{"entity":{"id":"lymphovascular-invasion","kind":"term","name":"Lymphovascular invasion (LVI)","aka":["LVI","lymphovascular","vascular invasion","lymphatic invasion","venous invasion","extramural venous invasion","EMVI"],"tldr":"The pathologist has seen cancer cells inside small lymph or blood vessels in the removed tissue: a sign the tumour has found the exit routes, even if the nodes are clear.","summary":"Reported in most resection specimens, LVI raises the risk of node metastases and recurrence and is a criterion for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer, for surgery rather than endoscopic resection in early gastric and oesophageal cancer, for adjuvant therapy in stage I testicular cancer, and for cystectomy in bladder cancer. Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) on MRI is a high-risk feature in rectal cancer. It is one of several 'high-risk features' alongside grade, perineural invasion and positive margins.","asOf":"2026-09-09","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphovascular_invasion","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphovascular_invasion"}],"tags":[],"related":["perineural-invasion","lymph-node-status","resection-margins","endoscopic-resection"],"cancers":[],"sections":["diagnostics"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"category":"Pathology"},"route":"/terms/lymphovascular-invasion/","neighbours":{"term":[{"id":"depth-of-invasion","kind":"term","name":"Depth of invasion (DOI)","route":"/terms/depth-of-invasion/"},{"id":"endoscopic-resection-term","kind":"term","name":"EMR and ESD (endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection)","route":"/terms/endoscopic-resection-term/"},{"id":"lymph-node-status","kind":"term","name":"Lymph node status (node-positive / node-negative)","route":"/terms/lymph-node-status/"},{"id":"nsmp","kind":"term","name":"No specific molecular profile (NSMP) endometrial cancer","route":"/terms/nsmp/"},{"id":"obstructing-colorectal-cancer","kind":"term","name":"Obstruction and T4 disease in bowel cancer","route":"/terms/obstructing-colorectal-cancer/"},{"id":"perineural-invasion","kind":"term","name":"Perineural invasion (PNI)","route":"/terms/perineural-invasion/"},{"id":"resection-margins","kind":"term","name":"Resection margins (R0 / R1 / R2)","route":"/terms/resection-margins/"},{"id":"breast-tumour-size-on-the-report","kind":"term","name":"Tumour size on a breast report, and why it differs from the scan","route":"/terms/breast-tumour-size-on-the-report/"}],"technology":[{"id":"endoscopic-resection","kind":"technology","name":"Endoscopic resection (EMR / ESD)","route":"/technologies/endoscopic-resection/"}],"section":[{"id":"diagnostics","kind":"section","name":"Diagnostics & Biomarkers","route":"/fronts/diagnostics/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"breast-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Breast cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/breast-cancer/"},{"id":"gallbladder-neuroendocrine-carcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder","route":"/cancers/gallbladder-neuroendocrine-carcinoma/"}]}}