{"entity":{"id":"pdx-models","kind":"technology","name":"Patient-derived xenografts","aka":[],"tldr":"A patient-derived xenograft is a patient's tumour grown in a mouse, used to test drugs before they reach people.","summary":"A patient-derived xenograft is made by implanting fresh tumour tissue into immunodeficient mice and passaging it, giving an in vivo model that retains histology and genomics better than cell lines. PDX models are used for ADC and combination testing (Champions Oncology, Crown Bioscience, Jackson Laboratory), where bystander and stromal effects can be observed in a way that culture cannot show. Humanised-mouse PDX, in which a human immune system is reconstituted, enables immunotherapy testing. The trade-offs are that mouse stroma progressively replaces human stroma, models take months to establish, and the cost limits how many patients can be modelled. The simple version is that a PDX lets researchers try a treatment on a copy of a real patient's tumour in a mouse before trying it in people.","status":"established","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_derived_xenograft","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_derived_xenograft"}],"tags":[],"related":["genetically-engineered-mouse-models","humanised-mouse-models"],"cancers":[],"sections":["drug-discovery"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":["certis-oncology-solutions"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Fresh tumour implanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged.","strengths":["In vivo pharmacology","Bystander and stromal effects observable"],"limitations":["Mouse stroma replaces human","Months to establish; cost"]},"route":"/technologies/pdx-models/","neighbours":{"technology":[{"id":"biobanking","kind":"technology","name":"Biobanking and tissue procurement","route":"/technologies/biobanking/"},{"id":"genetically-engineered-mouse-models","kind":"technology","name":"Genetically engineered mouse models","route":"/technologies/genetically-engineered-mouse-models/"},{"id":"humanised-mouse-models","kind":"technology","name":"Humanised mouse models","route":"/technologies/humanised-mouse-models/"},{"id":"organoid-guided-therapy-scale","kind":"technology","name":"Organoid-guided therapy at scale","route":"/technologies/organoid-guided-therapy-scale/"},{"id":"tumour-on-chip","kind":"technology","name":"Tumour-on-a-chip","route":"/technologies/tumour-on-chip/"}],"section":[{"id":"drug-discovery","kind":"section","name":"Drug Discovery Platforms","route":"/fronts/drug-discovery/"}],"company":[{"id":"certis-oncology-solutions","kind":"company","name":"Certis Oncology 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