{"entity":{"id":"fos","kind":"target","name":"FOS","aka":["Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit","c-fos","AP-1"],"tldr":"FOS (Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit) is a gene. The public catalogues list it as a drug target and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Colorectal cancer.","summary":"Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. In the heterodimer, FOS and JUN/AP-1 basic regions each seems to interact with symmetrical DNA half sites. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signalling.\n\nCIViC holds 3 clinical evidence items and 1 assertion across 2 variants, naming Irbesartan.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:3796","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3796"},{"label":"UniProt P01100","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01100/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 2353","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2353"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000170345","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000170345"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic"],"cancers":["colorectal"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 1 therapies; CIViC holds 3 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.","Diseases the sources name that have no OnCo cancer page yet, so they are not linked: Osteoblastoma."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"FOS","role":["drug-target","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:3796","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3796","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P01100","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01100/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene FOS","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/1955","note":"3 evidence items, 1 assertions, 2 variants; diseases: Osteoblastoma, Colon Adenocarcinoma (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"specificity":"broadly-expressed","distribution":"one-type","specificityNote":"Broadly expressed or essential: HPA finds the RNA at low tissue specificity; a medicine acting on the wild-type protein would expose normal tissue too. HPA FOS: RNA low tissue specificity; blood lineage lineage enriched (granulocytes 507 nTPM); high antibody staining in 11 normal tissues; highest cancer staining head and neck cancer (2 of 3 high). Distribution: 1 cancer family in the corpus carries a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Colorectal cancer); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 7 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas FOS tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000170345-FOS/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000170345 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000170345/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:3796","ensembl":"ENSG00000170345","uniprot":"P01100","entrez":"2353","firstDescribed":1983,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: van Straaten et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 1983, \"Complete nucleotide sequence of a human c-onc gene: deduced amino acid sequence of the human c-fos protein\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6574479/","biology":"Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. In the heterodimer, FOS and JUN/AP-1 basic regions each seems to interact with symmetrical DNA half sites. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signalling. Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and PI4K2A. Location: Nucleus; Endoplasmic reticulum; Cytoplasm, cytosol (UniProt). Locus 14q24.3 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Colorectal cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease"],"targetClass":"other","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/fos/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"colorectal","kind":"cancer","name":"Colorectal cancer","route":"/cancers/colorectal/"}]}}