{"entity":{"id":"gnai2","kind":"target","name":"GNAI2","aka":["G protein subunit alpha i2","Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2","GNAI2B"],"tldr":"GNAI2 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2) is a gene that drives cell growth when it is altered. The public catalogues list it as an oncogene driver and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma.","summary":"Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signalling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signalling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding.\n\nCIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 1 variant. IntOGen calls it a driver in 1 cohort (1 activating, 0 loss-of-function), covering Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:4385","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4385"},{"label":"UniProt P04899","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P04899/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 2771","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2771"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000114353","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000114353"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","intogen"],"cancers":["non-hodgkin-lymphoma","burkitt-lymphoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 1 cohort; CIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.","Diseases the sources name that have no OnCo cancer page yet, so they are not linked: EZB Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"GNAI2","role":["oncogene-driver","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:4385","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4385","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P04899","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P04899/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene GNAI2","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/2312","note":"2 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Burkitt Lymphoma, EZB Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen GNAI2","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=GNAI2","note":"driver in 1 cohort (Act 1, LoF 0); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"specificity":"tumour-specific","distribution":"one-type","specificityNote":"Tumour-specific alteration: the catalogues call it an oncogene driver (IntOGen cohort analysis finds it activated more often than chance); what a medicine would aim at or exploit is the altered form or its loss, absent from normal cells; no corpus medicine is aimed at it yet. HPA GNAI2: RNA low tissue specificity; high antibody staining in 12 normal tissues; highest cancer staining lymphoma (5 of 12 high). Distribution: 1 cancer family in the corpus carries a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Lymphoma); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 6 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"UniProt P04899","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P04899/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene GNAI2","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/2312","note":"2 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Burkitt Lymphoma, EZB Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen GNAI2","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=GNAI2","note":"driver in 1 cohort (Act 1, LoF 0); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas GNAI2 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000114353-GNAI2/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000114353 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000114353/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:4385","ensembl":"ENSG00000114353","uniprot":"P04899","entrez":"2771","firstDescribed":1987,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Didsbury J.R. et al, FEBS Lett, 1987, \"Human Gi protein alpha-subunit: deduction of amino acid structure from a cloned cDNA\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3100330/","biology":"Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signalling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signalling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. Examples of interacting GPCRs include the adenosine A1 receptor/ADORA1, CNR1, and FPR2. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numerous regulatory proteins. Location: Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome; Cell membrane; Membrane (UniProt). Locus 3p21.31 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (NHL)","Burkitt lymphoma: CIViC evidence names this disease"],"targetClass":"oncogene","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/gnai2/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"burkitt-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Burkitt lymphoma","route":"/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/"},{"id":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)","route":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/"}]}}