{"entity":{"id":"fgfr2","kind":"target","name":"FGFR2","aka":[],"tldr":"FGFR2 is a growth receptor fused in bile-duct cancer and overproduced in gastric cancer.","summary":"FGFR2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that cancers activate in two different ways. Fusions, found in roughly 10 to 15 percent of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, respond to the selective inhibitors pemigatinib and futibatinib; FGFR2b overexpression or amplification, found in about 3 to 8 percent of gastric cancers, is targeted by the antibody bemarituzumab (FORTITUDE-101 positive on overall survival in 2025) and by FGFR2b antibody-drug conjugates. FGFR3 alterations, present in 15 to 20 percent of urothelial cancers, are the related target of erdafitinib. Acquired kinase-domain mutations limit the durability of FGFR2 inhibitors, and hyperphosphataemia and eye toxicity are class effects. Endometrial cancer is a further setting under study. For a newcomer, FGFR2 is a growth receptor fused in bile-duct cancer and overproduced in gastric cancer, treatable in both.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2"}],"tags":["driver","kinase"],"related":["fgfr2-fusion-rearrangement"],"cancers":["cholangiocarcinoma","gastric","urothelial","pancreatic","gallbladder"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["therascreen-cdx","hmpl-453","tar-210","tyra-300","absk061","cgt4859","lirafugratinib"],"companies":["cogent-biosciences","relay-therapeutics","tyra-biosciences"],"institutions":[],"pathways":["ras-mapk","pi3k-akt-mtor","fgfr-signalling","gastric-cancer-signalling"],"terms":[],"trials":["nct05678270","nct06378593"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":["paper-philip-kras-wild-type-pancreatic-ccr-2022","paper-giraldo-gallbladder-msk-impact-ccr-2022","paper-nakamura-biliary-genomic-spectra-nat-genet-2015","paper-javle-biliary-ngs-cancer-2016"],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: FGFR2 fusions in about 0.2% overall and 5.2% of KRAS wild-type tumours (cBioPortal; Philip 2022); no FGFR inhibitor is approved in this disease, so patients are directed to tumour-agnostic or basket trials.","Gallbladder cancer: no FGFR2 fusion among the structural variants deposited for cBioPortal gbc_mskcc_2022 and no recurrent structural variants in the cohort (Giraldo 2022); FGFR2 fusions belong to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (Nakamura 2015)."],"symbol":"FGFR2","role":[],"sources":[],"specificity":"tumour-specific","distribution":"few-types","specificityNote":"Tumour-specific alteration: 1 of 1 label readouts filed under it measure a sequence variant (FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement) absent from normal cells. HPA FGFR2: RNA tissue enriched (brain 549 nTPM); blood lineage lineage enriched (granulocytes 3 nTPM); no normal tissue stained high; highest cancer staining skin cancer (5 of 12 high). Distribution: 3 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Biliary tract cancer (all types), Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, Bladder & urothelial cancer); Open Targets associates it with 17 specific cancer types at or above 0.5 (gastric cancer, breast carcinoma, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and more). (Rule 3 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement label threshold","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9e1f2222-1d89-4e63-989c-ccebe2ab1eb4","note":"FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangement"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas FGFR2 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000066468-FGFR2/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000066468 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000066468/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:3689","ensembl":"ENSG00000066468","uniprot":"P21802","entrez":"2263","firstDescribed":1990,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Dionne C.A. et al, EMBO J, 1990, \"Cloning and expression of two distinct high-affinity receptors cross-reacting with acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1697263/","biology":"Receptor tyrosine kinase; FGFR3 alterations are the urothelial counterpart (erdafitinib).","whereFound":["Cholangiocarcinoma","Gastric","Endometrial","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: gene fusion 0.2%","Gallbladder cancer: fusion, mutation or amplification 1%"],"targetClass":"kinase","prevalence":[{"cancerId":"cholangiocarcinoma","pct":"10-15","measure":"Fusion (intrahepatic)","source":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=chol_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"},{"cancerId":"gastric","pct":"3-8","measure":"FGFR2b overexpression/amplification","source":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=stad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","note":"FORTITUDE-101 selected IHC 2+/3+"},{"cancerId":"urothelial","pct":"15-20","measure":"FGFR3 alterations (related target)","source":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=blca_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","note":"FGFR3 mutations/fusions; erdafitinib"},{"cancerId":"pancreatic","pct":"0.2","measure":"Gene fusion","source":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=pdac_msk_2024","note":"cBioPortal structural variants: 4 of 2,336, 0.17% (FGFR2-CAT 2, FGFR2-SHTN1), in pdac_msk_2024; 5.2% of 266 KRAS wild-type tumours (Philip 2022). Other receptor kinase fusions in pdac_msk_2024: ROS1 5 (GOPC-ROS1), RAF1 4, RET 2 (NCOA4-RET), MET 2 (KANK1-MET), ERBB2 2, EGFR 3, FGFR1 2, FGFR3 1 (cBioPortal)."},{"cancerId":"gallbladder","pct":"1","measure":"Fusion, mutation or amplification","source":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=gbc_mskcc_2022","note":"No FGFR2 fusion among the structural variants deposited for cBioPortal gbc_mskcc_2022; FGFR2 mutation in 3 of 244, 1.2%, and amplification in 3 of 244, 1.2%; no recurrent structural variants in the cohort (Giraldo 2022)."}]},"route":"/targets/fgfr2/","neighbours":{"biomarker":[{"id":"fgfr2-fusion-rearrangement","kind":"biomarker","name":"FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement","route":"/biomarkers/fgfr2-fusion-rearrangement/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"cholangiocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)","route":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/"},{"id":"urothelial","kind":"cancer","name":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","route":"/cancers/urothelial/"},{"id":"gallbladder","kind":"cancer","name":"Gallbladder cancer","route":"/cancers/gallbladder/"},{"id":"gastric","kind":"cancer","name":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","route":"/cancers/gastric/"},{"id":"intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/"},{"id":"kras-wild-type-pdac","kind":"cancer","name":"KRAS wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/kras-wild-type-pdac/"},{"id":"pancreatic","kind":"cancer","name":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/pancreatic/"},{"id":"rhabdomyosarcoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Rhabdomyosarcoma","route":"/cancers/rhabdomyosarcoma/"}],"drug":[{"id":"absk061","kind":"drug","name":"ABSK061","route":"/drugs/absk061/"},{"id":"anlotinib","kind":"drug","name":"Anlotinib","route":"/drugs/anlotinib/"},{"id":"bemarituzumab","kind":"drug","name":"Bemarituzumab","route":"/drugs/bemarituzumab/"},{"id":"cgt4859","kind":"drug","name":"CGT4859","route":"/drugs/cgt4859/"},{"id":"erdafitinib","kind":"drug","name":"Erdafitinib","route":"/drugs/erdafitinib/"},{"id":"futibatinib","kind":"drug","name":"Futibatinib","route":"/drugs/futibatinib/"},{"id":"hmpl-453","kind":"drug","name":"HMPL-453","route":"/drugs/hmpl-453/"},{"id":"infigratinib","kind":"drug","name":"Infigratinib","route":"/drugs/infigratinib/"},{"id":"lenvatinib","kind":"drug","name":"Lenvatinib","route":"/drugs/lenvatinib/"},{"id":"lirafugratinib","kind":"drug","name":"Lirafugratinib","route":"/drugs/lirafugratinib/"},{"id":"nintedanib","kind":"drug","name":"Nintedanib","route":"/drugs/nintedanib/"},{"id":"pemigatinib","kind":"drug","name":"Pemigatinib","route":"/drugs/pemigatinib/"},{"id":"tar-210","kind":"drug","name":"TAR-210","route":"/drugs/tar-210/"},{"id":"therascreen-cdx","kind":"drug","name":"therascreen companion diagnostic kits (KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, FGFR, BRAF)","route":"/drugs/therascreen-cdx/"},{"id":"tinengotinib","kind":"drug","name":"Tinengotinib","route":"/drugs/tinengotinib/"},{"id":"tyra-300","kind":"drug","name":"TYRA-300","route":"/drugs/tyra-300/"}],"company":[{"id":"basilea","kind":"company","name":"Basilea Pharmaceutica","route":"/companies/basilea/"},{"id":"black-diamond-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Black Diamond Therapeutics","route":"/companies/black-diamond-therapeutics/"},{"id":"cogent-biosciences","kind":"company","name":"Cogent Biosciences","route":"/companies/cogent-biosciences/"},{"id":"relay-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Relay Therapeutics","route":"/companies/relay-therapeutics/"},{"id":"tyra-biosciences","kind":"company","name":"Tyra Biosciences","route":"/companies/tyra-biosciences/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"fgfr-signalling","kind":"pathway","name":"FGF / FGFR signalling","route":"/pathways/fgfr-signalling/"},{"id":"gastric-cancer-signalling","kind":"pathway","name":"Gastric cancer (KEGG map)","route":"/pathways/gastric-cancer-signalling/"},{"id":"pi3k-akt-mtor","kind":"pathway","name":"PI3K / AKT / mTOR","route":"/pathways/pi3k-akt-mtor/"},{"id":"proteoglycans-in-cancer","kind":"pathway","name":"Proteoglycans in cancer","route":"/pathways/proteoglycans-in-cancer/"},{"id":"ras-mapk","kind":"pathway","name":"RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK (MAPK)","route":"/pathways/ras-mapk/"},{"id":"rtk-activation","kind":"pathway","name":"Receptor tyrosine kinase activation","route":"/pathways/rtk-activation/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct06378593","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of 3HP-2827 in Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors With FGFR2 Alterations","route":"/trials/nct06378593/"},{"id":"nct05678270","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of ICP-192 in Patients With FGFR2-Rearranged Unresectable or Metastatic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma","route":"/trials/nct05678270/"},{"id":"fight-202","kind":"trial","name":"FIGHT-202","route":"/trials/fight-202/"},{"id":"first-308","kind":"trial","name":"FIRST-308","route":"/trials/first-308/"},{"id":"foenix-cca2","kind":"trial","name":"FOENIX-CCA2","route":"/trials/foenix-cca2/"},{"id":"fortitude-101","kind":"trial","name":"FORTITUDE-101","route":"/trials/fortitude-101/"},{"id":"safir-abc10","kind":"trial","name":"SAFIR-ABC10","route":"/trials/safir-abc10/"},{"id":"thor","kind":"trial","name":"THOR","route":"/trials/thor/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-javle-biliary-ngs-cancer-2016","kind":"paper","name":"Biliary cancer: utility of next-generation sequencing for clinical management","route":"/key-papers/paper-javle-biliary-ngs-cancer-2016/"},{"id":"paper-mody-biliary-ctdna-profiling-jco-po-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Circulating tumor DNA profiling of advanced biliary tract cancers","route":"/key-papers/paper-mody-biliary-ctdna-profiling-jco-po-2019/"},{"id":"paper-burstein-tnbc-genomic-subtypes-ccr-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Comprehensive genomic analysis identifies novel subtypes and targets of triple-negative breast cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-burstein-tnbc-genomic-subtypes-ccr-2015/"},{"id":"paper-giraldo-gallbladder-msk-impact-ccr-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Comprehensive molecular characterization of gallbladder carcinoma and potential targets for intervention","route":"/key-papers/paper-giraldo-gallbladder-msk-impact-ccr-2022/"},{"id":"paper-nakamura-biliary-genomic-spectra-nat-genet-2015","kind":"paper","name":"Genomic spectra of biliary tract cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-nakamura-biliary-genomic-spectra-nat-genet-2015/"},{"id":"paper-philip-kras-wild-type-pancreatic-ccr-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Molecular characterization of KRAS wild-type tumors in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-philip-kras-wild-type-pancreatic-ccr-2022/"}],"term":[{"id":"fgfr2-fusion","kind":"term","name":"FGFR2 fusions and rearrangements","route":"/terms/fgfr2-fusion/"},{"id":"fgfr3","kind":"term","name":"FGFR3 alterations (bladder cancer)","route":"/terms/fgfr3/"},{"id":"gene-fusion","kind":"term","name":"Gene fusion","route":"/terms/gene-fusion/"},{"id":"biliary-anatomy-subtypes","kind":"term","name":"Intrahepatic, perihilar, distal and gallbladder cancer","route":"/terms/biliary-anatomy-subtypes/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-btc-ctdna-fgfr-resistance","kind":"idea","name":"ctDNA-guided switching among FGFR inhibitors","route":"/ideas/idea-btc-ctdna-fgfr-resistance/"}],"technology":[{"id":"kinase-inhibitors","kind":"technology","name":"Small-molecule kinase inhibitors","route":"/technologies/kinase-inhibitors/"}],"target":[{"id":"fgfr3-receptor","kind":"target","name":"FGFR3","route":"/targets/fgfr3-receptor/"}],"person":[{"id":"lipika-goyal","kind":"person","name":"Lipika Goyal","route":"/people/lipika-goyal/"},{"id":"tanios-bekaii-saab","kind":"person","name":"Tanios Bekaii-Saab","route":"/people/tanios-bekaii-saab/"},{"id":"zev-wainberg","kind":"person","name":"Zev A. Wainberg","route":"/people/zev-wainberg/"}],"institution":[{"id":"nccs","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Centre Singapore","route":"/institutions/nccs/"}]}}