{"entity":{"id":"igf1r","kind":"target","name":"IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R)","aka":[],"tldr":"The IGF-1 receptor is a growth-factor receptor that many cancers use to survive; a decade of antibodies and kinase inhibitors against it failed in trials, a cautionary tale in oncology drug development.","summary":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase closely related to the insulin receptor that promotes growth and survival through PI3K-AKT and MAPK signalling. Antibodies (ganitumab, figitumumab, dalotuzumab) and small molecules (linsitinib) were tested in lung, breast, pancreatic and Ewing sarcoma without meeting their endpoints, partly because of insulin receptor compensation and hyperglycaemia. The only approved IGF1R antibody, teprotumumab, treats thyroid eye disease rather than cancer.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor","links":[{"label":"UniProt P08069: IGF1R","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P08069/entry"},{"label":"HGNC:5465 IGF1R","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:5465"},{"label":"ChEMBL target CHEMBL1957","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/target/CHEMBL1957"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["ewing-sarcoma","nsclc","breast-hr-positive"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"IGF1R","role":[],"sources":[],"specificitySources":[],"hgnc":"HGNC:5465","ensembl":"ENSG00000140443","uniprot":"P08069","entrez":"3480","firstDescribed":1986,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Ullrich et al, EMBO J, 1986, \"Insulin-like growth factor I receptor primary structure: comparison with insulin receptor suggests structural determinants that define functional specificity\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2877871/","biology":"A heterotetrameric receptor kinase activated by IGF-1 and IGF-2; hybrid receptors with the insulin receptor complicate selective blockade.","whereFound":["Ewing sarcoma, breast, lung and pancreatic cancers (expressed)","Most normal tissues at lower levels"],"targetClass":"kinase","prevalence":[{"cancerId":"metastatic-cancer","pct":"all","measure":"Signalling protein present in most cells (IGF-1 receptor, widely expressed; a decade of trials found no selecting marker); drugs act on the pathway rather than on a mutation that selects patients, so no prevalence applies."}]},"route":"/targets/igf1r/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"ewing-sarcoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Ewing sarcoma","route":"/cancers/ewing-sarcoma/"},{"id":"breast-hr-positive","kind":"cancer","name":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","route":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"}]}}