Europe or the United States currently selects treatment on the genotype.","Loss of MHC class I and class II through 6p21 deletion is common, which is one reason this lymphoma survives in a site the immune system polices differently."],"history":[{"year":1980,"title":"High-dose methotrexate shown active in PCNSL","refs":["methotrexate"]},{"year":1992,"title":"Methotrexate before radiotherapy doubles survival (DeAngelis)","refs":["methotrexate"]},{"year":2010,"title":"G-PCNSL-SG-1: omitting WBRT does not shorten survival","note":"Sets the stage for radiation-free strategies.","refs":[]},{"year":2016,"title":"IELSG32: MATRix induction","note":"Adding rituximab and thiotepa to methotrexate-cytarabine improves response and survival.","refs":["rituximab","methotrexate"]},{"year":2017,"title":"Autologous transplant equals WBRT with less neurotoxicity","note":"IELSG32 second randomisation and PRECIS.","refs":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]},{"year":2017,"title":"Ibrutinib active in relapsed PCNSL","refs":["ibrutinib"]},{"year":2022,"title":"IELSG32 7-year update confirms cures","refs":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]}],"pipeline":["ibrutinib","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","lenalidomide","zamtocabtagene-autoleucel"],"openProblems":["Most patients are over 65 and cannot tolerate curative-intent therapy.","Neurocognitive decline from disease and therapy.","No randomised evidence for maintenance strategies.","Vitreoretinal lymphoma relapse and CNS spread."],"parent":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma"},"route":"/cancers/primary-cns-lymphoma/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"brain-tumours","kind":"cancer","name":"Brain and spinal cord tumours (all types)","route":"/cancers/brain-tumours/"},{"id":"burkitt-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Burkitt lymphoma","route":"/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/"},{"id":"dlbcl","kind":"cancer","name":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/cancers/dlbcl/"},{"id":"hiv-associated-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas","route":"/cancers/hiv-associated-lymphoma/"},{"id":"intravascular-large-b-cell-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/cancers/intravascular-large-b-cell-lymphoma/"},{"id":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)","route":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/"},{"id":"post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder","kind":"cancer","name":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)","route":"/cancers/post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder/"},{"id":"primary-testicular-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the testis","route":"/cancers/primary-testicular-lymphoma/"},{"id":"primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/cancers/primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma/"}],"term":[{"id":"lymphoma-decision-trial","kind":"term","name":"A clinical trial or standard treatment in lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-decision-trial/"},{"id":"blood-brain-barrier","kind":"term","name":"Blood-brain barrier (BBB)","route":"/terms/blood-brain-barrier/"},{"id":"cancer-related-fatigue","kind":"term","name":"Cancer-related fatigue (tiredness)","route":"/terms/cancer-related-fatigue/"},{"id":"cell-of-origin","kind":"term","name":"Cell of origin (GCB vs ABC)","route":"/terms/cell-of-origin/"},{"id":"lymphoma-bio-cell-of-origin-in-practice","kind":"term","name":"Cell of origin in practice: Hans against expression profiling, and what it changes","route":"/terms/lymphoma-bio-cell-of-origin-in-practice/"},{"id":"central-venous-access","kind":"term","name":"Central venous access (port, PICC line)","route":"/terms/central-venous-access/"},{"id":"cns-penetration","kind":"term","name":"CNS penetration (brain-penetrant drugs)","route":"/terms/cns-penetration/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-cns-prophylaxis","kind":"term","name":"CNS prophylaxis in aggressive B-cell lymphoma, and the evidence against it","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-cns-prophylaxis/"},{"id":"febrile-neutropenia","kind":"term","name":"Febrile neutropenia","route":"/terms/febrile-neutropenia/"},{"id":"financial-toxicity","kind":"term","name":"Financial toxicity","route":"/terms/financial-toxicity/"},{"id":"intrathecal-therapy","kind":"term","name":"Intrathecal therapy (lumbar puncture, Ommaya reservoir)","route":"/terms/intrathecal-therapy/"},{"id":"late-effects","kind":"term","name":"Late effects and survivorship toxicity","route":"/terms/late-effects/"},{"id":"lymphoma-bio-lymphgen","kind":"term","name":"LymphGen and the genetic clusters of large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-bio-lymphgen/"},{"id":"myd88-l265p","kind":"term","name":"MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 mutations","route":"/terms/myd88-l265p/"},{"id":"neutropenia","kind":"term","name":"Neutropenia","route":"/terms/neutropenia/"},{"id":"lymphoma-nodal-versus-extranodal","kind":"term","name":"Nodal and extranodal lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-nodal-versus-extranodal/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Radiotherapy in lymphoma: involved-site fields, 24 Gy, 4 Gy and total skin electron therapy","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-transplant-role","kind":"term","name":"Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet","kind":"term","name":"The lymphoma regimen alphabet: R-CHOP, pola-R-CHP, DA-EPOCH-R, ABVD, BEACOPP and the rest","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet/"}],"biomarker":[{"id":"cd79b-itam-mutation","kind":"biomarker","name":"CD79B ITAM mutation","route":"/biomarkers/cd79b-itam-mutation/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"lymphoma-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting","route":"/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/"}],"technology":[{"id":"autologous-stem-cell-transplant","kind":"technology","name":"Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)","route":"/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/"},{"id":"car-t","kind":"technology","name":"CAR-T cell therapy","route":"/technologies/car-t/"},{"id":"cgp","kind":"technology","name":"Comprehensive genomic profiling","route":"/technologies/cgp/"},{"id":"palliative-care","kind":"technology","name":"Early integrated palliative care","route":"/technologies/palliative-care/"},{"id":"exercise-during-chemotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Exercise during chemotherapy and radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/exercise-during-chemotherapy/"},{"id":"histopathology-ihc","kind":"technology","name":"Histopathology & immunohistochemistry","route":"/technologies/histopathology-ihc/"},{"id":"clonality-testing","kind":"technology","name":"Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor clonality testing","route":"/technologies/clonality-testing/"},{"id":"imrt-igrt","kind":"technology","name":"IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)","route":"/technologies/imrt-igrt/"},{"id":"liquid-biopsy","kind":"technology","name":"Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)","route":"/technologies/liquid-biopsy/"},{"id":"mri","kind":"technology","name":"MRI","route":"/technologies/mri/"},{"id":"multidisciplinary-tumour-board","kind":"technology","name":"Multidisciplinary tumour boards","route":"/technologies/multidisciplinary-tumour-board/"},{"id":"fertility-preservation","kind":"technology","name":"Oncofertility and fertility preservation","route":"/technologies/fertility-preservation/"},{"id":"peer-support-groups","kind":"technology","name":"Peer support and support groups","route":"/technologies/peer-support-groups/"},{"id":"prehabilitation","kind":"technology","name":"Prehabilitation before cancer surgery","route":"/technologies/prehabilitation/"},{"id":"psycho-oncology","kind":"technology","name":"Psycho-oncology and distress screening","route":"/technologies/psycho-oncology/"},{"id":"survivorship-care-plan","kind":"technology","name":"Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance","route":"/technologies/survivorship-care-plan/"}],"target":[{"id":"b2m","kind":"target","name":"B2M","route":"/targets/b2m/"},{"id":"btk","kind":"target","name":"BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase)","route":"/targets/btk/"},{"id":"cd19","kind":"target","name":"CD19","route":"/targets/cd19/"},{"id":"cd20","kind":"target","name":"CD20","route":"/targets/cd20/"},{"id":"cd79b","kind":"target","name":"CD79b","route":"/targets/cd79b/"},{"id":"dhfr","kind":"target","name":"Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)","route":"/targets/dhfr/"},{"id":"myd88","kind":"target","name":"MYD88","route":"/targets/myd88/"},{"id":"pd1","kind":"target","name":"PD-1","route":"/targets/pd1/"},{"id":"pdl1","kind":"target","name":"PD-L1","route":"/targets/pdl1/"}],"drug":[{"id":"axicabtagene-ciloleucel","kind":"drug","name":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel","route":"/drugs/axicabtagene-ciloleucel/"},{"id":"busulfan","kind":"drug","name":"Busulfan","route":"/drugs/busulfan/"},{"id":"carmustine","kind":"drug","name":"Carmustine","route":"/drugs/carmustine/"},{"id":"cytarabine","kind":"drug","name":"Cytarabine","route":"/drugs/cytarabine/"},{"id":"ibrutinib","kind":"drug","name":"Ibrutinib","route":"/drugs/ibrutinib/"},{"id":"lenalidomide","kind":"drug","name":"Lenalidomide","route":"/drugs/lenalidomide/"},{"id":"methotrexate","kind":"drug","name":"Methotrexate","route":"/drugs/methotrexate/"},{"id":"nivolumab","kind":"drug","name":"Nivolumab","route":"/drugs/nivolumab/"},{"id":"procarbazine","kind":"drug","name":"Procarbazine","route":"/drugs/procarbazine/"},{"id":"rituximab","kind":"drug","name":"Rituximab","route":"/drugs/rituximab/"},{"id":"temozolomide","kind":"drug","name":"Temozolomide","route":"/drugs/temozolomide/"},{"id":"thiotepa","kind":"drug","name":"Thiotepa","route":"/drugs/thiotepa/"},{"id":"zamtocabtagene-autoleucel","kind":"drug","name":"Zamtocabtagene autoleucel","route":"/drugs/zamtocabtagene-autoleucel/"}],"company":[{"id":"abbvie","kind":"company","name":"AbbVie (incl. ImmunoGen, Capstan)","route":"/companies/abbvie/"},{"id":"curis","kind":"company","name":"Curis","route":"/companies/curis/"},{"id":"johnson-johnson","kind":"company","name":"Johnson & Johnson","route":"/companies/johnson-johnson/"},{"id":"miltenyi-biomedicine","kind":"company","name":"Miltenyi Biomedicine","route":"/companies/miltenyi-biomedicine/"},{"id":"roche-genentech","kind":"company","name":"Roche / Genentech","route":"/companies/roche-genentech/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"antigen-presentation-immunoediting","kind":"pathway","name":"Antigen presentation & immune editing","route":"/pathways/antigen-presentation-immunoediting/"},{"id":"bcr-signalling","kind":"pathway","name":"B-cell receptor / BTK signalling (to NF-κB)","route":"/pathways/bcr-signalling/"},{"id":"inflammation-nfkb","kind":"pathway","name":"Inflammation & NF-κB","route":"/pathways/inflammation-nfkb/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct07015242","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lisocabtagene Maraleucel (Liso-cel) as First-Line Therapy in Adults With Transplant-Ineligible Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct07015242/"},{"id":"nct03328078","kind":"trial","name":"CA-4948-101: Open-Label, Dose Escalation and Expansion Trial of Emavusertib (CA-4948) in Relapsed or Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (R/R PCNSL)","route":"/trials/nct03328078/"},{"id":"ielsg32","kind":"trial","name":"IELSG32","route":"/trials/ielsg32/"},{"id":"ielsg43","kind":"trial","name":"MATRix/IELSG43","route":"/trials/ielsg43/"},{"id":"prima-cns","kind":"trial","name":"PRIMA-CNS","route":"/trials/prima-cns/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-wright-lymphgen-genetic-subtypes-dlbcl-cancer-cell-2020","kind":"paper","name":"A probabilistic classification tool for genetic subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma with therapeutic implications","route":"/key-papers/paper-wright-lymphgen-genetic-subtypes-dlbcl-cancer-cell-2020/"},{"id":"paper-ielsg32-matrix-induction-ferreri-lancet-haematol-2016","kind":"paper","name":"IELSG32 first randomisation: the MATRix regimen (methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, rituximab) in primary CNS lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-ielsg32-matrix-induction-ferreri-lancet-haematol-2016/"},{"id":"paper-ielsg32-wbrt-vs-asct-consolidation-ferreri-lancet-haematol-2017","kind":"paper","name":"IELSG32 second randomisation: whole-brain radiotherapy or autologous stem cell transplant as consolidation in primary CNS lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-ielsg32-wbrt-vs-asct-consolidation-ferreri-lancet-haematol-2017/"},{"id":"paper-ferreri-leukemia","kind":"paper","name":"Long-term efficacy, safety and neurotolerability of MATRix regimen followed by autologous transplant in primary CNS lymphoma: 7-year results of the IELSG32 randomized trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-ferreri-leukemia/"},{"id":"paper-matrix-ielsg43-asct-consolidation-pcnsl-illerhaus-lancet-2026","kind":"paper","name":"MATRix/IELSG43: high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant versus non-myeloablative consolidation in primary CNS lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-matrix-ielsg43-asct-consolidation-pcnsl-illerhaus-lancet-2026/"}],"institution":[{"id":"anthony-nolan","kind":"institution","name":"Anthony Nolan","route":"/institutions/anthony-nolan/"},{"id":"blood-cancer-uk","kind":"institution","name":"Blood Cancer UK","route":"/institutions/blood-cancer-uk/"},{"id":"lymphoma-action","kind":"institution","name":"Lymphoma Action","route":"/institutions/lymphoma-action/"}],"person":[{"id":"andres-ferreri","kind":"person","name":"Andrés J. M. Ferreri","route":"/people/andres-ferreri/"},{"id":"benjamin-kasenda","kind":"person","name":"Benjamin Kasenda","route":"/people/benjamin-kasenda/"}],"collection":[{"id":"lymphoma-research-foundation","kind":"collection","name":"Lymphoma Research Foundation (LRF)","route":"/collections/lymphoma-research-foundation/"},{"id":"national-brain-tumor-society","kind":"collection","name":"National Brain Tumor Society (NBTS)","route":"/collections/national-brain-tumor-society/"}],"journal":[{"id":"brain-tumor-pathology","kind":"journal","name":"Brain tumor pathology","route":"/journals/brain-tumor-pathology/"},{"id":"cns-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"CNS oncology","route":"/journals/cns-oncology/"},{"id":"journal-of-neuro-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Journal of neuro-oncology","route":"/journals/journal-of-neuro-oncology/"}]}}