{"entity":{"id":"lomustine","kind":"drug","name":"Lomustine (CCNU)","aka":[],"tldr":"An old chemotherapy pill used when glioblastoma comes back, and the control arm most new glioblastoma drugs must beat.","summary":"Standard second-line agent in Europe and the control in EORTC 26101 (lomustine ± bevacizumab), REGOMA, and most recurrent-glioblastoma trials; median OS ~8-9 months at recurrence. CeTeG/NOA-09 suggested lomustine-temozolomide improves OS in MGMT-methylated newly diagnosed disease. Delayed, cumulative myelosuppression limits cycles.","status":"standard-of-care","asOf":"2026-09-06","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomustine","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomustine"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["glioblastoma","idh-mutant-astrocytoma","oligodendroglioma"],"sections":[],"technologies":["cytotoxic-chemotherapy"],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":["nextsource-biotechnology"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["blood-brain-barrier"],"trials":["rtog-9402","eortc-26951","actuate-1801","nct04762069"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"brand":"Gleostine","modality":"Oral nitrosourea chemotherapy","mechanism":"Lipophilic nitrosourea; DNA alkylation and crosslinking; crosses the blood-brain barrier.","approvals":[{"region":"US","year":1976,"indication":"Brain tumours after surgery/radiation; Hodgkin lymphoma"}],"mechanismSteps":[],"toxicity":[],"access":[],"regulatoryEvents":[]},"route":"/drugs/lomustine/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"idh-mutant-astrocytoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (grades 2 to 4)","route":"/cancers/idh-mutant-astrocytoma/"},{"id":"glioblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Glioma & glioblastoma","route":"/cancers/glioblastoma/"},{"id":"medulloblastoma-group-3-4","kind":"cancer","name":"Group 3 and group 4 medulloblastoma (non-WNT/non-SHH)","route":"/cancers/medulloblastoma-group-3-4/"},{"id":"medulloblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Medulloblastoma","route":"/cancers/medulloblastoma/"},{"id":"oligodendroglioma","kind":"cancer","name":"Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted","route":"/cancers/oligodendroglioma/"},{"id":"medulloblastoma-shh","kind":"cancer","name":"SHH-activated medulloblastoma","route":"/cancers/medulloblastoma-shh/"},{"id":"medulloblastoma-wnt","kind":"cancer","name":"WNT-activated medulloblastoma","route":"/cancers/medulloblastoma-wnt/"}],"technology":[{"id":"cytotoxic-chemotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Cytotoxic chemotherapy","route":"/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/"},{"id":"rejuv-paed-fertility-female","kind":"technology","name":"Fertility in girls and young women treated for cancer, including ovarian tissue freezing","route":"/technologies/rejuv-paed-fertility-female/"}],"company":[{"id":"nextsource-biotechnology","kind":"company","name":"NextSource Biotechnology","route":"/companies/nextsource-biotechnology/"}],"term":[{"id":"blood-brain-barrier","kind":"term","name":"Blood-brain barrier (BBB)","route":"/terms/blood-brain-barrier/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct04762069","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Berubicin in Adult Subjects With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme","route":"/trials/nct04762069/"},{"id":"nct05382338","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Treatment for Medulloblastoma Using Sodium Thiosulfate to Reduce Hearing Loss","route":"/trials/nct05382338/"},{"id":"acns1422","kind":"trial","name":"ACNS1422","route":"/trials/acns1422/"},{"id":"actuate-1801","kind":"trial","name":"Actuate 1801 Part 3B (elraglusib)","route":"/trials/actuate-1801/"},{"id":"codel","kind":"trial","name":"CODEL","route":"/trials/codel/"},{"id":"acns0331","kind":"trial","name":"COG ACNS0331","route":"/trials/acns0331/"},{"id":"eortc-26951","kind":"trial","name":"EORTC 26951","route":"/trials/eortc-26951/"},{"id":"gbm-agile","kind":"trial","name":"GBM AGILE","route":"/trials/gbm-agile/"},{"id":"rtog-9402","kind":"trial","name":"RTOG 9402","route":"/trials/rtog-9402/"},{"id":"nct00003788","kind":"trial","name":"Surgery, Radiation Therapy, and Chemotherapy With or Without Photodynamic Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Malignant Supratentorial Gliomas","route":"/trials/nct00003788/"}],"person":[{"id":"michael-weller","kind":"person","name":"Michael Weller","route":"/people/michael-weller/"}],"drug":[{"id":"mebendazole","kind":"drug","name":"Mebendazole","route":"/drugs/mebendazole/"},{"id":"procarbazine","kind":"drug","name":"Procarbazine","route":"/drugs/procarbazine/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-patil-mebendazole-glioma-phase-1-cancer-med-2020","kind":"paper","name":"Reverse swing-M, phase 1 study of repurposing mebendazole in recurrent high-grade glioma","route":"/key-papers/paper-patil-mebendazole-glioma-phase-1-cancer-med-2020/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"base-excision-repair-parp","kind":"pathway","name":"Base excision repair, PARP & alkylation damage","route":"/pathways/base-excision-repair-parp/"},{"id":"glioma-signalling","kind":"pathway","name":"Glioma (KEGG map)","route":"/pathways/glioma-signalling/"},{"id":"blood-brain-barrier-metastasis","kind":"pathway","name":"The blood-brain barrier & brain metastasis","route":"/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-metastasis/"}]}}