{"entity":{"id":"glioma-car-t","kind":"technology","name":"CAR-T for glioma (IL13Rα2, GD2, EGFRvIII, multi-target)","aka":[],"tldr":"Engineered immune cells delivered directly into the brain or spinal fluid. Some children with diffuse midline glioma, a brainstem tumour with no curative treatment, have had striking, if temporary, responses.","summary":"City of Hope IL13Rα2 CAR-T (intraventricular; one complete response 2016, phase 1 of 65 patients 2024 with 50% stable disease or better). Stanford GD2 CAR-T for H3K27M diffuse midline glioma (Majzner/Monje; Nature 2022 and 2024: radiographic and clinical improvement in most, one durable complete response). Penn EGFRvIII CAR-T showed antigen loss; dual-target CARv3-TEAM-E (MGH, 2024-26) and multi-antigen and locoregional approaches follow. Barriers: heterogeneity, antigen loss, exhaustion, neurotoxicity in a closed space.","status":"phase-1","asOf":"2026-09-06","links":[{"label":"Majzner et al., GD2-CAR T cell therapy for H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas (Nature 2022)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04489-4"},{"label":"Brown et al., Regression of glioblastoma after IL13Ralpha2 CAR T-cell therapy (NEJM 2016)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1610497"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["glioblastoma","neuroblastoma"],"sections":["cell-therapy"],"technologies":["car-t","armored-car"],"targets":["egfr"],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":["city-of-hope","stanford","mgh","penn-abramson"],"pathways":[],"terms":["h3k27m","egfrviii"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":["paper-majzner-nature","paper-brown-n-engl-j-med"],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Locoregional (intraventricular or intratumoural) delivery of CAR-T against glioma-restricted antigens, often repeated.","strengths":["Bypasses BBB via direct CNS delivery","Proof of activity in DIPG and recurrent GBM"],"limitations":["Transient responses, antigen escape","Tumour inflammation-associated neurotoxicity (TIAN)","Manufacturing and repeat dosing logistics"]},"route":"/technologies/glioma-car-t/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"dipg-dmg","kind":"cancer","name":"Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (including DIPG)","route":"/cancers/dipg-dmg/"},{"id":"glioblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Glioma & glioblastoma","route":"/cancers/glioblastoma/"},{"id":"neuroblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Neuroblastoma (paediatric)","route":"/cancers/neuroblastoma/"},{"id":"paediatric-high-grade-glioma","kind":"cancer","name":"Paediatric high-grade glioma (excluding diffuse midline glioma)","route":"/cancers/paediatric-high-grade-glioma/"}],"section":[{"id":"cell-therapy","kind":"section","name":"Cell Therapy","route":"/fronts/cell-therapy/"}],"technology":[{"id":"armored-car","kind":"technology","name":"Armoured, logic-gated & next-gen CARs","route":"/technologies/armored-car/"},{"id":"car-t","kind":"technology","name":"CAR-T cell therapy","route":"/technologies/car-t/"}],"target":[{"id":"egfr","kind":"target","name":"EGFR","route":"/targets/egfr/"}],"institution":[{"id":"penn-abramson","kind":"institution","name":"Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania","route":"/institutions/penn-abramson/"},{"id":"city-of-hope","kind":"institution","name":"City of Hope","route":"/institutions/city-of-hope/"},{"id":"mgh","kind":"institution","name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/mgh/"},{"id":"stanford","kind":"institution","name":"Stanford Health Care / Stanford Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/stanford/"}],"term":[{"id":"blood-brain-barrier","kind":"term","name":"Blood-brain barrier (BBB)","route":"/terms/blood-brain-barrier/"},{"id":"egfrviii","kind":"term","name":"EGFRvIII","route":"/terms/egfrviii/"},{"id":"h3k27m","kind":"term","name":"H3 K27M (diffuse midline glioma)","route":"/terms/h3k27m/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-majzner-nature","kind":"paper","name":"GD2-CAR T cell therapy for H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas","route":"/key-papers/paper-majzner-nature/"},{"id":"paper-brown-n-engl-j-med","kind":"paper","name":"Regression of Glioblastoma after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy","route":"/key-papers/paper-brown-n-engl-j-med/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-bio2-intraventricular-car-t","kind":"idea","name":"Deliver CAR-T cells straight into the fluid around the brain","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-intraventricular-car-t/"},{"id":"idea-neoadjuvant-io-glioblastoma","kind":"idea","name":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with surgical window for glioblastoma","route":"/ideas/idea-neoadjuvant-io-glioblastoma/"},{"id":"idea-bio2-fus-for-cell-entry","kind":"idea","name":"Open the barrier so engineered immune cells can enter the brain","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-fus-for-cell-entry/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-brain-delivery","kind":"bottleneck","name":"The brain: barrier and sanctuary","route":"/bottlenecks/b-brain-delivery/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"blood-brain-barrier-metastasis","kind":"pathway","name":"The blood-brain barrier & brain metastasis","route":"/pathways/blood-brain-barrier-metastasis/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"paediatric-oncology-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Paediatric oncology roadmap: cooperative-group cures → engineered immunity → drugs developed for children first","route":"/roadmaps/paediatric-oncology-roadmap/"}]}}