{"entity":{"id":"mapk1","kind":"target","name":"MAPK1","aka":["mitogen-activated protein kinase 1","Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1","ERK2","p41mapk","MAPK2","PRKM2","PRKM1"],"tldr":"MAPK1 is a protein kinase, an enzyme that switches other proteins on by adding phosphate groups. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response.","summary":"Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signalling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF.\n\nCIViC holds 5 clinical evidence items and 1 assertion across 3 variants, naming Erlotinib and WZ4002. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.82 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes clinical 0.19, affected pathway 0.86, literature 0.99, genetic association 0.08, somatic mutation 0.95). IntOGen calls it a driver in 5 cohorts (4 activating, 1 loss-of-function), covering Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:6871","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:6871"},{"label":"UniProt P28482","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P28482/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 5594","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5594"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000100030","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000100030"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["head-and-neck","cervical","hcc","breast-cancer","skin-cancer","lung-cancer","nsclc","cll"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.19; IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 4 cohorts; IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 1 cohort; CIViC holds 5 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"MAPK1","role":["drug-target","oncogene-driver","tumour-suppressor","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:6871","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:6871","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P28482","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P28482/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene MAPK1","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/4532","note":"5 evidence items, 1 assertions, 3 variants; diseases: Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma, Cancer (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000100030","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000100030/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.82; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: cervical cancer 0.52, skin cancer 0.52, breast cancer 0.54, lung cancer 0.51 (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen MAPK1","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=MAPK1","note":"driver in 5 cohorts (Act 4, LoF 1); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"specificity":"tumour-specific","distribution":"many-types","specificityNote":"Tumour-specific alteration: the catalogues call it an oncogene driver (IntOGen cohort analysis finds it activated more often than chance) and a tumour suppressor (IntOGen finds it knocked out more often than chance), so the direction differs between cohorts but the alteration is somatic either way; what a medicine would aim at or exploit is the altered form or its loss, absent from normal cells; no corpus medicine is aimed at it yet. HPA MAPK1: RNA low tissue specificity; high antibody staining in 24 normal tissues; highest cancer staining colorectal cancer (12 of 12 high). Distribution: 7 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Cervical cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Breast cancer (all types), Skin cancer (all types), Lung cancer (all types), Leukaemia); Open Targets associates it with 1 specific cancer type at or above 0.5 (cervical squamous cell carcinoma). (Rule 6 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"UniProt P28482","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P28482/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene MAPK1","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/4532","note":"5 evidence items, 1 assertions, 3 variants; diseases: Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma, Cancer (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen MAPK1","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=MAPK1","note":"driver in 5 cohorts (Act 4, LoF 1); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas MAPK1 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000100030-MAPK1/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000100030 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000100030/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:6871","ensembl":"ENSG00000100030","uniprot":"P28482","entrez":"5594","firstDescribed":1992,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Owaki et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 1992, \"Extracellular signal-regulated kinases in T cells: characterization of human ERK1 and ERK2 cDNAs\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1540184/","biology":"Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signalling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle; Nucleus; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome; Cytoplasm (UniProt). Locus 22q11.22 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: CIViC evidence names this disease; IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (HNSC)","Cervical cancer: Open Targets association 0.52 with cervical cancer (MONDO_0002974); IntOGen driver in 2 cohorts (CESC)","Hepatocellular carcinoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (HCC)","Breast cancer: Open Targets association 0.54 with breast cancer (MONDO_0007254)","Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.52 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)","Lung cancer: Open Targets association 0.51 with lung cancer (MONDO_0008903)"],"targetClass":"kinase","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/mapk1/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"breast-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Breast cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/breast-cancer/"},{"id":"cervical","kind":"cancer","name":"Cervical cancer","route":"/cancers/cervical/"},{"id":"cll","kind":"cancer","name":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","route":"/cancers/cll/"},{"id":"head-and-neck","kind":"cancer","name":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/head-and-neck/"},{"id":"hcc","kind":"cancer","name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","route":"/cancers/hcc/"},{"id":"lung-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Lung cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/lung-cancer/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"},{"id":"skin-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Skin cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/skin-cancer/"}]}}