{"entity":{"id":"nivolumab","kind":"drug","name":"Nivolumab","aka":[],"tldr":"Nivolumab was the second PD-1 blocker and is often combined with ipilimumab. Long-term data show about half of advanced melanoma patients alive at 10 years on the combination.","summary":"Approved across melanoma (CheckMate 067 combination), NSCLC, RCC, Hodgkin, head and neck, urothelial, MSI-H CRC (CheckMate 8HW first-line), gastric/oesophageal, HCC, mesothelioma, and perioperative NSCLC. March 2026: first-line advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma with AVD (SWOG S1826) for ages 12+. Partner of relatlimab (Opdualag) and of the oncolytic virus Tudriqev.","status":"approved","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivolumab","links":[{"label":"FDA label (DailyMed)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=Nivolumab"},{"label":"NICE TA1065: nivolumab plus ipilimumab for untreated MSI-high or dMMR colorectal cancer","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta1065"},{"label":"NICE TA716: nivolumab with ipilimumab for previously treated MSI-high or dMMR colorectal cancer","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta716"},{"label":"FDA oncology approval notifications","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancerhematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications"},{"label":"NICE TA655: nivolumab for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer after chemotherapy","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta655"},{"label":"NICE TA713: nivolumab for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer after chemotherapy","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta713"},{"label":"NICE TA724: nivolumab with ipilimumab and chemotherapy for untreated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (not recommended)","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta724"},{"label":"NICE TA876: nivolumab with chemotherapy for neoadjuvant treatment of resectable non-small-cell lung cancer","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta876"},{"label":"NICE TA1127: nivolumab with chemotherapy neoadjuvant then alone adjuvant for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer","url":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta1127"},{"label":"Ansell et al., N Engl J Med 2015: nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (23 patients)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411087"},{"label":"Green et al., Blood 2010: selective 9p24.1 amplification and PD-1 ligand induction through JAK2 in Hodgkin lymphoma and mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma","url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-05-282780"},{"label":"Roemer et al., J Clin Oncol 2018: MHC class II and PD-L1 expression predict outcome after PD-1 blockade in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CheckMate 205)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.77.3994"}],"tags":[],"related":["pd-l1-cps","pd-l1-tc-score","dmmr-ihc","msi-high"],"cancers":["melanoma","nsclc","rcc","hodgkin-lymphoma","colorectal","gastric","gastric-pdl1-high","hcc","hcc-advanced","mesothelioma","urothelial","head-and-neck","recurrent-metastatic-hnscc","msi-high-colorectal","pdl1-high-nsclc","resectable-nsclc","advanced-melanoma","stage-iii-melanoma","stage-ii-melanoma","mucosal-melanoma","acral-melanoma","lung-cancer"],"sections":[],"technologies":["checkpoint-inhibitor"],"targets":["pd1"],"drugs":[],"companies":["bms"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":["checkmate-067","nct03873402","nct06054555","nct06581406","nct04810078","nct06246916","nct07541170","nct04674683","nct06640530","nct05317858","nct05625399","nct06561386","nct04099251","nct03383458","nct06097728","nct07195695","nct05987332","nct07527858","nct05180799","nct07219459","nct06946797","nct05423262","nct03228667","nct06101134","nct04895709","nct05601752","nct06948448","nct06463665","nct05919264","nct07432295","nct06362369","nct03907852","nct07246863","nct04180371","nct03647163","nct03767348","nct07563738","nct03259867","nct05655312","nct06047379","nct05257590","nct05888831","nct06022861","nct07720284","nct03899155","nct04725474","nct04025879","nct03686124","nct03036098","nct07492680","nct04078295","nct05934331","nct05584670","nct07221149","nct03505320","nct07431281","nct05163041","nct03865082","nct05533697","nct07405164","nct06697197","nct06618287","nct07221734","nct07276373","nct06256328","nct03897543","checkmate-017","checkmate-057","checkmate-026","checkmate-227","checkmate-9la","checkmate-816"],"people":["tasuku-honjo"],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":["paper-niche-2-nejm-2024","paper-checkmate-017-nejm-2015","paper-overman-checkmate-142-nivolumab-dmmr-colorectal-lancet-oncol-2017"],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Colorectal cancer biomarkers: mismatch repair deficiency or MSI-high. CheckMate 142 gave 23 objective responses in 74 previously treated patients (31.1%) with disease control for 12 weeks or longer in 69% (Overman 2017); the ipilimumab combination that followed is now first-line under CheckMate 8HW.","Lymphoma biology: Hodgkin lymphoma is the clearest genetically explained checkpoint indication in oncology. An objective response was reported in 20 of 23 heavily pre-treated patients, 87%, most of whom had already failed autologous transplant and brentuximab vedotin (Ansell 2015), and the reason is the 9p24.1 amplicon, which raises both PD-1 ligands by gene dose and by JAK2-driven transcription (Green 2010). Within the responsive group, MHC class II rather than class I expression predicted complete remission (Roemer 2018)."],"brand":"Opdivo / Opdivo Qvantig (SC)","modality":"Monoclonal antibody (anti-PD-1)","mechanism":"Fully human IgG4 anti-PD-1.","approvals":[{"region":"US","year":2014,"indication":"Melanoma"},{"region":"US","year":2026,"indication":"Untreated advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma with AVD, age ≥12"},{"region":"US","year":2025,"indication":"Unresectable or metastatic MSI-high or dMMR colorectal cancer, with ipilimumab","note":"Approved 8 April 2025 on CheckMate 8HW."},{"region":"England (NICE)","year":2025,"indication":"Untreated unresectable or metastatic MSI-high or dMMR colorectal cancer, with ipilimumab","note":"TA1065, published 28 May 2025, within the marketing authorisation and subject to the commercial arrangements; TA716 (July 2021) covers previously treated disease."},{"region":"England (NICE)","year":2020,"indication":"Locally advanced or metastatic squamous non-small-cell lung cancer after chemotherapy","note":"TA655, published 21 October 2020, stopped at 2 years of uninterrupted treatment and only for patients who have not had a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor before (CheckMate 017)."},{"region":"England (NICE)","year":2021,"indication":"Locally advanced or metastatic PD-L1-positive non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer after chemotherapy","note":"TA713, published 7 July 2021, stopped at 2 years and only for patients who have not had a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor before (CheckMate 057)."},{"region":"England (NICE)","year":2021,"indication":"Untreated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without an EGFR or ALK alteration, with ipilimumab and two cycles of platinum doublet chemotherapy: not recommended","note":"TA724, published 8 September 2021, does not recommend the CheckMate 9LA regimen, so it is not routinely funded in England."},{"region":"England (NICE)","year":2023,"indication":"Neoadjuvant treatment of resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (4 cm or more, or node positive), with chemotherapy","note":"TA876, published 22 March 2023 (CheckMate 816)."},{"region":"England (NICE)","year":2026,"indication":"Resectable non-small-cell lung cancer at high risk of recurrence without an EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement: neoadjuvant with platinum chemotherapy then adjuvant alone","note":"TA1127, published 4 February 2026 (CheckMate 77T); NICE asks that the least expensive of nivolumab, pembrolizumab and durvalumab is used."}],"mechanismSteps":["Antibody binds PD-1 on T cells","PD-1/PD-L1 engagement between T cell and tumour is blocked","Exhausted tumour-reactive T cells regain effector function","Interferon-γ and cytotoxic granules are released at the tumour","Tumour cells are killed; memory T cells persist"],"dosing":{"route":"IV infusion over 30 min (subcutaneous Opdivo Qvantig available)","schedule":"240 mg every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks; with ipilimumab in melanoma: 1 mg/kg + ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks ×4 then maintenance","modifications":"Hold for grade 2 immune-mediated events; permanently discontinue for grade 4","monitoring":"Thyroid, liver, renal function, glucose; symptoms of colitis and pneumonitis","source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394"},"toxicity":[{"event":"Immune-mediated rash","anyGradePct":9,"grade3PlusPct":1.1,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Hypothyroidism","anyGradePct":8,"grade3PlusPct":0.2,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Pneumonitis","anyGradePct":3.1,"grade3PlusPct":1,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Colitis","anyGradePct":2.9,"grade3PlusPct":1.7,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Hepatitis","anyGradePct":1.8,"grade3PlusPct":1.5,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Nephritis","anyGradePct":1.2,"grade3PlusPct":0.6,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Adrenal insufficiency","anyGradePct":1,"grade3PlusPct":0.4,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Colitis with ipilimumab (1+3 mg/kg)","anyGradePct":25,"grade3PlusPct":14.4,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"},{"event":"Hepatitis with ipilimumab","anyGradePct":15,"grade3PlusPct":13.4,"source":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","note":"Monotherapy pooled unless stated"}],"access":[{"country":"US","reimbursement":"Medicare Part B (physician-administered); commercial plans per formulary","assistance":"https://www.bmsaccesssupport.com","source":"https://www.cms.gov/medicare/payment/part-b-drugs/asp-pricing-files","asOf":"2026-09-06"},{"country":"UK","reimbursement":"NICE: recommended across melanoma, NSCLC, RCC, Hodgkin, HNSCC, gastric/oesophageal, urothelial, MSI-H CRC indications","source":"https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/published?ngt=Technology%20appraisal%20guidance","asOf":"2026-09-06"}],"regulatoryEvents":[{"date":"2014-07-04","type":"approval","region":"JP","note":"First PD-1 inhibitor approved worldwide (melanoma, Japan)","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications"},{"date":"2014-12-22","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Advanced melanoma after ipilimumab (accelerated)","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications","indication":"Unresectable or metastatic melanoma and progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor"},{"date":"2015-03-04","type":"approval","region":"US","note":"Squamous NSCLC after platinum: first PD-1 in lung cancer","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications"},{"date":"2015-09-30","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"In combination with ipilimumab for BRAF V600 wild-type unresectable or metastatic melanoma"},{"date":"2015-10-01","type":"approval","region":"US","note":"With ipilimumab, BRAF wild-type melanoma (CheckMate 067)","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications"},{"date":"2016-01-23","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"1) In combination with ipilimumab for unresectable or metastatic melanoma to remove the restriction for treatment of only patients with BRAF wild-type melanoma; 2) As a single agent for BRAF V600 mutation positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma to remove the restriction that such patients should have disease progression following ipilimumab and a BRAF inhibitor"},{"date":"2016-05-17","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"For the treatment of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and post-transplantation brentuximab vedotin"},{"date":"2017-02-02","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma that: • progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy • progressed within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum-containing chemotherapy"},{"date":"2017-04-25","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"Treatment of adult patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and brentuximab vedotin, Or 3 or more lines of systemic therapy that includes autologous HSCT"},{"date":"2017-07-31","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"For the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan"},{"date":"2017-09-22","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"Hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib"},{"date":"2018-04-16","type":"approval","region":"US","note":"With ipilimumab, intermediate/poor-risk RCC (CheckMate 214)","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications"},{"date":"2018-07-10","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"In combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR), metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan"},{"date":"2018-08-16","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"Metastatic SCLC with progression after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other line of therapy"},{"date":"2019-03-07","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2014 converted to traditional approval 4.2 years after it was granted.","indication":"Unresectable or metastatic melanoma and progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor"},{"date":"2019-03-07","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2015 converted to traditional approval 3.4 years after it was granted.","indication":"In combination with ipilimumab for BRAF V600 wild-type unresectable or metastatic melanoma"},{"date":"2019-03-07","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2016 converted to traditional approval 3.1 years after it was granted.","indication":"1) In combination with ipilimumab for unresectable or metastatic melanoma to remove the restriction for treatment of only patients with BRAF wild-type melanoma; 2) As a single agent for BRAF V600 mutation positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma to remove the restriction that such patients should have disease progression following ipilimumab and a BRAF inhibitor"},{"date":"2020-03-10","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","indication":"In combination with ipilimumab, for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib"},{"date":"2020-12-29","type":"withdrawal","region":"US","note":"Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 2.4 years after its accelerated approval.","indication":"Metastatic SCLC with progression after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other line of therapy"},{"date":"2021-07-23","type":"withdrawal","region":"US","note":"Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 3.8 years after its accelerated approval.","indication":"Hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib"},{"date":"2021-08-19","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2017 converted to traditional approval 4.5 years after it was granted.","indication":"Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma that: • progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy • progressed within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum-containing chemotherapy"},{"date":"2022-03-04","type":"approval","region":"US","note":"Neoadjuvant NSCLC with chemotherapy (CheckMate 816)","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications"},{"date":"2024-12-27","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Subcutaneous nivolumab (Opdivo Qvantig)","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications","indication":"Formulation: As monotherapy or as monotherapy following treatment with intravenous nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy for the treatment of adult patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan ."},{"date":"2024-12-27","type":"accelerated-approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval on a surrogate endpoint, with a confirmatory trial required.","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-nivolumab-and-hyaluronidase-nvhy-subcutaneous-injection","indication":"Formulation: Treatment of adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib and following treatment with intravenous nivolumab and ipilimumab ."},{"date":"2025-04-08","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2017 converted to traditional approval 7.7 years after it was granted.","indication":"For the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan"},{"date":"2025-04-08","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2018 converted to traditional approval 6.7 years after it was granted.","indication":"In combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR), metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan"},{"date":"2025-04-11","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2020 converted to traditional approval 5.1 years after it was granted.","indication":"In combination with ipilimumab, for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib"},{"date":"2025-10-27","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2024 converted to traditional approval 0.8 years after it was granted.","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-nivolumab-and-hyaluronidase-nvhy-subcutaneous-injection","indication":"Formulation: As monotherapy or as monotherapy following treatment with intravenous nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy for the treatment of adult patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan ."},{"date":"2025-10-27","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2024 converted to traditional approval 0.8 years after it was granted.","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-nivolumab-and-hyaluronidase-nvhy-subcutaneous-injection","indication":"Formulation: Treatment of adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib and following treatment with intravenous nivolumab and ipilimumab ."},{"date":"2026-03","type":"approval","region":"US","note":"First-line advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma with AVD, age ≥12 (SWOG S1826)","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications"},{"date":"2026-03-20","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2016 converted to traditional approval 9.8 years after it was granted.","indication":"For the treatment of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and post-transplantation brentuximab vedotin"},{"date":"2026-03-20","type":"conversion","region":"US","note":"Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2017 converted to traditional approval 8.9 years after it was granted.","indication":"Treatment of adult patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and brentuximab vedotin, Or 3 or more lines of systemic therapy that includes autologous HSCT"},{"date":"2026-08-06","type":"approval","region":"US","note":"Accelerated approval of vusolimogene oderparepvec in combination with nivolumab, unresectable advanced cutaneous melanoma","source":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-vusolimogene-oderparepvec-wtpg-combination-nivolumab-melanoma"}]},"route":"/drugs/nivolumab/","neighbours":{"biomarker":[{"id":"pd-ligand-9p24-alteration","kind":"biomarker","name":"9p24.1 alteration of the PD-1 ligand loci","route":"/biomarkers/pd-ligand-9p24-alteration/"},{"id":"dmmr-ihc","kind":"biomarker","name":"dMMR (mismatch repair deficiency by IHC)","route":"/biomarkers/dmmr-ihc/"},{"id":"msi-high","kind":"biomarker","name":"MSI-high (microsatellite instability by PCR or sequencing)","route":"/biomarkers/msi-high/"},{"id":"pd-l1-cps","kind":"biomarker","name":"PD-L1 CPS (combined positive score)","route":"/biomarkers/pd-l1-cps/"},{"id":"pd-l1-tc-score","kind":"biomarker","name":"PD-L1 TC score (tumour-cell score, SP263 and 28-8)","route":"/biomarkers/pd-l1-tc-score/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"acral-melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Acral melanoma","route":"/cancers/acral-melanoma/"},{"id":"advanced-small-bowel-adenocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Advanced and metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/advanced-small-bowel-adenocarcinoma/"},{"id":"hcc-advanced","kind":"cancer","name":"Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC C)","route":"/cancers/hcc-advanced/"},{"id":"advanced-melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Advanced melanoma (unresectable stage III and stage IV)","route":"/cancers/advanced-melanoma/"},{"id":"advanced-stage-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage III to IV)","route":"/cancers/advanced-stage-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma/"},{"id":"anal","kind":"cancer","name":"Anal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)","route":"/cancers/anal/"},{"id":"angiosarcoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Angiosarcoma","route":"/cancers/angiosarcoma/"},{"id":"urothelial","kind":"cancer","name":"Bladder & urothelial 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