{"entity":{"id":"prevention","kind":"section","name":"Prevention & Risk","aka":[],"tldr":"Stopping cancer from starting: vaccines, germline testing, lifestyle, and preventive drugs or surgery.","summary":"Prevention & Risk is the section about stopping cancer before it starts, through vaccines, germline testing, lifestyle change, and preventive drugs or surgery. Its subjects include HPV and HBV vaccination, testing for hereditary cancer syndromes such as BRCA and Lynch, chemoprevention with tamoxifen or with aspirin in Lynch syndrome, risk-reducing surgery, and population-level control of tobacco and alcohol. It is described here as the most cost-effective part of oncology and the least glamorous. Technologies filed under it include HPV & HBV vaccination, Germline (hereditary) testing, Chemoprevention & risk-reducing surgery, Cancer interception vaccines, Exercise & lifestyle oncology and Systematic drug repurposing, and the people linked to it are Harald zur Hausen and Semir Beyaz.","asOf":"2026-09-04","links":[{"label":"NCI: Cancer causes and prevention","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["asian-pacific-journal-of-cancer-prevention","cancer-causes-and-control","cancer-epidemiology","cancer-epidemiology-biomarkers-prevention","cancer-prevention-research","european-journal-of-cancer-prevention","journal-of-environmental-pathology-toxicology-and-oncology"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"order":17,"icon":"umbrella"},"route":"/fronts/prevention/","neighbours":{"journal":[{"id":"asian-pacific-journal-of-cancer-prevention","kind":"journal","name":"Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention","route":"/journals/asian-pacific-journal-of-cancer-prevention/"},{"id":"cancer-causes-and-control","kind":"journal","name":"Cancer causes & control","route":"/journals/cancer-causes-and-control/"},{"id":"cancer-epidemiology","kind":"journal","name":"Cancer epidemiology","route":"/journals/cancer-epidemiology/"},{"id":"cancer-epidemiology-biomarkers-prevention","kind":"journal","name":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention","route":"/journals/cancer-epidemiology-biomarkers-prevention/"},{"id":"cancer-prevention-research","kind":"journal","name":"Cancer prevention research","route":"/journals/cancer-prevention-research/"},{"id":"european-journal-of-cancer-prevention","kind":"journal","name":"European journal of cancer prevention","route":"/journals/european-journal-of-cancer-prevention/"},{"id":"journal-of-environmental-pathology-toxicology-and-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology","route":"/journals/journal-of-environmental-pathology-toxicology-and-oncology/"}],"technology":[{"id":"alcohol-reduction-labelling","kind":"technology","name":"Alcohol reduction, pricing and cancer warning labels","route":"/technologies/alcohol-reduction-labelling/"},{"id":"aspirin-cancer-prevention","kind":"technology","name":"Aspirin for cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy","route":"/technologies/aspirin-cancer-prevention/"},{"id":"bariatric-surgery-cancer-incidence","kind":"technology","name":"Bariatric surgery and cancer incidence","route":"/technologies/bariatric-surgery-cancer-incidence/"},{"id":"interception-vaccination","kind":"technology","name":"Cancer interception vaccines","route":"/technologies/interception-vaccination/"},{"id":"cancer-registries-surveillance","kind":"technology","name":"Cancer registries and population surveillance","route":"/technologies/cancer-registries-surveillance/"},{"id":"chemoprevention","kind":"technology","name":"Chemoprevention & risk-reducing surgery","route":"/technologies/chemoprevention/"},{"id":"coffee-intake-cancer","kind":"technology","name":"Coffee and tea intake","route":"/technologies/coffee-intake-cancer/"},{"id":"exercise-oncology","kind":"technology","name":"Exercise & lifestyle oncology","route":"/technologies/exercise-oncology/"},{"id":"germline-testing","kind":"technology","name":"Germline (hereditary) testing","route":"/technologies/germline-testing/"},{"id":"global-oncology-access","kind":"technology","name":"Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries","route":"/technologies/global-oncology-access/"},{"id":"glp1-agonists-cancer-risk","kind":"technology","name":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and obesity-related cancer risk","route":"/technologies/glp1-agonists-cancer-risk/"},{"id":"green-tea-egcg","kind":"technology","name":"Green tea and EGCG extracts","route":"/technologies/green-tea-egcg/"},{"id":"hpv-vaccine","kind":"technology","name":"HPV & HBV vaccination","route":"/technologies/hpv-vaccine/"},{"id":"mediterranean-plant-forward-diet","kind":"technology","name":"Mediterranean and plant-forward dietary patterns","route":"/technologies/mediterranean-plant-forward-diet/"},{"id":"oral-visual-screening","kind":"technology","name":"Oral cancer visual screening","route":"/technologies/oral-visual-screening/"},{"id":"polygenic-risk-scores","kind":"technology","name":"Polygenic risk scores for cancer","route":"/technologies/polygenic-risk-scores/"},{"id":"red-processed-meat-reduction","kind":"technology","name":"Red and processed meat reduction","route":"/technologies/red-processed-meat-reduction/"},{"id":"risk-reducing-salpingectomy","kind":"technology","name":"Risk-reducing and opportunistic salpingectomy","route":"/technologies/risk-reducing-salpingectomy/"},{"id":"skin-cancer-screening","kind":"technology","name":"Skin cancer screening (visual skin examination)","route":"/technologies/skin-cancer-screening/"},{"id":"smoking-cessation-after-diagnosis","kind":"technology","name":"Smoking cessation in cancer patients","route":"/technologies/smoking-cessation-after-diagnosis/"},{"id":"soy-breast-cancer","kind":"technology","name":"Soy foods and breast cancer","route":"/technologies/soy-breast-cancer/"},{"id":"drug-repurposing","kind":"technology","name":"Systematic drug repurposing","route":"/technologies/drug-repurposing/"},{"id":"precancer-ablation","kind":"technology","name":"Thermal ablation and cryotherapy for cervical precancer","route":"/technologies/precancer-ablation/"},{"id":"time-restricted-eating","kind":"technology","name":"Time-restricted eating in cancer prevention and survivorship","route":"/technologies/time-restricted-eating/"},{"id":"trained-innate-immunity","kind":"technology","name":"Trained innate immunity","route":"/technologies/trained-innate-immunity/"},{"id":"ultra-processed-food-ssb","kind":"technology","name":"Ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened drinks","route":"/technologies/ultra-processed-food-ssb/"},{"id":"via-cervical-screening","kind":"technology","name":"Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for cervical screening","route":"/technologies/via-cervical-screening/"},{"id":"vitamin-d-omega3-supplementation","kind":"technology","name":"Vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation","route":"/technologies/vitamin-d-omega3-supplementation/"}],"person":[{"id":"eitan-friedman","kind":"person","name":"Eitan Friedman","route":"/people/eitan-friedman/"},{"id":"ephrat-levy-lahad","kind":"person","name":"Ephrat Levy-Lahad","route":"/people/ephrat-levy-lahad/"},{"id":"harald-zur-hausen","kind":"person","name":"Harald zur Hausen","route":"/people/harald-zur-hausen/"},{"id":"ian-frazer","kind":"person","name":"Ian Frazer","route":"/people/ian-frazer/"},{"id":"jian-zhou","kind":"person","name":"Jian Zhou","route":"/people/jian-zhou/"},{"id":"john-burn","kind":"person","name":"John Burn","route":"/people/john-burn/"},{"id":"john-field","kind":"person","name":"John Field","route":"/people/john-field/"},{"id":"mary-claire-king","kind":"person","name":"Mary-Claire King","route":"/people/mary-claire-king/"},{"id":"rachel-michaelson-cohen","kind":"person","name":"Rachel Michaelson-Cohen","route":"/people/rachel-michaelson-cohen/"},{"id":"semir-beyaz","kind":"person","name":"Semir Beyaz","route":"/people/semir-beyaz/"}],"trial":[{"id":"add-aspirin","kind":"trial","name":"Add-Aspirin","route":"/trials/add-aspirin/"},{"id":"alascca","kind":"trial","name":"ALASCCA","route":"/trials/alascca/"},{"id":"aspree","kind":"trial","name":"ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly)","route":"/trials/aspree/"},{"id":"funen-fob","kind":"trial","name":"Funen faecal occult blood screening trial","route":"/trials/funen-fob/"},{"id":"minnesota-fob","kind":"trial","name":"Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study","route":"/trials/minnesota-fob/"},{"id":"national-polyp-study","kind":"trial","name":"National Polyp Study","route":"/trials/national-polyp-study/"},{"id":"nottingham-fob","kind":"trial","name":"Nottingham faecal occult blood screening trial","route":"/trials/nottingham-fob/"},{"id":"patricia","kind":"trial","name":"PATRICIA","route":"/trials/patricia/"},{"id":"ukfss","kind":"trial","name":"UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial","route":"/trials/ukfss/"},{"id":"vital","kind":"trial","name":"VITAL (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL)","route":"/trials/vital/"},{"id":"ylst","kind":"trial","name":"YLST","route":"/trials/ylst/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-burkitt-sarcoma-involving-jaws-african-children-br-j-surg-1958","kind":"paper","name":"A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children","route":"/key-papers/paper-burkitt-sarcoma-involving-jaws-african-children-br-j-surg-1958/"},{"id":"paper-hinuma-adult-t-cell-leukaemia-antigen-pnas-1981","kind":"paper","name":"Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera","route":"/key-papers/paper-hinuma-adult-t-cell-leukaemia-antigen-pnas-1981/"},{"id":"paper-alcohol-cancer-burden-lancet-oncol-2021","kind":"paper","name":"Alcohol caused an estimated 741,000 cancers worldwide in 2020","route":"/key-papers/paper-alcohol-cancer-burden-lancet-oncol-2021/"},{"id":"paper-moore-israel-cancer-registry-completeness-imaj-2021","kind":"paper","name":"An assessment of the completeness and timeliness of the Israel National Cancer Registry","route":"/key-papers/paper-moore-israel-cancer-registry-completeness-imaj-2021/"},{"id":"paper-capp2-aspirin-lynch-lancet-2020","kind":"paper","name":"CAPP2: two years of aspirin cuts bowel cancer in Lynch syndrome by more than a third over 10 years","route":"/key-papers/paper-capp2-aspirin-lynch-lancet-2020/"},{"id":"paper-zauber-national-polyp-study-colonoscopic-polypectomy-nejm-2012","kind":"paper","name":"Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths (National Polyp Study)","route":"/key-papers/paper-zauber-national-polyp-study-colonoscopic-polypectomy-nejm-2012/"},{"id":"paper-siegel-colorectal-incidence-birth-cohort-jnci-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Colorectal cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1974-2013","route":"/key-papers/paper-siegel-colorectal-incidence-birth-cohort-jnci-2017/"},{"id":"paper-siegel-colorectal-cancer-statistics-ca-2023","kind":"paper","name":"Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023","route":"/key-papers/paper-siegel-colorectal-cancer-statistics-ca-2023/"},{"id":"paper-poiesz-htlv-retrovirus-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma-pnas-1980","kind":"paper","name":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-poiesz-htlv-retrovirus-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma-pnas-1980/"},{"id":"paper-doll-hill-smoking-lung-cancer-bmj-1950","kind":"paper","name":"Doll and Hill 1950: the case-control study that tied smoking to lung cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-doll-hill-smoking-lung-cancer-bmj-1950/"},{"id":"paper-caret-beta-carotene-retinol-lung-cancer-nejm-1996","kind":"paper","name":"Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease","route":"/key-papers/paper-caret-beta-carotene-retinol-lung-cancer-nejm-1996/"},{"id":"paper-patricia-paavonen-lancet-2009","kind":"paper","name":"Efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis","route":"/key-papers/paper-patricia-paavonen-lancet-2009/"},{"id":"paper-hpv-vaccine-england-lancet-2021","kind":"paper","name":"England's HPV programme: cervical cancer down 87% in the first cohort vaccinated at 12-13","route":"/key-papers/paper-hpv-vaccine-england-lancet-2021/"},{"id":"paper-doll-peto-50-year-doctors-bmj-2004","kind":"paper","name":"Fifty years of the British Doctors Study: smokers lose ten years of life, quitting gives most of it back","route":"/key-papers/paper-doll-peto-50-year-doctors-bmj-2004/"},{"id":"paper-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-ccr-2020","kind":"paper","name":"First trial of a vaccine against the shared neoantigens of mismatch-repair-deficient cancers","route":"/key-papers/paper-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-ccr-2020/"},{"id":"paper-vogelstein-genetic-alterations-colorectal-tumor-development-nejm-1988","kind":"paper","name":"Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development","route":"/key-papers/paper-vogelstein-genetic-alterations-colorectal-tumor-development-nejm-1988/"},{"id":"paper-diaz-gay-colibactin-geographic-age-mutational-processes-nature-2025","kind":"paper","name":"Geographic and age variations in mutational processes in colorectal cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-diaz-gay-colibactin-geographic-age-mutational-processes-nature-2025/"},{"id":"paper-body-fatness-iarc-nejm-2016","kind":"paper","name":"IARC verdict: excess body fat causes 13 cancers","route":"/key-papers/paper-body-fatness-iarc-nejm-2016/"},{"id":"paper-ibis-i-tamoxifen-lancet-oncol-2015","kind":"paper","name":"IBIS-I: five years of tamoxifen keeps preventing breast cancer for at least 20 years","route":"/key-papers/paper-ibis-i-tamoxifen-lancet-oncol-2015/"},{"id":"paper-vuik-early-onset-colorectal-europe-gut-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults in Europe over the last 25 years","route":"/key-papers/paper-vuik-early-onset-colorectal-europe-gut-2019/"},{"id":"paper-pritchard-inherited-dna-repair-metastatic-prostate-nejm-2016","kind":"paper","name":"Inherited DNA-repair gene mutations in men with metastatic prostate cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-pritchard-inherited-dna-repair-metastatic-prostate-nejm-2016/"},{"id":"paper-jaiswal-chip-nejm-2014","kind":"paper","name":"Jaiswal: clonal haematopoiesis, the pre-leukaemic clones in most people over 70","route":"/key-papers/paper-jaiswal-chip-nejm-2014/"},{"id":"paper-atkin-flexible-sigmoidoscopy-17-year-follow-up-lancet-2017","kind":"paper","name":"Long term effects of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening after 17 years of follow-up","route":"/key-papers/paper-atkin-flexible-sigmoidoscopy-17-year-follow-up-lancet-2017/"},{"id":"paper-hill-lung-adenocarcinoma-air-pollutants-nature-2023","kind":"paper","name":"Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants","route":"/key-papers/paper-hill-lung-adenocarcinoma-air-pollutants-nature-2023/"},{"id":"paper-martincorena-somatic-mutations-normal-skin-science-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Martincorena: normal sun-exposed skin is a patchwork of cancer-mutation clones","route":"/key-papers/paper-martincorena-somatic-mutations-normal-skin-science-2015/"},{"id":"paper-nlst-nejm-2011","kind":"paper","name":"NLST: yearly low-dose CT scans cut lung cancer deaths in heavy smokers","route":"/key-papers/paper-nlst-nejm-2011/"},{"id":"paper-nordicc-nejm-2022","kind":"paper","name":"NordICC: inviting people to a screening colonoscopy reduced bowel cancer, but less than expected","route":"/key-papers/paper-nordicc-nejm-2022/"},{"id":"paper-atkin-once-only-flexible-sigmoidoscopy-lancet-2010","kind":"paper","name":"Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-atkin-once-only-flexible-sigmoidoscopy-lancet-2010/"},{"id":"paper-loeb-overdiagnosis-overtreatment-prostate-eur-urol-2014","kind":"paper","name":"Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-loeb-overdiagnosis-overtreatment-prostate-eur-urol-2014/"},{"id":"paper-gabai-kapara-population-brca-screening-pnas-2014","kind":"paper","name":"Population-based screening for breast and ovarian cancer risk due to BRCA1 and BRCA2","route":"/key-papers/paper-gabai-kapara-population-brca-screening-pnas-2014/"},{"id":"paper-predimed-breast-jama-im-2015","kind":"paper","name":"PREDIMED: a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil and fewer breast cancers","route":"/key-papers/paper-predimed-breast-jama-im-2015/"},{"id":"paper-brca-risk-reducing-surgery-jama-2010","kind":"paper","name":"PROSE consortium: preventive surgery lowers cancer and death in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers","route":"/key-papers/paper-brca-risk-reducing-surgery-jama-2010/"},{"id":"paper-welch-albertsen-psa-era-diagnosis-treatment-jnci-2009","kind":"paper","name":"Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment after the introduction of prostate-specific antigen screening, 1986 to 2005","route":"/key-papers/paper-welch-albertsen-psa-era-diagnosis-treatment-jnci-2009/"},{"id":"paper-hardcastle-nottingham-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996","kind":"paper","name":"Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer (Nottingham)","route":"/key-papers/paper-hardcastle-nottingham-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996/"},{"id":"paper-kronborg-funen-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996","kind":"paper","name":"Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test (Funen)","route":"/key-papers/paper-kronborg-funen-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996/"},{"id":"paper-uspstf-lung-cancer-screening-jama-2021","kind":"paper","name":"Screening for Lung Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement","route":"/key-papers/paper-uspstf-lung-cancer-screening-jama-2021/"},{"id":"paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015/"},{"id":"paper-hpv-self-sampling-bmj-2018","kind":"paper","name":"Self-collected HPV samples are as accurate as clinician samples and reach women who never attend screening","route":"/key-papers/paper-hpv-self-sampling-bmj-2018/"},{"id":"paper-peto-smoking-cessation-lung-cancer-uk-bmj-2000","kind":"paper","name":"Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case-control studies","route":"/key-papers/paper-peto-smoking-cessation-lung-cancer-uk-bmj-2000/"},{"id":"paper-hur-sugar-sweetened-beverages-early-onset-colorectal-gut-2021","kind":"paper","name":"Sugar-sweetened beverage intake in adulthood and adolescence and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer among women","route":"/key-papers/paper-hur-sugar-sweetened-beverages-early-onset-colorectal-gut-2021/"},{"id":"paper-hpv-vaccine-sweden-nejm-2020","kind":"paper","name":"Swedish registry study: HPV vaccination almost eliminates cervical cancer when given before 17","route":"/key-papers/paper-hpv-vaccine-sweden-nejm-2020/"},{"id":"paper-doll-hill-mortality-of-doctors-smoking-bmj-1954","kind":"paper","name":"The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits; a preliminary report","route":"/key-papers/paper-doll-hill-mortality-of-doctors-smoking-bmj-1954/"},{"id":"paper-wynder-graham-tobacco-bronchiogenic-carcinoma-jama-1950","kind":"paper","name":"Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma; a study of 684 proved cases","route":"/key-papers/paper-wynder-graham-tobacco-bronchiogenic-carcinoma-jama-1950/"},{"id":"paper-conti-trans-ancestry-gwas-prostate-nat-genet-2021","kind":"paper","name":"Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction","route":"/key-papers/paper-conti-trans-ancestry-gwas-prostate-nat-genet-2021/"},{"id":"paper-moyer-uspstf-prostate-screening-ann-intern-med-2012","kind":"paper","name":"USPSTF 2012: screening for prostate cancer, recommendation statement (grade D)","route":"/key-papers/paper-moyer-uspstf-prostate-screening-ann-intern-med-2012/"},{"id":"paper-uspstf-prostate-screening-jama-2018","kind":"paper","name":"USPSTF 2018: screening for prostate cancer, recommendation statement (grade C at 55 to 69, grade D at 70 and over)","route":"/key-papers/paper-uspstf-prostate-screening-jama-2018/"},{"id":"paper-epstein-virus-particles-burkitt-lymphoblasts-lancet-1964","kind":"paper","name":"Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-epstein-virus-particles-burkitt-lymphoblasts-lancet-1964/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"prevention-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Cancer prevention roadmap: tobacco control and vaccines → biomarker-guided chemoprevention → interception in carriers","route":"/roadmaps/prevention-roadmap/"},{"id":"colorectal-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation","route":"/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/"},{"id":"gallbladder-cancer-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials","route":"/roadmaps/gallbladder-cancer-roadmap/"},{"id":"lung-cancer-evidence-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch","route":"/roadmaps/lung-cancer-evidence-roadmap/"},{"id":"lymphoma-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting","route":"/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/"},{"id":"cure-paths","kind":"roadmap","name":"Paths to cures: interception, eradication, control","route":"/roadmaps/cure-paths/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-prev-brca1-denosumab-prevention","kind":"idea","name":"A bone drug to prevent breast cancer in BRCA1 carriers","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-brca1-denosumab-prevention/"},{"id":"idea-prev-genetic-counselling-chatbot","kind":"idea","name":"A chatbot for pre-test genetic counselling so counsellors see only who needs them","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-genetic-counselling-chatbot/"},{"id":"idea-prev-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-rct","kind":"idea","name":"A randomised trial of a shared-antigen vaccine to prevent Lynch syndrome cancers","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-rct/"},{"id":"idea-prev-bundled-cancer-check-at-60","kind":"idea","name":"A single 'cancer check at 60' appointment bundling all screening tests","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-bundled-cancer-check-at-60/"},{"id":"idea-prev-therapeutic-hpv-vaccine-cin","kind":"idea","name":"A therapeutic vaccine to clear cervical precancer without surgery","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-therapeutic-hpv-vaccine-cin/"},{"id":"idea-prev-glp1-cancer-prevention-rct","kind":"idea","name":"A trial of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs with cancer as the primary outcome","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-glp1-cancer-prevention-rct/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpylori-childhood-vaccine","kind":"idea","name":"A vaccine against H. pylori for children in high-risk regions","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpylori-childhood-vaccine/"},{"id":"idea-prev-ebv-vaccine","kind":"idea","name":"An Epstein-Barr virus vaccine to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer and lymphomas","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-ebv-vaccine/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpylori-stool-resistance-guided","kind":"idea","name":"Antibiotic-resistance testing from a stool sample before treating H. pylori","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpylori-stool-resistance-guided/"},{"id":"idea-prev-reflex-germline-testing","kind":"idea","name":"Automatic germline testing for every cancer type where it changes care","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-reflex-germline-testing/"},{"id":"idea-prev-commercial-sunbed-ban","kind":"idea","name":"Ban commercial sunbeds","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-commercial-sunbed-ban/"},{"id":"idea-prev-genetic-non-discrimination-insurance","kind":"idea","name":"Ban life and disability insurers from using genetic results","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-genetic-non-discrimination-insurance/"},{"id":"idea-prev-prs-ancestry-portability-standard","kind":"idea","name":"Build polygenic scores that work in every ancestry before deploying any","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-prs-ancestry-portability-standard/"},{"id":"idea-prev-alcohol-cancer-warning-labels","kind":"idea","name":"Cancer warnings on alcohol labels, evaluated as a natural experiment","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-alcohol-cancer-warning-labels/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpv-male-catchup-oropharynx","kind":"idea","name":"Catch-up HPV vaccination for men to prevent throat cancer","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpv-male-catchup-oropharynx/"},{"id":"idea-prev-pharmacy-prevention-hub","kind":"idea","name":"Community pharmacies as one-stop cancer prevention hubs","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-pharmacy-prevention-hub/"},{"id":"idea-nl-upf-controlled-feeding-trial","kind":"idea","name":"Controlled feeding trials to separate ultra-processing from calories","route":"/ideas/idea-nl-upf-controlled-feeding-trial/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hcv-test-treat-surveillance-linkage","kind":"idea","name":"Cure hepatitis C in prisons and drug services, and enrol the cured in liver cancer surveillance","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hcv-test-treat-surveillance-linkage/"},{"id":"idea-lung-screening-eligibility-by-risk-not-pack-years","kind":"idea","name":"Decide who is screened for lung cancer by individual risk, not by pack-years","route":"/ideas/idea-lung-screening-eligibility-by-risk-not-pack-years/"},{"id":"idea-nl-alcohol-minimum-pricing-cancer-endpoints","kind":"idea","name":"Evaluate alcohol minimum unit pricing against cancer incidence","route":"/ideas/idea-nl-alcohol-minimum-pricing-cancer-endpoints/"},{"id":"idea-prev-clean-air-never-smoker-endpoints","kind":"idea","name":"Evaluate clean-air policies using lung cancer in never-smokers","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-clean-air-never-smoker-endpoints/"},{"id":"idea-prev-opt-out-cessation-in-lung-screening","kind":"idea","name":"Every lung screening visit includes stop-smoking medicine, opt-out","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-opt-out-cessation-in-lung-screening/"},{"id":"idea-prev-family-history-auto-match","kind":"idea","name":"Family history collected by app and matched to testing criteria automatically","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-family-history-auto-match/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpylori-family-test-and-treat","kind":"idea","name":"Family-based H. pylori test-and-treat to prevent stomach cancer","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpylori-family-test-and-treat/"},{"id":"idea-crc-early-onset-cause-hunt","kind":"idea","name":"Find out what is driving early-onset bowel cancer, starting with colibactin, before extending screening any further","route":"/ideas/idea-crc-early-onset-cause-hunt/"},{"id":"idea-prev-lynch-aspirin-implementation","kind":"idea","name":"Get every Lynch syndrome carrier onto the right dose of aspirin","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-lynch-aspirin-implementation/"},{"id":"idea-prev-glp1-endometrial-hyperplasia","kind":"idea","name":"GLP-1 drugs to reverse endometrial precancer in women with obesity","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-glp1-endometrial-hyperplasia/"},{"id":"idea-prev-traceback-deceased-probands","kind":"idea","name":"Go back to families of women who died of ovarian cancer and offer BRCA testing","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-traceback-deceased-probands/"},{"id":"idea-acc-hpv-self-sample-same-day-ablation","kind":"idea","name":"HPV self-testing with same-day treatment as the national cervical programme","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-hpv-self-sample-same-day-ablation/"},{"id":"idea-prostate-metastatic-presentation-as-the-screening-endpoint","kind":"idea","name":"Judge a prostate screening programme on metastatic presentation, not on incidence or mortality","route":"/ideas/idea-prostate-metastatic-presentation-as-the-screening-endpoint/"},{"id":"idea-prev-cascade-direct-contact-relatives","kind":"idea","name":"Let clinics contact relatives directly when a cancer gene is found","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-cascade-direct-contact-relatives/"},{"id":"idea-nl-bariatric-cancer-registry-linkage","kind":"idea","name":"Link bariatric and GLP-1 registries to cancer registries in every country that has both","route":"/ideas/idea-nl-bariatric-cancer-registry-linkage/"},{"id":"idea-prev-low-dose-tamoxifen-uptake","kind":"idea","name":"Low-dose tamoxifen for high-risk women, prescribed by pharmacists and nurses","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-low-dose-tamoxifen-uptake/"},{"id":"idea-prev-very-low-nicotine-mandate","kind":"idea","name":"Make cigarettes non-addictive by capping their nicotine","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-very-low-nicotine-mandate/"},{"id":"idea-prev-radon-testing-at-property-sale","kind":"idea","name":"Mandatory radon testing when homes are sold, with subsidised mitigation","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-radon-testing-at-property-sale/"},{"id":"idea-prev-minimum-unit-pricing-cancer-endpoints","kind":"idea","name":"Minimum alcohol pricing evaluated with cancer endpoints","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-minimum-unit-pricing-cancer-endpoints/"},{"id":"idea-prev-population-germline-screening-at-30","kind":"idea","name":"Offer everyone at 30 a test for the cancer genes that matter","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-population-germline-screening-at-30/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpv-vaccinate-at-screening","kind":"idea","name":"Offer HPV vaccination to women when they come for cervical screening or treatment","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpv-vaccinate-at-screening/"},{"id":"idea-prev-chemoprevention-master-protocol","kind":"idea","name":"One master trial for cancer prevention drugs across many precancers","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-chemoprevention-master-protocol/"},{"id":"idea-prev-pay-for-prevention-outcomes","kind":"idea","name":"Pay insurers and health systems for cancers prevented and caught early","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-pay-for-prevention-outcomes/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpv-self-sampling-mailed-default","kind":"idea","name":"Post every woman an HPV self-test kit instead of asking her to book a smear","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpv-self-sampling-mailed-default/"},{"id":"idea-prev-cytisine-essential-medicine","kind":"idea","name":"Put cytisine, a cheap plant-based quit-smoking pill, on every essential medicines list","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-cytisine-essential-medicine/"},{"id":"idea-prev-precursor-endpoints-for-approval","kind":"idea","name":"Regulators accept shrinking of precancer as the endpoint for prevention drug approval","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-precursor-endpoints-for-approval/"},{"id":"idea-prev-opportunistic-salpingectomy-default","kind":"idea","name":"Remove the fallopian tubes during any pelvic surgery once childbearing is finished","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-opportunistic-salpingectomy-default/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpv-same-day-screen-and-treat","kind":"idea","name":"Same-day HPV test and heat treatment of precancer by nurses in low-income settings","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpv-same-day-screen-and-treat/"},{"id":"idea-prev-screening-default-appointments","kind":"idea","name":"Send screening invitations with a pre-booked time, not a request to call","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-screening-default-appointments/"},{"id":"idea-prev-smokefree-generation-evaluation","kind":"idea","name":"Smoke-free generation laws with a built-in evaluation across countries","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-smokefree-generation-evaluation/"},{"id":"idea-prev-deferred-disclosure-newborn-genomes","kind":"idea","name":"Store adult-onset cancer gene results from newborn genomes and disclose at 18","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-deferred-disclosure-newborn-genomes/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hpv-single-dose-switch-catchup","kind":"idea","name":"Switch every country to single-dose HPV vaccination and add catch-up to age 26","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hpv-single-dose-switch-catchup/"},{"id":"idea-prostate-hrr-testing-at-metastatic-diagnosis","kind":"idea","name":"Test every man for DNA repair faults on the day his prostate cancer is found to have spread, not three treatments later","route":"/ideas/idea-prostate-hrr-testing-at-metastatic-diagnosis/"},{"id":"idea-prev-vus-saturation-editing-consortium","kind":"idea","name":"Test every possible mutation in every cancer gene so no result is 'uncertain'","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-vus-saturation-editing-consortium/"},{"id":"idea-prev-hbv-treat-all-hcc","kind":"idea","name":"Treat everyone with chronic hepatitis B to prevent liver cancer","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-hbv-treat-all-hcc/"},{"id":"idea-lung-never-smoker-disease-its-own-programme","kind":"idea","name":"Treat lung cancer in never-smokers as its own disease, with its own detection programme","route":"/ideas/idea-lung-never-smoker-disease-its-own-programme/"},{"id":"idea-crc-screening-uptake-and-age-extension","kind":"idea","name":"Treat screening uptake, not test sensitivity, as the thing to optimise, and settle the age extension with a trial rather than a model","route":"/ideas/idea-crc-screening-uptake-and-age-extension/"},{"id":"idea-prev-prs-screening-start-age","kind":"idea","name":"Use a polygenic risk score to set when screening starts","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-prs-screening-start-age/"},{"id":"idea-prev-li-fraumeni-mri-plus-cfdna","kind":"idea","name":"Whole-body MRI plus blood DNA surveillance for people with Li-Fraumeni syndrome","route":"/ideas/idea-prev-li-fraumeni-mri-plus-cfdna/"}],"term":[{"id":"actinic-keratosis","kind":"term","name":"Actinic keratosis (solar keratosis): sun damage, not cancer","route":"/terms/actinic-keratosis/"},{"id":"rejuv-second-age-smoking-and-inherited-risk","kind":"term","name":"Age, smoking and inherited predisposition: what the treatment risk is added to","route":"/terms/rejuv-second-age-smoking-and-inherited-risk/"},{"id":"second-primary-bowel-after-abdominal-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Bowel cancer after abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy","route":"/terms/second-primary-bowel-after-abdominal-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"second-primary-breast-after-chest-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Breast cancer after chest radiotherapy given young","route":"/terms/second-primary-breast-after-chest-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"cirrhosis","kind":"term","name":"Cirrhosis","route":"/terms/cirrhosis/"},{"id":"dysplasia","kind":"term","name":"Dysplasia (pre-cancerous change)","route":"/terms/dysplasia/"},{"id":"gbrca-mutation","kind":"term","name":"Germline BRCA mutation (gBRCA)","route":"/terms/gbrca-mutation/"},{"id":"hpv-status","kind":"term","name":"HPV status (HPV-positive / HPV-negative)","route":"/terms/hpv-status/"},{"id":"inherited-skin-cancer-syndromes","kind":"term","name":"Inherited syndromes that cause skin cancer: Gorlin syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum","route":"/terms/inherited-skin-cancer-syndromes/"},{"id":"lead-time-bias","kind":"term","name":"Lead time, and lead-time bias","route":"/terms/lead-time-bias/"},{"id":"second-primary-lung-after-chest-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Lung cancer after chest radiotherapy and after alkylating chemotherapy","route":"/terms/second-primary-lung-after-chest-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"number-needed-to-screen","kind":"term","name":"Number needed to screen (and number needed to diagnose)","route":"/terms/number-needed-to-screen/"},{"id":"overtreatment","kind":"term","name":"Overtreatment","route":"/terms/overtreatment/"},{"id":"polygenic-risk-score","kind":"term","name":"Polygenic risk score (PRS)","route":"/terms/polygenic-risk-score/"},{"id":"rejuv-second-radiotherapy-dose-field-and-age","kind":"term","name":"Radiotherapy and second cancers: field, dose and age at exposure","route":"/terms/rejuv-second-radiotherapy-dose-field-and-age/"},{"id":"salpingo-oophorectomy","kind":"term","name":"Salpingo-oophorectomy","route":"/terms/salpingo-oophorectomy/"},{"id":"second-primary-sarcoma-in-the-treated-field","kind":"term","name":"Sarcoma in the radiotherapy field, and angiosarcoma of the treated breast","route":"/terms/second-primary-sarcoma-in-the-treated-field/"},{"id":"rejuv-second-screening-after-treatment-compared","kind":"term","name":"Screening survivors: where the UK, American and European answers differ","route":"/terms/rejuv-second-screening-after-treatment-compared/"},{"id":"rejuv-second-cancers-overview","kind":"term","name":"Second cancers after treatment: what the risk is, and what is done about it","route":"/terms/rejuv-second-cancers-overview/"},{"id":"skin-cancer-after-organ-transplant","kind":"term","name":"Skin cancer after an organ transplant","route":"/terms/skin-cancer-after-organ-transplant/"},{"id":"second-primary-skin-cancer-after-cancer-treatment","kind":"term","name":"Skin cancer after cancer treatment","route":"/terms/second-primary-skin-cancer-after-cancer-treatment/"},{"id":"sun-protection-after-skin-cancer","kind":"term","name":"Sun protection after a skin cancer diagnosis","route":"/terms/sun-protection-after-skin-cancer/"},{"id":"second-primary-skin-cancer","kind":"term","name":"The next skin cancer: second primaries after a keratinocyte cancer","route":"/terms/second-primary-skin-cancer/"},{"id":"rejuv-second-uk-very-high-risk-breast-screening","kind":"term","name":"The UK very high risk breast screening protocol after chest radiotherapy","route":"/terms/rejuv-second-uk-very-high-risk-breast-screening/"},{"id":"second-primary-thyroid-after-neck-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Thyroid cancer after neck radiotherapy, and whether to look for it","route":"/terms/second-primary-thyroid-after-neck-radiotherapy/"}],"company":[{"id":"achieve-life-sciences","kind":"company","name":"Achieve Life Sciences (formerly OncoGenex)","route":"/companies/achieve-life-sciences/"},{"id":"adventris-pharmaceuticals","kind":"company","name":"Adventris Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/adventris-pharmaceuticals/"},{"id":"almirall","kind":"company","name":"Almirall","route":"/companies/almirall/"},{"id":"ananya-health","kind":"company","name":"Ananya Health","route":"/companies/ananya-health/"},{"id":"atossa-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Atossa Therapeutics","route":"/companies/atossa-therapeutics/"},{"id":"cancer-prevention-pharmaceuticals","kind":"company","name":"Cancer Prevention Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/cancer-prevention-pharmaceuticals/"},{"id":"galderma","kind":"company","name":"Galderma","route":"/companies/galderma/"},{"id":"inovio","kind":"company","name":"Inovio Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/inovio/"},{"id":"leo-pharma","kind":"company","name":"LEO Pharma","route":"/companies/leo-pharma/"},{"id":"myriad-genetics","kind":"company","name":"Myriad Genetics","route":"/companies/myriad-genetics/"},{"id":"nouscom","kind":"company","name":"Nouscom","route":"/companies/nouscom/"},{"id":"nsabp-foundation","kind":"company","name":"NSABP Foundation","route":"/companies/nsabp-foundation/"},{"id":"persephone-biosciences","kind":"company","name":"Persephone Biosciences","route":"/companies/persephone-biosciences/"},{"id":"serum-institute-of-india","kind":"company","name":"Serum Institute of India","route":"/companies/serum-institute-of-india/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-funding-allocation","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Funding follows fashion, not burden","route":"/bottlenecks/b-funding-allocation/"},{"id":"b-prevention-adoption","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Prevention we already have is not deployed","route":"/bottlenecks/b-prevention-adoption/"}],"institution":[{"id":"aichi-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"Aichi Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/aichi-cancer-center/"},{"id":"aiims-delhi","kind":"institution","name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi","route":"/institutions/aiims-delhi/"},{"id":"canadian-cancer-society","kind":"institution","name":"Canadian Cancer Society","route":"/institutions/canadian-cancer-society/"},{"id":"cancer-council-australia","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Council Australia","route":"/institutions/cancer-council-australia/"},{"id":"cancer-institute-adyar","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar","route":"/institutions/cancer-institute-adyar/"},{"id":"tehran-cancer-institute","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex","route":"/institutions/tehran-cancer-institute/"},{"id":"cprit","kind":"institution","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","route":"/institutions/cprit/"},{"id":"wits-charlotte-maxeke","kind":"institution","name":"Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital / University of the Witwatersrand","route":"/institutions/wits-charlotte-maxeke/"},{"id":"dbt-india","kind":"institution","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Government of India","route":"/institutions/dbt-india/"},{"id":"deutsche-krebshilfe","kind":"institution","name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","route":"/institutions/deutsche-krebshilfe/"},{"id":"dharmais-cancer-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Dharmais National Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/dharmais-cancer-hospital/"},{"id":"ecco","kind":"institution","name":"European Cancer Organisation","route":"/institutions/ecco/"},{"id":"fondation-arc","kind":"institution","name":"Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer","route":"/institutions/fondation-arc/"},{"id":"fox-chase","kind":"institution","name":"Fox Chase Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/fox-chase/"},{"id":"gates-foundation","kind":"institution","name":"Gates Foundation","route":"/institutions/gates-foundation/"},{"id":"groote-schuur-uct","kind":"institution","name":"Groote Schuur Hospital / University of Cape Town","route":"/institutions/groote-schuur-uct/"},{"id":"hacettepe-cancer-institute","kind":"institution","name":"Hacettepe University Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/hacettepe-cancer-institute/"},{"id":"hamad-medical-corporation","kind":"institution","name":"Hamad Medical Corporation / National Center for Cancer Care and Research","route":"/institutions/hamad-medical-corporation/"},{"id":"hospital-de-amor-barretos","kind":"institution","name":"Hospital de Amor (Barretos Cancer Hospital)","route":"/institutions/hospital-de-amor-barretos/"},{"id":"hcpa-porto-alegre","kind":"institution","name":"Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre","route":"/institutions/hcpa-porto-alegre/"},{"id":"icmr-nicpr","kind":"institution","name":"ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research","route":"/institutions/icmr-nicpr/"},{"id":"icmr","kind":"institution","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","route":"/institutions/icmr/"},{"id":"institut-national-oncologie-rabat","kind":"institution","name":"Institut National d'Oncologie, Rabat","route":"/institutions/institut-national-oncologie-rabat/"},{"id":"inca","kind":"institution","name":"Institut National du Cancer","route":"/institutions/inca/"},{"id":"institut-pasteur","kind":"institution","name":"Institut Pasteur","route":"/institutions/institut-pasteur/"},{"id":"institut-salah-azaiez","kind":"institution","name":"Institut Salah Azaïez","route":"/institutions/institut-salah-azaiez/"},{"id":"onkoloski-institut-ljubljana","kind":"institution","name":"Institute of Oncology Ljubljana","route":"/institutions/onkoloski-institut-ljubljana/"},{"id":"inca-brazil","kind":"institution","name":"Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA)","route":"/institutions/inca-brazil/"},{"id":"inc-colombia","kind":"institution","name":"Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Colombia)","route":"/institutions/inc-colombia/"},{"id":"incan-mexico","kind":"institution","name":"Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Mexico)","route":"/institutions/incan-mexico/"},{"id":"inen-peru","kind":"institution","name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas","route":"/institutions/inen-peru/"},{"id":"irish-cancer-society","kind":"institution","name":"Irish Cancer Society","route":"/institutions/irish-cancer-society/"},{"id":"israel-cancer-association","kind":"institution","name":"Israel Cancer Association","route":"/institutions/israel-cancer-association/"},{"id":"israel-national-cancer-registry","kind":"institution","name":"Israel National Cancer Registry","route":"/institutions/israel-national-cancer-registry/"},{"id":"kaiser-permanente-research","kind":"institution","name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research","route":"/institutions/kaiser-permanente-research/"},{"id":"kenyatta-national-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Kenyatta National Hospital","route":"/institutions/kenyatta-national-hospital/"},{"id":"kidwai-memorial-institute-of-oncology","kind":"institution","name":"Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology","route":"/institutions/kidwai-memorial-institute-of-oncology/"},{"id":"khcc","kind":"institution","name":"King Hussein Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/khcc/"},{"id":"korle-bu-teaching-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Korle Bu Teaching Hospital","route":"/institutions/korle-bu-teaching-hospital/"},{"id":"kwf","kind":"institution","name":"KWF Dutch Cancer Society","route":"/institutions/kwf/"},{"id":"luth-lagos","kind":"institution","name":"Lagos University Teaching Hospital","route":"/institutions/luth-lagos/"},{"id":"ligue-contre-le-cancer","kind":"institution","name":"Ligue nationale contre le cancer","route":"/institutions/ligue-contre-le-cancer/"},{"id":"nio-warsaw","kind":"institution","name":"Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology","route":"/institutions/nio-warsaw/"},{"id":"kentucky-markey","kind":"institution","name":"Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky","route":"/institutions/kentucky-markey/"},{"id":"mou-brno","kind":"institution","name":"Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/mou-brno/"},{"id":"minnesota-masonic","kind":"institution","name":"Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota","route":"/institutions/minnesota-masonic/"},{"id":"musc-hollings","kind":"institution","name":"MUSC Hollings Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/musc-hollings/"},{"id":"ncc-korea","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Center Korea","route":"/institutions/ncc-korea/"},{"id":"icmr-ncrp","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NINE, Bengaluru)","route":"/institutions/icmr-ncrp/"},{"id":"ntuh","kind":"institution","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","route":"/institutions/ntuh/"},{"id":"ocean-road-cancer-institute","kind":"institution","name":"Ocean Road Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/ocean-road-cancer-institute/"},{"id":"philippine-general-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Philippine General Hospital","route":"/institutions/philippine-general-hospital/"},{"id":"qimr-berghofer","kind":"institution","name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute","route":"/institutions/qimr-berghofer/"},{"id":"shaare-zedek","kind":"institution","name":"Shaare Zedek Medical Center","route":"/institutions/shaare-zedek/"},{"id":"tohoku-university-hospital","kind":"institution","name":"Tohoku University Hospital","route":"/institutions/tohoku-university-hospital/"},{"id":"tongji-hospital-wuhan","kind":"institution","name":"Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","route":"/institutions/tongji-hospital-wuhan/"},{"id":"uganda-cancer-institute","kind":"institution","name":"Uganda Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/uganda-cancer-institute/"},{"id":"uicc","kind":"institution","name":"Union for International Cancer Control","route":"/institutions/uicc/"},{"id":"arizona-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"University of Arizona Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/arizona-cancer-center/"},{"id":"hawaii-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"University of Hawai'i Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/hawaii-cancer-center/"},{"id":"ummc-kuala-lumpur","kind":"institution","name":"University of Malaya Medical Centre","route":"/institutions/ummc-kuala-lumpur/"},{"id":"unm-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/unm-cancer-center/"},{"id":"vcu-massey","kind":"institution","name":"VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/vcu-massey/"},{"id":"k-hospital-hanoi","kind":"institution","name":"Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (K Hospital)","route":"/institutions/k-hospital-hanoi/"},{"id":"who","kind":"institution","name":"World Health Organization Cancer Programme","route":"/institutions/who/"}]}}