{"entity":{"id":"follicular-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Follicular lymphoma","aka":[],"tldr":"Follicular lymphoma is the most common slow-growing lymphoma, defined in about 85% of cases by a BCL2 translocation. Most people live with it for decades, treated only when it causes problems; it can be controlled repeatedly with anti-CD20 antibodies, chemotherapy, bispecifics or CAR-T but rarely cured, and a small share transform into an aggressive lymphoma each year.","summary":"Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent germinal-centre B-cell lymphoma defined by t(14;18) BCL2 overexpression in ~85% and frequent CREBBP, KMT2D and EZH2 mutations. Median survival now exceeds 15-20 years, so the questions are when to treat, how to avoid over-treatment, and how to manage the ~20% who progress within 24 months (POD24) and the 2-3% per year who transform to DLBCL.\n\nAsymptomatic low-burden disease is watched or given rituximab monotherapy; symptomatic or high-burden disease receives anti-CD20 (rituximab or obinutuzumab) with bendamustine, CHOP or CVP, or with lenalidomide (R², RELEVANCE), usually followed by anti-CD20 maintenance (PRIMA). Relapsed disease has the richest menu in lymphoma: lenalidomide-rituximab (AUGMENT), CD20×CD3 bispecifics (mosunetuzumab 2022, epcoritamab 2024, odronextamab EU), CD19 CAR-T (axicabtagene 2021, tisagenlecleucel 2022, lisocabtagene 2024), zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab (ROSEWOOD, 2024) and radioimmunotherapy historically. Tazemetostat (EZH2) was withdrawn worldwide in March 2026.\n\nOpen questions: whether bispecifics or CAR-T should move to second line or even first line (EPCORE FL-1, MorningSun), PET/ctDNA-guided de-escalation, and biology-based prediction of POD24 and transformation.","asOf":"2026-09-08","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_lymphoma","links":[{"label":"NCCN Guidelines: B-Cell Lymphomas","url":"https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1480"},{"label":"NCI PDQ: adult NHL","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq"},{"label":"Lymphoma Research Foundation: FL","url":"https://lymphoma.org/understanding-lymphoma/aboutlymphoma/nhl/fl/"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: helpline services","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/support-you/helpline-services"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: questions to ask your medical team about lymphoma","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/tests-scans-and-lymphoma-staging/questions-ask-your-medical-team-about-lymphoma"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: follow-up after lymphoma treatment","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/follow-after-lymphoma-treatment"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: infections, risk and prevention","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/infections-risk-and-prevention"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: neutropenia (low neutrophils)","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/neutropenia-low-neutrophils"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: cancer-related fatigue","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/cancer-related-fatigue"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: lymphoma, work and you","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/day-day-living/lymphoma-work-and-you"},{"label":"Maggie's: support and information","url":"https://www.maggies.org/support-and-information/"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: follicular lymphoma","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/types-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/follicular-lymphoma"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: active monitoring (watch and wait)","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/lymphoma-treatment/active-monitoring-watch-and-wait"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: transformation of lymphoma","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/types-lymphoma/transformation-lymphoma"},{"label":"Lymphoma Action: the emotional impact of living with lymphoma","url":"https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/emotional-impact-living-lymphoma"},{"label":"Ardeshna et al., rituximab versus a watch and wait approach in asymptomatic advanced follicular lymphoma, Lancet Oncology 2014 (379 patients)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70027-0"},{"label":"Macmillan: non-Hodgkin lymphoma","url":"https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma"}],"tags":["gap-fill","haematologic"],"related":["lymphoma-research-foundation","marginal-zone-lymphoma","waldenstrom","mantle-cell-lymphoma","dlbcl","bcl2-rearrangement","ezh2-y646-mutation","double-hit-rearrangement","ig-tcr-clonality","lymphoma-roadmap","lymphoma-ev-fixed-duration-chemotherapy-free-first-line","lymphoma-ev-ctdna-instead-of-the-interim-scan"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":["monoclonal-antibody","t-cell-engager","car-t","pet-ct","radioimmunotherapy","palliative-care","psycho-oncology","peer-support-groups","survivorship-care-plan","fertility-preservation","financial-navigation","cbt-fatigue-distress","exercise-during-chemotherapy","multidisciplinary-tumour-board","oncology-nutrition","prehabilitation","bispecific-antibody","cytogenetics-fish","histopathology-ihc","cgp"],"targets":["cd20","cd19","cd3","bcl2","ezh2","btk","crebbp","ep300","kmt2d","cd79b","myc-gene","tp53"],"drugs":["rituximab","obinutuzumab","bendamustine","lenalidomide","mosunetuzumab","epcoritamab","odronextamab","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","tisagenlecleucel","lisocabtagene-maraleucel","zanubrutinib","tazemetostat","chlorambucil","ibritumomab-tiuxetan","tafasitamab"],"companies":["roche-genentech","genmab","abbvie","gilead","beone","regeneron","haihe-biopharma"],"institutions":[],"pathways":["apoptosis-bcl2","germinal-centre-reaction","epigenetic-reprogramming"],"terms":["lugano-classification","histologic-transformation","deauville-score","flipi","lymphoma-tx-pod24","lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait","lymphoma-tx-maintenance","lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy","lymphoma-tx-bispecific-step-up","lymphoma-tx-car-t-pathway","lymphoma-tx-uk-access","cancer-related-fatigue","late-effects","febrile-neutropenia","neutropenia","financial-toxicity","central-venous-access","hypogammaglobulinaemia","performance-status","quality-of-life","lymphoma-decision-watch-and-wait","lymphoma-decision-trial","lymphoma-decision-fertility-timing","lymphoma-living-indolent-lymphoma","lymphoma-living-scanxiety-and-surveillance","lymphoma-living-fatigue","lymphoma-living-infection-years-after","lymphoma-living-vaccinations","lymphoma-living-returning-to-work","watchful-waiting","deauville","lymphoma-bio-germinal-centre","lymphoma-bio-transformation","lymphoma-bio-antigen-escape"],"trials":["nct07634471","nct07562022","nct06097364","nct04712097","nct06549595","nct06149286","nct06191744","nct06911502","nct04224493","nct01804686","nct04680052","nct06091254","nct05100862","nct05888493","nct05409066","nct05371093","augment","zuma-5","gallium","relevance","prima-follicular","trog-99-03","elara","rosewood","fortplus","mosun-lbt-fl"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["hematological-oncology"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Living with follicular lymphoma, the decisions and the people who make them: This is orientation from public patient pages, guidelines and the trials themselves, not advice for your case: your own team's instructions and the 24-hour number they gave you come first, and no figure here is a prediction about you. The decision records, the question sets, the first 60 days checklist and the red cards on this page were written from the NHS, Lymphoma Action, Macmillan and Cancer Research UK patient pages, from NICE NG52, NG47, CG151 and NG234, from the NHS Breast Screening Programme protocols and the Green Book, and from the trial reports named beside each figure, all read on 1 October 2026.","On being told nobody will treat it. Lymphoma Action's page on active monitoring is the best patient-facing account of this in English and is quoted at length in the decision record, including a person on monitoring describing it as counter-intuitive and a psychological rather than a physical challenge. The randomised evidence behind the approach is a British-led trial of 379 people with asymptomatic, non-bulky, advanced follicular lymphoma, in which early rituximab delayed the need for chemotherapy or radiotherapy without a difference in overall survival."],"group":"haematologic","burden":"Follicular lymphoma is the second most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the West (~20% of NHL; about 3-4 per 100,000 per year), median age ~65.","subtypes":["Classic FL (grades 1-3A)","Follicular large B-cell lymphoma (formerly 3B)","FL with unusual cytological features","Duodenal-type FL","Paediatric-type FL","Transformed FL"],"biomarkers":["t(14;18)/BCL2","FLIPI / FLIPI2 / m7-FLIPI","PET-CT (Lugano) staging and end-of-induction response","POD24 (progression within 24 months)","EZH2 mutation","ctDNA (investigational MRD)"],"standardOfCare":[{"setting":"Limited stage (I-II)","approach":"Involved-site radiotherapy 24 Gy (FoRT); rituximab alone or observation in selected cases.","refs":["rituximab","imrt-igrt","fort"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 1 (ISRT)","version":"NCCN Guidelines: B-Cell Lymphomas","url":"https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1480"}},{"setting":"Advanced, low burden, asymptomatic","approach":"Watch and wait (no survival penalty), or rituximab monotherapy to delay chemotherapy.","refs":["rituximab","active-surveillance"]},{"setting":"Advanced, high burden (GELF criteria)","approach":"Bendamustine-rituximab or bendamustine-obinutuzumab (GALLIUM), R-CHOP, or lenalidomide-rituximab (RELEVANCE); anti-CD20 maintenance 2 years (PRIMA).","refs":["rituximab","obinutuzumab","bendamustine","lenalidomide","gallium","relevance"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 1","esmoMcbs":"3 (GALLIUM)","version":"NCCN Guidelines: B-Cell Lymphomas"}},{"setting":"Relapsed (≥2 lines)","approach":"Lenalidomide-rituximab (AUGMENT); CD20×CD3 bispecific (mosunetuzumab, epcoritamab); CD19 CAR-T (axi-cel, tisa-cel, liso-cel); zanubrutinib + obinutuzumab; clinical trials.","refs":["mosunetuzumab","epcoritamab","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","tisagenlecleucel","lisocabtagene-maraleucel","zanubrutinib","odronextamab"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 2A","version":"NCCN Guidelines: B-Cell Lymphomas"}},{"setting":"Stage I and contiguous stage II follicular lymphoma: radiotherapy with curative intent","approach":"Truly localised follicular lymphoma, which means stage I or contiguous stage II confirmed on PET-CT and marrow assessment, is treated with 24 Gy in 12 fractions to an involved-site field and a substantial minority never relapse. PET staging matters: a quarter or more of patients thought to have stage I on CT are upstaged, and those are the ones who relapse outside the field.\n\nAdding systemic treatment lengthens remission without proven survival gain. TROG 99.03 randomised 150 patients after 30 Gy involved-field radiotherapy to observation or six cycles of CVP, with rituximab added from 2006: ten-year progression-free survival was 59 per cent with systemic therapy against 41 per cent with radiotherapy alone (hazard ratio 0.57), overall survival was not significantly different (95 against 87 per cent), and the effect was largest in the rituximab-containing subgroup. Four gray in two fractions is not an alternative for cure: FoRT found it clearly inferior to 24 Gy for local control.\n\nObservation is a defensible option in an older patient with a small, asymptomatic node, and so is rituximab alone. Doing nothing is not the same as doing nothing wrong.","refs":["paper-fort-4gy-vs-24gy-indolent-lymphoma-hoskin-lancet-oncol-2014","lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy","imrt-igrt","fdg-pet","rituximab","cyclophosphamide","vincristine","prednisone","lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait","flipi"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN B-Cell Lymphomas; ESMO; TROG 99.03, FoRT","url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.77.9892"}},{"setting":"Advanced follicular lymphoma with no symptoms: watch and wait, or rituximab alone","approach":"Starting chemotherapy early does not lengthen life in asymptomatic, low-burden disease, and a third of people never need treatment in the first few years. The British-led trial that settled this randomised 379 patients with asymptomatic, non-bulky, advanced disease: at three years, 46 per cent of those watched had not needed treatment against 88 per cent of those given four weekly doses of rituximab and two years of maintenance (hazard ratio 0.21), with no overall survival difference. So rituximab delays the next treatment; it does not extend life, and it costs two years of visits.\n\nThe GELF criteria are the usual trigger to treat: a mass of 7 cm or more, three or more nodal sites each 3 cm or more, B symptoms, splenomegaly, effusion, cytopenias or a leukaemic phase. Monitoring is clinic review and bloods every three to six months; routine scanning of a well person finds little.","refs":["lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait","watchful-waiting","rituximab","flipi","lymphoma-tx-maintenance"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 1 (observation for low tumour burden)","version":"NCCN B-Cell Lymphomas; ESMO; Ardeshna 2014","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70027-0"}},{"setting":"Advanced follicular lymphoma needing treatment: which induction, and whether to add maintenance","approach":"Chemoimmunotherapy is the usual first treatment, and the choice of chemotherapy backbone is made on toxicity. Bendamustine with rituximab gave median progression-free survival of 69.5 against 31.2 months for R-CHOP in the StiL NHL1 trial of indolent and mantle cell lymphoma (hazard ratio 0.58), with no alopecia, less haematological toxicity, fewer infections and far less neuropathy, and is the commonest first choice; it does deplete T cells for a long time, which matters for anyone who may need CAR-T later. R-CHOP is preferred where transformation is suspected. R-CVP is the gentlest.\n\nObinutuzumab instead of rituximab improves progression-free survival: GALLIUM randomised 1,401 patients and gave three-year progression-free survival of 80.0 against 73.3 per cent (hazard ratio 0.66), at the cost of more grade 3 to 5 adverse events (74.6 against 67.8 per cent) and more infusion reactions.\n\nChemotherapy-free induction is a real alternative. RELEVANCE randomised 1,030 patients to rituximab with lenalidomide or rituximab with the investigator's chemotherapy: complete response at 120 weeks was 48 against 53 per cent and median progression-free survival 120.2 against 123.8 months (hazard ratio 0.92), so R-squared is not superior but is equivalent, with less neutropenia (32 against 50 per cent) and more rash.\n\nMaintenance rituximab for two years afterwards lengthens remission substantially and does not lengthen life: in PRIMA median progression-free survival was 10.5 against 4.1 years but ten-year overall survival was about 80 per cent in both arms. It is a choice, not a requirement.","refs":["gallium","relevance","obinutuzumab","rituximab","bendamustine","lenalidomide","r-chop","cyclophosphamide","vincristine","prednisone","lymphoma-tx-maintenance","paper-rummel-lancet","paper-gallium-obinutuzumab-first-line-follicular-lymphoma-marcus-nejm-2017","paper-relevance-rituximab-lenalidomide-follicular-lymphoma-morschhauser-nejm-2018"],"guideline":{"nccn":"Category 1","version":"NCCN B-Cell Lymphomas; ESMO; GALLIUM, RELEVANCE, StiL NHL1, PRIMA","url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.01073"}},{"setting":"Progression within two years of first chemotherapy (POD24): biopsy first, then a different class of treatment","approach":"About one in five people treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy progress within two years, and their five-year overall survival in the National LymphoCare Study was 50 per cent against 90 per cent for everyone else, a difference that held after adjusting for FLIPI.\n\nThe first step is a repeat biopsy, because transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the commonest explanation and is treated as aggressive lymphoma. If it is still follicular, the plan changes class rather than repeating it: CD19 CAR-T (ZUMA-5 reported an overall response of 92 per cent and complete response 74 per cent; ELARA with tisagenlecleucel reported complete response 69.1 per cent and overall response 86.2 per cent), a CD20 bispecific antibody, or lenalidomide with rituximab. A clinical trial is a reasonable first choice at this point. Autologous transplant still has a role in younger patients with chemosensitive early relapse and is used less than it was.","refs":["lymphoma-tx-pod24","zuma-5","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","tisagenlecleucel","mosunetuzumab","odronextamab","epcoritamab","lenalidomide","rituximab","car-t","lymphoma-tx-car-t-pathway","autologous-stem-cell-transplant","flipi"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN B-Cell Lymphomas; ESMO; ZUMA-5, ELARA","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01622-0"}},{"setting":"Relapsed follicular lymphoma after two or more lines: bispecific antibodies, CAR-T and R-squared","approach":"Nothing here is curative and all of it can produce long remissions, so the choice is about duration of treatment, side effects and how far a person is willing to travel.\n\nFixed-duration bispecific antibodies. Mosunetuzumab, given intravenously in 21-day cycles with step-up dosing and stopped after eight cycles in complete responders, produced a complete response in 60.0 per cent of 90 patients after two or more lines. Odronextamab in ELM-2 gave an objective response of 80.0 per cent, complete response 73.4 per cent and median progression-free survival 20.7 months in 128 patients, with grade 3 or worse cytokine release syndrome of 1.7 per cent using the split step-up. Epcoritamab is approved in combination with rituximab and lenalidomide.\n\nCAR-T. Axicabtagene ciloleucel (ZUMA-5) and tisagenlecleucel (ELARA) both produce high complete response rates with remissions that are lasting in a substantial minority; the trade is a single intensive episode against repeated outpatient treatment.\n\nRituximab with lenalidomide. AUGMENT randomised 358 patients with relapsed follicular or marginal zone lymphoma to lenalidomide with rituximab or rituximab with placebo: median progression-free survival 39.4 against 14.1 months (hazard ratio 0.46), with grade 3 to 4 neutropenia in 50 against 13 per cent.\n\nAntibody and inhibitor combinations approved since 2024. Tafasitamab with lenalidomide and rituximab received traditional United States approval on 18 June 2025 on the inMIND trial, with a label note that it is not indicated in relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma outside a trial. Zanubrutinib with obinutuzumab was given accelerated approval on 7 March 2024 on ROSEWOOD. Lisocabtagene maraleucel's follicular approval of 15 May 2024 converted to traditional approval on 20 February 2026, and a separate marginal zone lymphoma approval followed on 4 December 2025.\n\nOther options: a different chemoimmunotherapy backbone from the one used before, obinutuzumab with bendamustine in rituximab-refractory disease, tazemetostat for EZH2-mutant disease or where nothing else is suitable, radiotherapy to a single symptomatic site, and radioimmunotherapy where it is still available. The PI3K inhibitors (idelalisib, duvelisib, copanlisib) have largely been withdrawn from this indication on the basis of toxicity and unconfirmed benefit.","refs":["augment","zuma-5","mosunetuzumab","odronextamab","epcoritamab","lenalidomide","rituximab","obinutuzumab","bendamustine","tazemetostat","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","tisagenlecleucel","lisocabtagene-maraleucel","tafasitamab","zanubrutinib","radioimmunotherapy","lymphoma-tx-bispecific-step-up","lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy","paper-augment-lenalidomide-rituximab-leonard-jco-2019"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN B-Cell Lymphomas; ESMO; AUGMENT, ELM-2, mosunetuzumab phase 2","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2024.08.2239"}},{"setting":"Transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","approach":"Suspected when a single site grows quickly, LDH rises, B symptoms appear or the PET shows one site far brighter than the rest; confirmed by biopsy of that site, which is why a repeat biopsy rather than a scan is the right first step. It occurs in roughly 2 to 3 per cent of patients a year.\n\nTreatment follows the aggressive lymphoma pathway, not the follicular one. In a patient who has had little or no previous chemotherapy, R-CHOP or pola-R-CHP with the intent to cure, often followed by consideration of autologous transplant consolidation. In a patient who has already had several lines, CD19 CAR-T; transformed disease was included in the pivotal CAR-T populations. Bispecific antibodies are active. The outlook is better than it was when transformation was treated with more of the same.","refs":["r-chop","polarix","polatuzumab-vedotin","rituximab","axicabtagene-ciloleucel","lisocabtagene-maraleucel","glofitamab","epcoritamab","autologous-stem-cell-transplant","fdg-pet","lymphoma-tx-car-t-pathway","lymphoma-tx-pod24"],"guideline":{"version":"NCCN B-Cell Lymphomas; ESMO","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq"}}],"stateOfArt":["Chemotherapy-free options now exist at every line: R² first line, bispecifics and BTK-anti-CD20 combinations at relapse.","CAR-T gives durable remissions in heavily pretreated FL (ZUMA-5 ~50% progression-free at 4 years) and is being tested against bispecifics.","POD24 identifies the high-risk fifth; how to treat them differently up front is still unknown.","Trials of bispecific plus lenalidomide first line (EPCORE FL-2, CELESTIMO) will decide whether chemotherapy leaves front-line FL.","The founding lesion is a mistake made years earlier. The t(14;18) translocation puts BCL2 under an immunoglobulin enhancer, and the breakpoint sequences show it was made by the VDJ recombinase at the pre-B-cell stage. A cell carrying it can be found in the blood of healthy people, so the translocation is the beginning of the story rather than the disease.","What makes it a lymphoma is chromatin. KMT2D was mutated in 89% of follicular lymphomas in the discovery series, CREBBP or EP300 in about 41%, and EZH2 at Tyr646 in 7.2%. The EZH2 mutations are gain-of-function, which is why tazemetostat works and why it is the only genotype-selected tablet in B-cell lymphoma. The seven genes of the m7-FLIPI score are largely this machinery.","Transformation is the event that changes everything. An indolent follicular lymphoma that acquires a MYC rearrangement, TP53 loss or CDKN2A deletion behaves as an aggressive lymphoma and is treated as one. The sign is usually one site growing much faster than the rest, and the answer is a biopsy of that site."],"history":[{"year":1984,"title":"t(14;18) links BCL2 to follicular lymphoma","note":"Tsujimoto and Croce clone the breakpoint; BCL2 becomes the first anti-apoptotic oncogene.","refs":["bcl2"]},{"year":1997,"title":"Rituximab approved","note":"First monoclonal antibody for cancer, in relapsed indolent lymphoma.","refs":["rituximab"]},{"year":2004,"title":"FLIPI prognostic index","refs":[]},{"year":2011,"title":"PRIMA: rituximab maintenance","note":"Two years of maintenance doubles PFS after chemo-immunotherapy.","refs":["rituximab"]},{"year":2017,"title":"Obinutuzumab first line (GALLIUM)","refs":["obinutuzumab"]},{"year":2018,"title":"RELEVANCE: chemo-free R²","note":"Lenalidomide-rituximab matches chemo-immunotherapy first line.","refs":["lenalidomide"]},{"year":2021,"title":"CAR-T enters FL","note":"Axicabtagene (ZUMA-5) approved; tisagenlecleucel (ELARA) 2022; lisocabtagene 2024.","refs":["axicabtagene-ciloleucel","tisagenlecleucel","lisocabtagene-maraleucel"]},{"year":2022,"title":"First bispecific: mosunetuzumab","note":"Off-the-shelf CD20×CD3 with ~60% CR in third line.","refs":["mosunetuzumab"]},{"year":2024,"title":"Epcoritamab and zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab approved for relapsed FL","refs":["epcoritamab","zanubrutinib"]},{"year":2026,"title":"Tazemetostat withdrawn worldwide","note":"Secondary haematologic malignancies; EZH2 leaves the FL armamentarium.","refs":["tazemetostat"]}],"pipeline":["epcoritamab","mosunetuzumab","odronextamab","golcadomide","lisocabtagene-maraleucel","abexinostat","mk-1045","sctb35","xnw5004","tc011","crc01","ctx112"],"openProblems":["Transformation to DLBCL cannot be predicted or prevented.","Sequencing bispecifics vs CAR-T.","Whether earlier intensive therapy for POD24 patients improves survival.","Late toxicities of decades of therapy (secondary cancers, infections, immunoglobulin loss)."],"parent":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma"},"route":"/cancers/follicular-lymphoma/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"leukemia-lymphoma-society","kind":"collection","name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS)","route":"/collections/leukemia-lymphoma-society/"},{"id":"lymphoma-research-foundation","kind":"collection","name":"Lymphoma Research Foundation (LRF)","route":"/collections/lymphoma-research-foundation/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"dlbcl","kind":"cancer","name":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","route":"/cancers/dlbcl/"},{"id":"high-grade-b-cell-lymphoma-myc-bcl2","kind":"cancer","name":"High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (double-hit lymphoma)","route":"/cancers/high-grade-b-cell-lymphoma-myc-bcl2/"},{"id":"mantle-cell-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Mantle cell lymphoma","route":"/cancers/mantle-cell-lymphoma/"},{"id":"marginal-zone-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Marginal zone lymphoma","route":"/cancers/marginal-zone-lymphoma/"},{"id":"nodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Nodal marginal zone lymphoma","route":"/cancers/nodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma/"},{"id":"nodular-lymphocyte-predominant-hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (nodular lymphocyte-predominant B-cell lymphoma)","route":"/cancers/nodular-lymphocyte-predominant-hodgkin-lymphoma/"},{"id":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)","route":"/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/"},{"id":"peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)","route":"/cancers/peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma/"},{"id":"primary-cutaneous-follicle-centre-lymphoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma","route":"/cancers/primary-cutaneous-follicle-centre-lymphoma/"},{"id":"waldenstrom","kind":"cancer","name":"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia","route":"/cancers/waldenstrom/"}],"biomarker":[{"id":"bcl2-rearrangement","kind":"biomarker","name":"BCL2 rearrangement, t(14;18)","route":"/biomarkers/bcl2-rearrangement/"},{"id":"cd19-expression","kind":"biomarker","name":"CD19 expression (CD19-positive)","route":"/biomarkers/cd19-expression/"},{"id":"cd20-expression","kind":"biomarker","name":"CD20 expression (CD20-positive)","route":"/biomarkers/cd20-expression/"},{"id":"double-hit-rearrangement","kind":"biomarker","name":"Double-hit and triple-hit: MYC with BCL2 and BCL6 rearrangement","route":"/biomarkers/double-hit-rearrangement/"},{"id":"ezh2-y646-mutation","kind":"biomarker","name":"EZH2 gain-of-function mutation (Tyr646, originally Tyr641)","route":"/biomarkers/ezh2-y646-mutation/"},{"id":"ig-tcr-clonality","kind":"biomarker","name":"Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor clonality","route":"/biomarkers/ig-tcr-clonality/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"lymphoma-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting","route":"/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/"}],"idea":[{"id":"lymphoma-ev-fixed-duration-chemotherapy-free-first-line","kind":"idea","name":"Fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free first-line treatment for the indolent lymphomas","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-fixed-duration-chemotherapy-free-first-line/"},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-manufacturing-time-as-a-trial-endpoint","kind":"idea","name":"Report the time from apheresis to infusion as a trial endpoint, not a logistics footnote","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-manufacturing-time-as-a-trial-endpoint/"},{"id":"lymphoma-ev-ctdna-instead-of-the-interim-scan","kind":"idea","name":"Use circulating tumour DNA instead of the interim scan to decide what happens next","route":"/ideas/lymphoma-ev-ctdna-instead-of-the-interim-scan/"}],"technology":[{"id":"active-surveillance","kind":"technology","name":"Active surveillance","route":"/technologies/active-surveillance/"},{"id":"car-t-manufacturing-process","kind":"technology","name":"Autologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batch","route":"/technologies/car-t-manufacturing-process/"},{"id":"autologous-stem-cell-transplant","kind":"technology","name":"Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)","route":"/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/"},{"id":"bispecific-antibody","kind":"technology","name":"Bispecific antibodies","route":"/technologies/bispecific-antibody/"},{"id":"car-t","kind":"technology","name":"CAR-T cell therapy","route":"/technologies/car-t/"},{"id":"cbt-fatigue-distress","kind":"technology","name":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for fatigue and distress","route":"/technologies/cbt-fatigue-distress/"},{"id":"cgp","kind":"technology","name":"Comprehensive genomic profiling","route":"/technologies/cgp/"},{"id":"cytogenetics-fish","kind":"technology","name":"Cytogenetics and FISH","route":"/technologies/cytogenetics-fish/"},{"id":"palliative-care","kind":"technology","name":"Early integrated palliative care","route":"/technologies/palliative-care/"},{"id":"exercise-during-chemotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Exercise during chemotherapy and radiotherapy","route":"/technologies/exercise-during-chemotherapy/"},{"id":"fdg-pet","kind":"technology","name":"FDG PET","route":"/technologies/fdg-pet/"},{"id":"financial-navigation","kind":"technology","name":"Financial toxicity and financial navigation","route":"/technologies/financial-navigation/"},{"id":"histopathology-ihc","kind":"technology","name":"Histopathology & immunohistochemistry","route":"/technologies/histopathology-ihc/"},{"id":"clonality-testing","kind":"technology","name":"Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor clonality testing","route":"/technologies/clonality-testing/"},{"id":"imrt-igrt","kind":"technology","name":"IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)","route":"/technologies/imrt-igrt/"},{"id":"monoclonal-antibody","kind":"technology","name":"Monoclonal antibodies","route":"/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/"},{"id":"multidisciplinary-tumour-board","kind":"technology","name":"Multidisciplinary tumour boards","route":"/technologies/multidisciplinary-tumour-board/"},{"id":"oncology-nutrition","kind":"technology","name":"Nutrition support and cachexia management","route":"/technologies/oncology-nutrition/"},{"id":"fertility-preservation","kind":"technology","name":"Oncofertility and fertility preservation","route":"/technologies/fertility-preservation/"},{"id":"peer-support-groups","kind":"technology","name":"Peer support and support groups","route":"/technologies/peer-support-groups/"},{"id":"pet-ct","kind":"technology","name":"PET/CT","route":"/technologies/pet-ct/"},{"id":"prehabilitation","kind":"technology","name":"Prehabilitation before cancer surgery","route":"/technologies/prehabilitation/"},{"id":"psycho-oncology","kind":"technology","name":"Psycho-oncology and distress screening","route":"/technologies/psycho-oncology/"},{"id":"radioimmunotherapy","kind":"technology","name":"Radio-antibody & radio-ADC","route":"/technologies/radioimmunotherapy/"},{"id":"survivorship-care-plan","kind":"technology","name":"Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance","route":"/technologies/survivorship-care-plan/"},{"id":"t-cell-engager","kind":"technology","name":"T-cell engagers (bispecific)","route":"/technologies/t-cell-engager/"}],"target":[{"id":"bcl2","kind":"target","name":"BCL-2","route":"/targets/bcl2/"},{"id":"btk","kind":"target","name":"BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase)","route":"/targets/btk/"},{"id":"cd19","kind":"target","name":"CD19","route":"/targets/cd19/"},{"id":"cd20","kind":"target","name":"CD20","route":"/targets/cd20/"},{"id":"cd3","kind":"target","name":"CD3","route":"/targets/cd3/"},{"id":"cd3d","kind":"target","name":"CD3D","route":"/targets/cd3d/"},{"id":"cd3g","kind":"target","name":"CD3G","route":"/targets/cd3g/"},{"id":"cd79b","kind":"target","name":"CD79b","route":"/targets/cd79b/"},{"id":"crebbp","kind":"target","name":"CREBBP","route":"/targets/crebbp/"},{"id":"csnk1e","kind":"target","name":"CSNK1E","route":"/targets/csnk1e/"},{"id":"cul4a","kind":"target","name":"CUL4A","route":"/targets/cul4a/"},{"id":"ddb1","kind":"target","name":"DDB1","route":"/targets/ddb1/"},{"id":"ep300","kind":"target","name":"EP300","route":"/targets/ep300/"},{"id":"ezh2","kind":"target","name":"EZH2","route":"/targets/ezh2/"},{"id":"kmt2d","kind":"target","name":"KMT2D","route":"/targets/kmt2d/"},{"id":"myc-gene","kind":"target","name":"MYC","route":"/targets/myc-gene/"},{"id":"pik3cd","kind":"target","name":"PI3K delta (PIK3CD)","route":"/targets/pik3cd/"},{"id":"pik3cg","kind":"target","name":"PIK3CG","route":"/targets/pik3cg/"},{"id":"rbx1","kind":"target","name":"RBX1","route":"/targets/rbx1/"},{"id":"tp53","kind":"target","name":"TP53","route":"/targets/tp53/"}],"drug":[{"id":"abexinostat","kind":"drug","name":"Abexinostat","route":"/drugs/abexinostat/"},{"id":"axicabtagene-ciloleucel","kind":"drug","name":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel","route":"/drugs/axicabtagene-ciloleucel/"},{"id":"bendamustine","kind":"drug","name":"Bendamustine","route":"/drugs/bendamustine/"},{"id":"chlorambucil","kind":"drug","name":"Chlorambucil","route":"/drugs/chlorambucil/"},{"id":"copanlisib","kind":"drug","name":"Copanlisib","route":"/drugs/copanlisib/"},{"id":"crc01","kind":"drug","name":"CRC01","route":"/drugs/crc01/"},{"id":"ctx112","kind":"drug","name":"CTX112","route":"/drugs/ctx112/"},{"id":"cyclophosphamide","kind":"drug","name":"Cyclophosphamide","route":"/drugs/cyclophosphamide/"},{"id":"epcoritamab","kind":"drug","name":"Epcoritamab","route":"/drugs/epcoritamab/"},{"id":"glofitamab","kind":"drug","name":"Glofitamab","route":"/drugs/glofitamab/"},{"id":"golcadomide","kind":"drug","name":"Golcadomide","route":"/drugs/golcadomide/"},{"id":"ibritumomab-tiuxetan","kind":"drug","name":"Ibritumomab tiuxetan","route":"/drugs/ibritumomab-tiuxetan/"},{"id":"idelalisib","kind":"drug","name":"Idelalisib","route":"/drugs/idelalisib/"},{"id":"lenalidomide","kind":"drug","name":"Lenalidomide","route":"/drugs/lenalidomide/"},{"id":"linperlisib","kind":"drug","name":"Linperlisib","route":"/drugs/linperlisib/"},{"id":"lisocabtagene-maraleucel","kind":"drug","name":"Lisocabtagene maraleucel","route":"/drugs/lisocabtagene-maraleucel/"},{"id":"mk-1045","kind":"drug","name":"MK-1045","route":"/drugs/mk-1045/"},{"id":"mosunetuzumab","kind":"drug","name":"Mosunetuzumab","route":"/drugs/mosunetuzumab/"},{"id":"obinutuzumab","kind":"drug","name":"Obinutuzumab","route":"/drugs/obinutuzumab/"},{"id":"odronextamab","kind":"drug","name":"Odronextamab","route":"/drugs/odronextamab/"},{"id":"plerixafor","kind":"drug","name":"Plerixafor","route":"/drugs/plerixafor/"},{"id":"polatuzumab-vedotin","kind":"drug","name":"Polatuzumab vedotin","route":"/drugs/polatuzumab-vedotin/"},{"id":"prednisone","kind":"drug","name":"Prednisone","route":"/drugs/prednisone/"},{"id":"relmacabtagene-autoleucel","kind":"drug","name":"Relmacabtagene autoleucel","route":"/drugs/relmacabtagene-autoleucel/"},{"id":"rituximab","kind":"drug","name":"Rituximab","route":"/drugs/rituximab/"},{"id":"sctb35","kind":"drug","name":"SCTB35","route":"/drugs/sctb35/"},{"id":"tafasitamab","kind":"drug","name":"Tafasitamab","route":"/drugs/tafasitamab/"},{"id":"tazemetostat","kind":"drug","name":"Tazemetostat","route":"/drugs/tazemetostat/"},{"id":"tc011","kind":"drug","name":"TC011","route":"/drugs/tc011/"},{"id":"tisagenlecleucel","kind":"drug","name":"Tisagenlecleucel","route":"/drugs/tisagenlecleucel/"},{"id":"umbralisib","kind":"drug","name":"Umbralisib","route":"/drugs/umbralisib/"},{"id":"vincristine","kind":"drug","name":"Vincristine","route":"/drugs/vincristine/"},{"id":"xnw5004","kind":"drug","name":"XNW5004","route":"/drugs/xnw5004/"},{"id":"zanubrutinib","kind":"drug","name":"Zanubrutinib","route":"/drugs/zanubrutinib/"}],"company":[{"id":"abbvie","kind":"company","name":"AbbVie (incl. ImmunoGen, Capstan)","route":"/companies/abbvie/"},{"id":"acrotech-biopharma","kind":"company","name":"Acrotech Biopharma","route":"/companies/acrotech-biopharma/"},{"id":"beone","kind":"company","name":"BeOne Medicines (formerly BeiGene)","route":"/companies/beone/"},{"id":"biogen","kind":"company","name":"Biogen","route":"/companies/biogen/"},{"id":"evopoint-biosciences","kind":"company","name":"Evopoint Biosciences","route":"/companies/evopoint-biosciences/"},{"id":"fondazione-italiana-linfomi","kind":"company","name":"Fondazione Italiana Linfomi","route":"/companies/fondazione-italiana-linfomi/"},{"id":"genmab","kind":"company","name":"Genmab","route":"/companies/genmab/"},{"id":"gilead","kind":"company","name":"Gilead Sciences (incl. Kite)","route":"/companies/gilead/"},{"id":"haihe-biopharma","kind":"company","name":"Haihe Biopharma","route":"/companies/haihe-biopharma/"},{"id":"lupeng-pharmaceuticals","kind":"company","name":"Lupeng Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/lupeng-pharmaceuticals/"},{"id":"mei-pharma","kind":"company","name":"MEI Pharma","route":"/companies/mei-pharma/"},{"id":"modex-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"ModeX Therapeutics","route":"/companies/modex-therapeutics/"},{"id":"mundipharma","kind":"company","name":"Mundipharma","route":"/companies/mundipharma/"},{"id":"regeneron","kind":"company","name":"Regeneron","route":"/companies/regeneron/"},{"id":"roche-genentech","kind":"company","name":"Roche / Genentech","route":"/companies/roche-genentech/"},{"id":"securabio","kind":"company","name":"SecuraBio","route":"/companies/securabio/"},{"id":"shanghai-yingli","kind":"company","name":"Shanghai Yingli Pharmaceutical","route":"/companies/shanghai-yingli/"},{"id":"sinocelltech","kind":"company","name":"Sinocelltech","route":"/companies/sinocelltech/"},{"id":"symbio-pharmaceuticals","kind":"company","name":"SymBio Pharmaceuticals","route":"/companies/symbio-pharmaceuticals/"},{"id":"tg-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"TG Therapeutics","route":"/companies/tg-therapeutics/"},{"id":"vironexis-biotherapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Vironexis Biotherapeutics","route":"/companies/vironexis-biotherapeutics/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"complement-in-cancer","kind":"pathway","name":"Complement in cancer","route":"/pathways/complement-in-cancer/"},{"id":"epigenetic-reprogramming","kind":"pathway","name":"Epigenetic reprogramming","route":"/pathways/epigenetic-reprogramming/"},{"id":"apoptosis-bcl2","kind":"pathway","name":"Intrinsic apoptosis (BCL-2 family)","route":"/pathways/apoptosis-bcl2/"},{"id":"germinal-centre-reaction","kind":"pathway","name":"The germinal centre reaction","route":"/pathways/germinal-centre-reaction/"}],"term":[{"id":"lymphoma-decision-trial","kind":"term","name":"A clinical trial or standard treatment in lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-decision-trial/"},{"id":"lymphoma-bio-antigen-escape","kind":"term","name":"Antigen escape: how a lymphoma loses the thing the drug was aimed at","route":"/terms/lymphoma-bio-antigen-escape/"},{"id":"cancer-related-fatigue","kind":"term","name":"Cancer-related fatigue (tiredness)","route":"/terms/cancer-related-fatigue/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-bispecific-step-up","kind":"term","name":"CD20 bispecific antibodies: step-up dosing, fixed duration and what it is like to take one","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-bispecific-step-up/"},{"id":"central-venous-access","kind":"term","name":"Central venous access (port, PICC line)","route":"/terms/central-venous-access/"},{"id":"crs","kind":"term","name":"Cytokine release syndrome (CRS)","route":"/terms/crs/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-crs-icans","kind":"term","name":"Cytokine release syndrome and ICANS: grading and management","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-crs-icans/"},{"id":"deauville-score","kind":"term","name":"Deauville five-point scale","route":"/terms/deauville-score/"},{"id":"deauville","kind":"term","name":"Deauville score and PET-adapted therapy","route":"/terms/deauville/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-fatigue","kind":"term","name":"Fatigue after lymphoma treatment, and why it is a symptom to report","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-fatigue/"},{"id":"febrile-neutropenia","kind":"term","name":"Febrile neutropenia","route":"/terms/febrile-neutropenia/"},{"id":"lymphoma-decision-fertility-timing","kind":"term","name":"Fertility preservation before lymphoma treatment: a decision with a deadline in days","route":"/terms/lymphoma-decision-fertility-timing/"},{"id":"financial-toxicity","kind":"term","name":"Financial toxicity","route":"/terms/financial-toxicity/"},{"id":"flipi","kind":"term","name":"FLIPI, FLIPI2 and POD24 (follicular lymphoma risk)","route":"/terms/flipi/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-returning-to-work","kind":"term","name":"Going back to work after lymphoma, and the money in the meantime","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-returning-to-work/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-hepatitis-b-reactivation","kind":"term","name":"Hepatitis B reactivation before rituximab and other anti-CD20 antibodies","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-hepatitis-b-reactivation/"},{"id":"histologic-transformation","kind":"term","name":"Histologic transformation","route":"/terms/histologic-transformation/"},{"id":"hypogammaglobulinaemia","kind":"term","name":"Hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection risk after B-cell therapies","route":"/terms/hypogammaglobulinaemia/"},{"id":"icans","kind":"term","name":"ICANS (neurotoxicity)","route":"/terms/icans/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-immunoglobulin-replacement","kind":"term","name":"Immunoglobulin replacement after CAR-T, bispecifics and long anti-CD20 treatment","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-immunoglobulin-replacement/"},{"id":"lymphoma-indolent-versus-aggressive","kind":"term","name":"Indolent and aggressive lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-indolent-versus-aggressive/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-pjp-and-infection-prophylaxis","kind":"term","name":"Infection prophylaxis in lymphoma: PJP, herpes, fungal risk and vaccination","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-pjp-and-infection-prophylaxis/"},{"id":"late-effects","kind":"term","name":"Late effects and survivorship toxicity","route":"/terms/late-effects/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-indolent-lymphoma","kind":"term","name":"Living with an indolent lymphoma rather than being cured of one","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-indolent-lymphoma/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-infection-years-after","kind":"term","name":"Low antibodies and infection risk for years after anti-CD20 and bispecific antibodies","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-infection-years-after/"},{"id":"lugano-classification","kind":"term","name":"Lugano classification / Ann Arbor staging","route":"/terms/lugano-classification/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-failed-and-negative","kind":"term","name":"Lymphoma treatments that did not work: the negative trials worth knowing","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-failed-and-negative/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-maintenance","kind":"term","name":"Maintenance and consolidation in lymphoma: where it works and where it does not","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-maintenance/"},{"id":"neutropenia","kind":"term","name":"Neutropenia","route":"/terms/neutropenia/"},{"id":"performance-status","kind":"term","name":"Performance status (ECOG, Karnofsky)","route":"/terms/performance-status/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-pod24","kind":"term","name":"POD24: progression of follicular lymphoma within two years, and why it changes the plan","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-pod24/"},{"id":"quality-of-life","kind":"term","name":"Quality of life","route":"/terms/quality-of-life/"},{"id":"r-chop","kind":"term","name":"R-CHOP (lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy)","route":"/terms/r-chop/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy","kind":"term","name":"Radiotherapy in lymphoma: involved-site fields, 24 Gy, 4 Gy and total skin electron therapy","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-car-t-pathway","kind":"term","name":"The CAR-T pathway in lymphoma: referral, apheresis, bridging and the waiting","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-car-t-pathway/"},{"id":"lymphoma-bio-germinal-centre","kind":"term","name":"The germinal centre: why lymphoma starts where antibodies are made","route":"/terms/lymphoma-bio-germinal-centre/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet","kind":"term","name":"The lymphoma regimen alphabet: R-CHOP, pola-R-CHP, DA-EPOCH-R, ABVD, BEACOPP and the rest","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-scanxiety-and-surveillance","kind":"term","name":"The surveillance schedule, and the evidence that routine scans do not find relapse first","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-scanxiety-and-surveillance/"},{"id":"lymphoma-transformation","kind":"term","name":"Transformation of an indolent lymphoma","route":"/terms/lymphoma-transformation/"},{"id":"lymphoma-bio-transformation","kind":"term","name":"Transformation: when a slow lymphoma turns into a fast one","route":"/terms/lymphoma-bio-transformation/"},{"id":"lymphoma-decision-local-or-car-t-centre","kind":"term","name":"Treatment at the local hospital or at a cell-therapy centre far from home","route":"/terms/lymphoma-decision-local-or-car-t-centre/"},{"id":"lymphoma-living-vaccinations","kind":"term","name":"Vaccinations around lymphoma treatment: the ones to have first, and the ones not to have at all","route":"/terms/lymphoma-living-vaccinations/"},{"id":"lymphoma-decision-watch-and-wait","kind":"term","name":"Watch and wait in follicular lymphoma: being told you have cancer and that nobody will treat it","route":"/terms/lymphoma-decision-watch-and-wait/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait","kind":"term","name":"Watch and wait in lymphoma: when the right treatment is none yet","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-watch-and-wait/"},{"id":"watchful-waiting","kind":"term","name":"Watchful waiting, and how it differs from active surveillance","route":"/terms/watchful-waiting/"},{"id":"lymphoma-tx-uk-access","kind":"term","name":"What the NHS in England funds for lymphoma, appraisal by appraisal","route":"/terms/lymphoma-tx-uk-access/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct07634471","kind":"trial","name":"A Clinical Trial of MK-1045 and Rituximab in People With Follicular Lymphoma (MK-1045-007)","route":"/trials/nct07634471/"},{"id":"nct05006716","kind":"trial","name":"A Dose-Escalation and Expansion Study of Tacabrutideg (BGB-16673) in Participants With B-Cell Malignancies","route":"/trials/nct05006716/"},{"id":"nct01804686","kind":"trial","name":"A Long-term Extension Study of PCI-32765 (Ibrutinib)","route":"/trials/nct01804686/"},{"id":"nct03934567","kind":"trial","name":"A Multi-Center Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Oral Abexinostat as Monotherapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct03934567/"},{"id":"nct04669171","kind":"trial","name":"A Novel Vaccine (EO2463) as Monotherapy and in Combination, for Treatment of Patients With Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct04669171/"},{"id":"nct04379167","kind":"trial","name":"A Phase 2 Clinical Study of YY-20394 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct04379167/"},{"id":"nct04680052","kind":"trial","name":"A Phase 3 Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide and Rituximab Compared to Placebo Plus Lenalidomide and Rituximab in Pa","route":"/trials/nct04680052/"},{"id":"nct01827605","kind":"trial","name":"A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized Study Comparing RIT Vs ASCT in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory (FL)","route":"/trials/nct01827605/"},{"id":"nct05888493","kind":"trial","name":"A Phase III Trial Comparing Tisagenlecleucel to Standard of Care (SoC) in Adult Participants With r/r Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct05888493/"},{"id":"nct05643742","kind":"trial","name":"A Safety and Efficacy Study Evaluating CTX112 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies","route":"/trials/nct05643742/"},{"id":"nct04712097","kind":"trial","name":"A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Mosunetuzumab in Combination With Lenalidomide in Comparison to Rituximab in Combination With Lenalidomi","route":"/trials/nct04712097/"},{"id":"nct04246086","kind":"trial","name":"A Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Mosunetuzumab + Lenalidomide (+Len), and the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokineti","route":"/trials/nct04246086/"},{"id":"nct03162536","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Nemtabrutinib (MK-1026) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies (ARQ 531-101/MK-1026-001)","route":"/trials/nct03162536/"},{"id":"nct07609862","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Rocbrutinib in Combination With Lacutoclax in Patients With B-Cell Malignancies","route":"/trials/nct07609862/"},{"id":"nct06549595","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Surovatamig (AZD0486) Plus Rituximab in Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma Patients","route":"/trials/nct06549595/"},{"id":"nct05100862","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Zanubrutinib Plus Anti-CD20 Versus Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Follicular or Marginal Zone Lymphom","route":"/trials/nct05100862/"},{"id":"nct05458297","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Zilovertamab Vedotin (MK-2140) as Monotherapy and in Combination in Participants With Aggressive and Indolent B-cell Malignancies (MK-2140-","route":"/trials/nct05458297/"},{"id":"nct03888105","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Assess the Anti-Tumor Activity and Safety of Odronextamab in Adult Patients With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Have Been Previously Treat","route":"/trials/nct03888105/"},{"id":"nct04224493","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of Tazemetostat in Combination With Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Versus ","route":"/trials/nct04224493/"},{"id":"nct06911502","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Golcadomide in Combination With Rituximab (Golca + R) vs Investigator's Choice in Participants With Rela","route":"/trials/nct06911502/"},{"id":"nct05451810","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Evaluate Adverse Events of Subcutaneous (SC) Epcoritamab Administered in the Outpatient Setting in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refr","route":"/trials/nct05451810/"},{"id":"nct06425302","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Golcadomide in Combination With Rituximab in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Stage Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct06425302/"},{"id":"nct07562022","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of SCTB35 in Combination With Lenalidomide in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct07562022/"},{"id":"nct06149286","kind":"trial","name":"A Trial to Find Out if Odronextamab Combined With Lenalidomide is Safe and Works Better Than Rituximab Combined With Lenalidomide in Adult Participant","route":"/trials/nct06149286/"},{"id":"nct06097364","kind":"trial","name":"A Trial to Learn if Odronextamab Combined With Chemotherapy is Safe and Well-Tolerated and How Well it Works Compared to Rituximab Combined With Chemo","route":"/trials/nct06097364/"},{"id":"nct06091254","kind":"trial","name":"A Trial to Learn if Odronextamab is Safe and Well-Tolerated and How Well it Works Compared to Rituximab Combined With Different Types of Chemotherapy ","route":"/trials/nct06091254/"},{"id":"augment","kind":"trial","name":"AUGMENT","route":"/trials/augment/"},{"id":"nct07545603","kind":"trial","name":"Clinical Study of XNW5004 Tablets in the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct07545603/"},{"id":"nct07249905","kind":"trial","name":"Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of MDX2003 in Patients With Different Types of Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct07249905/"},{"id":"elara","kind":"trial","name":"ELARA","route":"/trials/elara/"},{"id":"nct06550141","kind":"trial","name":"Emapalumab Prevention of CAR-T Cell Associated Toxicities","route":"/trials/nct06550141/"},{"id":"fort","kind":"trial","name":"FoRT","route":"/trials/fort/"},{"id":"fortplus","kind":"trial","name":"FORTplus","route":"/trials/fortplus/"},{"id":"gallium","kind":"trial","name":"GALLIUM","route":"/trials/gallium/"},{"id":"nct06533579","kind":"trial","name":"Gene Therapy for CD19-Positive Hematologic Malignancies (SENTRY-CD19)","route":"/trials/nct06533579/"},{"id":"nct04834024","kind":"trial","name":"MIL62 Combined With Lenalidomide Versus Lenalidomide for Patients With Rituximab Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct04834024/"},{"id":"nct04110301","kind":"trial","name":"MIL62 Plus Lenalidomide for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (FL and MZL)","route":"/trials/nct04110301/"},{"id":"mosun-lbt-fl","kind":"trial","name":"Mosunetuzumab against rituximab in low tumour burden follicular lymphoma","route":"/trials/mosun-lbt-fl/"},{"id":"nct05326243","kind":"trial","name":"Phase 1/2 Study of CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CD19 CAR-T; PL001) for Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct05326243/"},{"id":"polarix","kind":"trial","name":"POLARIX","route":"/trials/polarix/"},{"id":"prima-follicular","kind":"trial","name":"PRIMA","route":"/trials/prima-follicular/"},{"id":"relevance","kind":"trial","name":"RELEVANCE","route":"/trials/relevance/"},{"id":"nct06093841","kind":"trial","name":"Relmacabtagene Autoleucel As Second-Line Therapy in Adult Patients with Aggressive B-cell NHL","route":"/trials/nct06093841/"},{"id":"rosewood","kind":"trial","name":"ROSEWOOD","route":"/trials/rosewood/"},{"id":"nct04663347","kind":"trial","name":"Safety and Efficacy Trial of Epcoritamab Combinations in Subjects With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL)","route":"/trials/nct04663347/"},{"id":"nct03600441","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Abexinostat in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct03600441/"},{"id":"nct05371093","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel Versus Standard of Care Therapy in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct05371093/"},{"id":"nct04836507","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Efficacy and Safety of CRC01 in Adult Large B-cell Lymphoma and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients","route":"/trials/nct04836507/"},{"id":"nct07473167","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Safety and Efficacy of TC011 in the Relapsed/Refractory Large B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients","route":"/trials/nct07473167/"},{"id":"nct06191744","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Subcutaneous Epcoritamab in Combination With Intravenous Rituximab and Oral Lenalidomide (R2) to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease ","route":"/trials/nct06191744/"},{"id":"nct05409066","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Subcutaneous Epcoritamab in Combination With Intravenous Rituximab and Oral Lenalidomide (R2) to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease ","route":"/trials/nct05409066/"},{"id":"nct02793583","kind":"trial","name":"Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ublituximab + Umbralisib With or Without Bendamustine and Umbralisib Alone in Patients With Previously Treated Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma","route":"/trials/nct02793583/"},{"id":"nct06526793","kind":"trial","name":"Surovatamig (AZD0486) as Monotherapy in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) B-cell NHL","route":"/trials/nct06526793/"},{"id":"transcend-nhl-001","kind":"trial","name":"TRANSCEND NHL 001","route":"/trials/transcend-nhl-001/"},{"id":"nct05294731","kind":"trial","name":"Treatment of Chinese Participants With B-Cell Malignancies With BGB-16673, a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Protein-Degrader","route":"/trials/nct05294731/"},{"id":"nct04542824","kind":"trial","name":"Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Epcoritamab in Japanese Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (R/R B-NHL)","route":"/trials/nct04542824/"},{"id":"trog-99-03","kind":"trial","name":"TROG 99.03","route":"/trials/trog-99-03/"},{"id":"zuma-5","kind":"trial","name":"ZUMA-5","route":"/trials/zuma-5/"}],"journal":[{"id":"clinical-lymphoma-myeloma-and-leukemia","kind":"journal","name":"Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia","route":"/journals/clinical-lymphoma-myeloma-and-leukemia/"},{"id":"current-hematologic-malignancy-reports","kind":"journal","name":"Current hematologic malignancy reports","route":"/journals/current-hematologic-malignancy-reports/"},{"id":"hematological-oncology","kind":"journal","name":"Hematological oncology","route":"/journals/hematological-oncology/"},{"id":"leukemia-and-lymphoma","kind":"journal","name":"Leukemia & lymphoma","route":"/journals/leukemia-and-lymphoma/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-augment-lenalidomide-rituximab-leonard-jco-2019","kind":"paper","name":"AUGMENT: lenalidomide plus rituximab versus rituximab alone in relapsed indolent lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-augment-lenalidomide-rituximab-leonard-jco-2019/"},{"id":"paper-zuma-5-axi-cel-indolent-lymphoma-lancet-oncol-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-zuma-5-axi-cel-indolent-lymphoma-lancet-oncol-2022/"},{"id":"paper-rummel-lancet","kind":"paper","name":"Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 non-inferiority trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-rummel-lancet/"},{"id":"paper-scherer-ctdna-lymphoma-subtypes-genome-evolution-sci-transl-med-2016","kind":"paper","name":"Distinct biological subtypes and patterns of genome evolution in lymphoma revealed by circulating tumour DNA","route":"/key-papers/paper-scherer-ctdna-lymphoma-subtypes-genome-evolution-sci-transl-med-2016/"},{"id":"paper-casulo-pod24-follicular-lymphoma-jco-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Early relapse of follicular lymphoma after R-CHOP defines patients at high risk for death: an analysis from the National LymphoCare Study","route":"/key-papers/paper-casulo-pod24-follicular-lymphoma-jco-2015/"},{"id":"paper-epcore-nhl-1-epcoritamab-jco-2023","kind":"paper","name":"EPCORE NHL-1: epcoritamab, a subcutaneous CD20 x CD3 bispecific, in relapsed large B-cell lymphoma including after CAR-T","route":"/key-papers/paper-epcore-nhl-1-epcoritamab-jco-2023/"},{"id":"paper-fort-long-term-follow-up-hoskin-lancet-oncol-2021","kind":"paper","name":"FoRT long-term follow-up: 4 Gy versus 24 Gy for follicular and marginal zone lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-fort-long-term-follow-up-hoskin-lancet-oncol-2021/"},{"id":"paper-fort-4gy-vs-24gy-indolent-lymphoma-hoskin-lancet-oncol-2014","kind":"paper","name":"FoRT: 4 Gy versus 24 Gy radiotherapy for indolent lymphoma, a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-fort-4gy-vs-24gy-indolent-lymphoma-hoskin-lancet-oncol-2014/"},{"id":"paper-gallium-obinutuzumab-first-line-follicular-lymphoma-marcus-nejm-2017","kind":"paper","name":"GALLIUM: obinutuzumab for the first-line treatment of follicular lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-gallium-obinutuzumab-first-line-follicular-lymphoma-marcus-nejm-2017/"},{"id":"paper-transcend-nhl-001-liso-cel-lancet-2020","kind":"paper","name":"Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study","route":"/key-papers/paper-transcend-nhl-001-liso-cel-lancet-2020/"},{"id":"paper-trog-99-03-radiotherapy-systemic-therapy-early-follicular-jco-2018","kind":"paper","name":"Randomized trial of systemic therapy after involved-field radiotherapy in patients with early-stage follicular lymphoma: TROG 99.03","route":"/key-papers/paper-trog-99-03-radiotherapy-systemic-therapy-early-follicular-jco-2018/"},{"id":"paper-relevance-rituximab-lenalidomide-follicular-lymphoma-morschhauser-nejm-2018","kind":"paper","name":"RELEVANCE: rituximab plus lenalidomide in advanced untreated follicular lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-relevance-rituximab-lenalidomide-follicular-lymphoma-morschhauser-nejm-2018/"},{"id":"paper-prima-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-lancet-2011","kind":"paper","name":"Rituximab maintenance for 2 years in patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma responding to rituximab plus chemotherapy (PRIMA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-prima-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-lancet-2011/"},{"id":"paper-rosewood-zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab-follicular-jco-2023","kind":"paper","name":"ROSEWOOD: a phase II randomized study of zanubrutinib plus obinutuzumab versus obinutuzumab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-rosewood-zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab-follicular-jco-2023/"},{"id":"paper-elm-2-odronextamab-follicular-ann-oncol-2024","kind":"paper","name":"Safety and efficacy of odronextamab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-elm-2-odronextamab-follicular-ann-oncol-2024/"},{"id":"paper-prima-final-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-jco-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Sustained progression-free survival benefit of rituximab maintenance in patients with follicular lymphoma: long-term results of the PRIMA study","route":"/key-papers/paper-prima-final-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-jco-2019/"},{"id":"paper-inmind-tafasitamab-lenalidomide-rituximab-follicular-lancet-2026","kind":"paper","name":"Tafasitamab, lenalidomide, and rituximab in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (inMIND): a global, phase 3, randomised controlled trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-inmind-tafasitamab-lenalidomide-rituximab-follicular-lancet-2026/"},{"id":"paper-elara-tisagenlecleucel-follicular-nat-med-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: the phase 2 ELARA trial","route":"/key-papers/paper-elara-tisagenlecleucel-follicular-nat-med-2022/"},{"id":"paper-zuma-1-axi-cel-nejm-2017","kind":"paper","name":"ZUMA-1: axicabtagene ciloleucel for refractory large B-cell lymphoma, the first CAR-T approved for lymphoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-zuma-1-axi-cel-nejm-2017/"}],"institution":[{"id":"anthony-nolan","kind":"institution","name":"Anthony Nolan","route":"/institutions/anthony-nolan/"},{"id":"blood-cancer-uk","kind":"institution","name":"Blood Cancer UK","route":"/institutions/blood-cancer-uk/"},{"id":"nebraska-buffett","kind":"institution","name":"Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/nebraska-buffett/"},{"id":"lymphoma-action","kind":"institution","name":"Lymphoma Action","route":"/institutions/lymphoma-action/"},{"id":"weill-cornell-meyer-cancer-center","kind":"institution","name":"Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine","route":"/institutions/weill-cornell-meyer-cancer-center/"},{"id":"osu-james","kind":"institution","name":"The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute","route":"/institutions/osu-james/"},{"id":"wilmot","kind":"institution","name":"Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester","route":"/institutions/wilmot/"}],"person":[{"id":"caron-jacobson","kind":"person","name":"Caron A. Jacobson","route":"/people/caron-jacobson/"},{"id":"franck-morschhauser","kind":"person","name":"Franck Morschhauser","route":"/people/franck-morschhauser/"},{"id":"gilles-salles","kind":"person","name":"Gilles Salles","route":"/people/gilles-salles/"},{"id":"john-leonard","kind":"person","name":"John P. Leonard","route":"/people/john-leonard/"},{"id":"sattva-neelapu","kind":"person","name":"Sattva S. Neelapu","route":"/people/sattva-neelapu/"},{"id":"stephen-schuster","kind":"person","name":"Stephen J. Schuster","route":"/people/stephen-schuster/"},{"id":"yuqin-song","kind":"person","name":"Yuqin Song","route":"/people/yuqin-song/"}]}}