{"entity":{"id":"prame","kind":"target","name":"PRAME","aka":[],"tldr":"PRAME is a cancer-testis antigen: a protein normally confined to the testis that about 90% of cutaneous melanomas and substantial fractions of ovarian, lung, endometrial and uveal cancers switch on. Because it sits inside the cell, drugs reach it only as peptide fragments displayed on HLA, through T-cell receptor bispecifics such as brenetafusp and TCR-T cells such as IMA203.","summary":"Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma is a cancer-testis antigen expressed in ~90% of cutaneous melanomas and in substantial fractions of ovarian, lung, endometrial, and uveal cancers. Intracellular, so reachable only via peptide-HLA recognition: brenetafusp (ImmTAC), IMA203 (Immatics TCR-T, phase 3 in melanoma), and other TCR programmes. PRAME immunohistochemistry is also a diagnostic aid for distinguishing melanoma from naevi.","asOf":"2026-09-07","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRAME","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRAME"}],"tags":["tcr-target"],"related":[],"cancers":["melanoma","ovarian","nsclc","sarcoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":["t-cell-engager","tcr-t"],"targets":[],"drugs":["brenetafusp","ima203"],"companies":["immunocore","immatics"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["hla-a02-restriction"],"trials":["nct05958121"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"PRAME","role":[],"sources":[],"specificity":"tumour-associated","distribution":"few-types","specificityNote":"Tumour-associated overexpression: HPA finds the RNA cancer enhanced in cancer (Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (TCGA)) and tissue enriched in normal testis, so the tumour and the normal tissue it comes from share the target and the medicine relies on the difference in level. HPA PRAME: RNA tissue enriched (testis 102 nTPM); high antibody staining in 1 normal tissue. Distribution: 4 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Skin cancer (all types), Ovarian cancer, Lung cancer (all types), Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 7 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas PRAME tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185686-PRAME/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas PRAME pathology","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185686-PRAME/pathology","note":"patients per staining level per cancer type (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000185686 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000185686/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:9336","ensembl":"ENSG00000185686","uniprot":"P78395","entrez":"23532","firstDescribed":1997,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Ikeda et al, Immunity, 1997, \"Characterization of an antigen that is recognized on a melanoma showing partial HLA loss by CTL expressing an NK inhibitory receptor\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9047241/","biology":"Represses retinoic acid receptor signalling; drives proliferation and blocks differentiation; presented on HLA class I as peptides such as PRAME 425-433 on A*02:01.","whereFound":["Cutaneous melanoma (~90%)","Uveal melanoma (subset, associated with metastasis)","Ovarian, endometrial, NSCLC, breast (subsets)","Synovial sarcoma"],"targetClass":"other","prevalence":[{"cancerId":"melanoma","pct":"~90","measure":"IHC positivity in cutaneous melanoma","source":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234029/"}]},"route":"/targets/prame/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"advanced-melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Advanced melanoma (unresectable stage III and stage IV)","route":"/cancers/advanced-melanoma/"},{"id":"melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Melanoma","route":"/cancers/melanoma/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"},{"id":"ovarian","kind":"cancer","name":"Ovarian cancer","route":"/cancers/ovarian/"},{"id":"sarcoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)","route":"/cancers/sarcoma/"},{"id":"uveal-melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Uveal melanoma","route":"/cancers/uveal-melanoma/"}],"technology":[{"id":"t-cell-engager","kind":"technology","name":"T-cell engagers (bispecific)","route":"/technologies/t-cell-engager/"},{"id":"tcr-t","kind":"technology","name":"TCR-T cell therapy","route":"/technologies/tcr-t/"}],"drug":[{"id":"brenetafusp","kind":"drug","name":"Brenetafusp","route":"/drugs/brenetafusp/"},{"id":"ima203","kind":"drug","name":"IMA203","route":"/drugs/ima203/"}],"company":[{"id":"immatics","kind":"company","name":"Immatics","route":"/companies/immatics/"},{"id":"immunocore","kind":"company","name":"Immunocore","route":"/companies/immunocore/"}],"term":[{"id":"hla-a02-restriction","kind":"term","name":"HLA-A*02:01 restriction","route":"/terms/hla-a02-restriction/"},{"id":"uveal-melanoma-prognostic-markers","kind":"term","name":"Uveal melanoma prognostic markers (GNAQ/GNA11, monosomy 3, gene-expression class)","route":"/terms/uveal-melanoma-prognostic-markers/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct05958121","kind":"trial","name":"IMA402 T Cell-Engaging Receptor Molecule (TCER®) in Recurrent and/or Refractory Solid Tumors","route":"/trials/nct05958121/"},{"id":"prism-mel-301","kind":"trial","name":"PRISM-MEL-301","route":"/trials/prism-mel-301/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-prame-tcr-beyond-a02","kind":"idea","name":"TCR therapeutics for non-HLA-A*02 patients","route":"/ideas/idea-prame-tcr-beyond-a02/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"antigen-presentation-immunoediting","kind":"pathway","name":"Antigen presentation & immune editing","route":"/pathways/antigen-presentation-immunoediting/"}],"target":[{"id":"hla-a","kind":"target","name":"HLA-A","route":"/targets/hla-a/"}]}}