{"entity":{"id":"goserelin","kind":"drug","name":"Goserelin / leuprolide (ovarian function suppression)","aka":[],"tldr":"Monthly or 3-monthly injections that switch off the ovaries, letting premenopausal women use aromatase inhibitors and lowering recurrence in higher-risk cases.","summary":"Goserelin and leuprolide are GnRH agonists: continuous stimulation of the GnRH receptor desensitises the pituitary, suppressing LH and FSH and therefore ovarian oestradiol, producing a reversible medical menopause. In premenopausal women with HR-positive breast cancer this ovarian function suppression (OFS) lets an aromatase inhibitor be used and lowers recurrence in higher-risk cases. SOFT and TEXT showed OFS plus exemestane or tamoxifen reduces recurrence versus tamoxifen alone, with absolute gains largest in women who needed chemotherapy (12-year DFS 80.5% versus 75.9% for exemestane plus OFS versus tamoxifen plus OFS). They are also used for fertility preservation during chemotherapy (POEMS). Hot flushes, vaginal dryness and bone loss are common, so who gains enough to justify five years of induced menopause is a judgement call. In short, these injections switch the ovaries off.","status":"approved","asOf":"2026-09-07","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goserelin","links":[{"label":"FDA label (DailyMed)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=Goserelin"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["breast-hr-positive","hr-positive-early-high-risk"],"sections":[],"technologies":["endocrine-therapy"],"targets":["estrogen-receptor"],"drugs":[],"companies":["eurofarma"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["ovarian-function-suppression"],"trials":["soft-text","nct02960022"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"brand":"Zoladex; Lupron","modality":"GnRH agonist","mechanism":"Continuous GnRH receptor stimulation desensitises the pituitary, suppressing LH/FSH and ovarian oestradiol.","approvals":[{"region":"US","year":1989,"indication":"Advanced breast cancer (goserelin); prostate cancer"}],"mechanismSteps":[],"dosing":{"route":"Subcutaneous implant / intramuscular depot","schedule":"Goserelin 3.6 mg monthly or 10.8 mg 3-monthly; leuprolide 3.75 mg monthly or 11.25 mg 3-monthly, for 5 years","monitoring":"Oestradiol to confirm suppression; bone density"},"toxicity":[{"event":"Hot flushes","anyGradePct":93},{"event":"Vaginal dryness / sexual dysfunction","anyGradePct":50},{"event":"Bone loss","anyGradePct":30}],"access":[],"regulatoryEvents":[]},"route":"/drugs/goserelin/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"hr-positive-early-high-risk","kind":"cancer","name":"High-risk early HR-positive breast cancer","route":"/cancers/hr-positive-early-high-risk/"},{"id":"breast-hr-positive","kind":"cancer","name":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","route":"/cancers/breast-hr-positive/"},{"id":"male-breast-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Male breast cancer","route":"/cancers/male-breast-cancer/"}],"technology":[{"id":"cancer-treatment-bone-loss","kind":"technology","name":"Bone loss caused by cancer treatment, and what rebuilds it","route":"/technologies/cancer-treatment-bone-loss/"},{"id":"endocrine-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Endocrine therapy (SERMs, AIs, SERDs)","route":"/technologies/endocrine-therapy/"},{"id":"menopause-after-cancer-treatment","kind":"technology","name":"Menopause brought on by cancer treatment, and the options for it","route":"/technologies/menopause-after-cancer-treatment/"},{"id":"ovarian-function-after-chemotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Ovarian function after chemotherapy: who recovers, and when","route":"/technologies/ovarian-function-after-chemotherapy/"}],"target":[{"id":"estrogen-receptor","kind":"target","name":"Estrogen receptor (ERα)","route":"/targets/estrogen-receptor/"},{"id":"gnrhr","kind":"target","name":"GnRH receptor (GNRHR)","route":"/targets/gnrhr/"}],"company":[{"id":"eurofarma","kind":"company","name":"Eurofarma","route":"/companies/eurofarma/"}],"term":[{"id":"ovarian-function-suppression","kind":"term","name":"Ovarian function suppression (OFS)","route":"/terms/ovarian-function-suppression/"},{"id":"prostate-adt-burden","kind":"term","name":"What androgen deprivation costs: the side of hormone therapy the survival curves do not show","route":"/terms/prostate-adt-burden/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct02960022","kind":"trial","name":"A Study for Subjects With Prostate Cancer Who Previously Participated in an Enzalutamide Clinical Study","route":"/trials/nct02960022/"},{"id":"nct02132390","kind":"trial","name":"Adjuvant Toremifene With or Without Goserrelin in Premenopausal Women With Stage I-IIIA, Hormonal Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Accompanied With or Without Chemotherapy Induced Amenorrhoea","route":"/trials/nct02132390/"},{"id":"dart-01-05-gicor","kind":"trial","name":"DART 01/05 GICOR","route":"/trials/dart-01-05-gicor/"},{"id":"nct02003209","kind":"trial","name":"Docetaxel, Carboplatin, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab With or Without Estrogen Deprivation in Treating Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Positive Operable or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer","route":"/trials/nct02003209/"},{"id":"eortc-22863","kind":"trial","name":"EORTC 22863","route":"/trials/eortc-22863/"},{"id":"nct00002881","kind":"trial","name":"Flutamide, Suramin, and Hydrocortisone in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct00002881/"},{"id":"getug-afu-16","kind":"trial","name":"GETUG-AFU 16","route":"/trials/getug-afu-16/"},{"id":"nct00003653","kind":"trial","name":"Hormone Therapy in Treating Patients With Rising PSA Levels Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct00003653/"},{"id":"nct00055731","kind":"trial","name":"Hormone Therapy With or Without Docetaxel And Estramustine in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer That is Locally Advanced or At High Risk of Relapse","route":"/trials/nct00055731/"},{"id":"nct00002633","kind":"trial","name":"Hormone Therapy With or Without Surgery or Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct00002633/"},{"id":"nct00884273","kind":"trial","name":"Investigation of the Effect of Degarelix in Terms of Prostate Volume Reduction in Prostate Cancer Patients","route":"/trials/nct00884273/"},{"id":"nct00833248","kind":"trial","name":"Neoadjuvant Study Investigating Degarelix in Patients Suffering From Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct00833248/"},{"id":"nct00567580","kind":"trial","name":"Prostate Radiation Therapy or Short-Term Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Pelvic Lymph Node Radiation Therapy With or Without Prostate Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With a Rising Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) After Surgery for Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct00567580/"},{"id":"nct00936390","kind":"trial","name":"Radiation Therapy With or Without Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct00936390/"},{"id":"rtog-9202","kind":"trial","name":"RTOG 92-02","route":"/trials/rtog-9202/"},{"id":"soft-text","kind":"trial","name":"SOFT & TEXT","route":"/trials/soft-text/"},{"id":"nct03678025","kind":"trial","name":"Standard Systemic Therapy With or Without Definitive Treatment in Treating Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct03678025/"},{"id":"nct01394263","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Histrelin Subdermal Implant in Patients With Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct01394263/"},{"id":"nct04423211","kind":"trial","name":"Treating Prostate Cancer That Has Come Back After Surgery With Apalutamide and Targeted Radiation Based on PET Imaging","route":"/trials/nct04423211/"},{"id":"nct04513717","kind":"trial","name":"Two Studies for Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer Testing Less Intense Treatment for Patients With a Low Gene Risk Score and Testing a More Intense Treatment for Patients With a High Gene Risk Score, The PREDICT-RT Trial","route":"/trials/nct04513717/"}],"drug":[{"id":"buserelin","kind":"drug","name":"Buserelin","route":"/drugs/buserelin/"},{"id":"histrelin","kind":"drug","name":"Histrelin","route":"/drugs/histrelin/"},{"id":"triptorelin","kind":"drug","name":"Triptorelin","route":"/drugs/triptorelin/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"hormonal-therapy-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Hormonal therapy roadmap: removing the ovaries → tamoxifen → oral degraders switched by a blood test","route":"/roadmaps/hormonal-therapy-roadmap/"}]}}