{"entity":{"id":"esr2","kind":"target","name":"ESR2","aka":["estrogen receptor 2","Estrogen receptor beta","NR3A2","Erb","ER-beta"],"tldr":"ESR2 (Oestrogen receptor beta) is a protein that switches other genes on and off. The public catalogues list it as a drug target and a biomarker, and an approved or late-stage drug is recorded against it. Tied to Breast cancer and Prostate cancer.","summary":"Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds oestrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1/ER-alpha, and activates expression of reporter genes containing oestrogen response elements (ERE) in an oestrogen-dependent manner. Lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ERE binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability.\n\nCIViC holds 7 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 3 variants, naming Tamoxifen and Exemestane. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.75 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes clinical 0.98, affected pathway 0.61, literature 1.00, genetic association 0.54, animal model 0.51).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:3468","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3468"},{"label":"UniProt Q92731","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q92731/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 2100","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2100"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000140009","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000140009"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","open-targets"],"cancers":["breast-cancer","prostate"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.98; CIViC holds 7 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"approved-drug\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"ESR2","role":["drug-target","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"approved-drug","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:3468","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3468","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt Q92731","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q92731/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene ESR2","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/1753","note":"7 evidence items, 0 assertions, 3 variants; diseases: Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000140009","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000140009/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.75; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: breast cancer 0.62 (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"distribution":"few-types","specificityNote":"Specificity not established: no corpus medicine is aimed at it and the catalogues give it only the roles drug-target, biomarker; HPA finds the RNA tissue enhanced, which says where the protein sits but not whether the tumour differs from normal tissue. HPA ESR2: RNA tissue enhanced (adrenal gland 7 nTPM, ovary 6 nTPM, testis 6 nTPM); no normal tissue stained high. Distribution: 2 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Breast cancer (all types), Prostate cancer); Open Targets associates it with 1 specific cancer type at or above 0.5 (breast cancer). (No rule of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts fired.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas ESR2 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000140009-ESR2/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000140009 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000140009/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:3468","ensembl":"ENSG00000140009","uniprot":"Q92731","entrez":"2100","firstDescribed":1996,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Mosselman et al, FEBS Lett, 1996, \"ER beta: identification and characterization of a novel human estrogen receptor\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8769313/","biology":"Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds oestrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1/ER-alpha, and activates expression of reporter genes containing oestrogen response elements (ERE) in an oestrogen-dependent manner. Lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ERE binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. Location: Nucleus (UniProt). Locus 14q23.2-q23.3 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Breast cancer: Open Targets association 0.62 with breast cancer (MONDO_0007254); CIViC evidence names this disease","Prostate cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease"],"targetClass":"transcription","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/esr2/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"breast-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Breast cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/breast-cancer/"},{"id":"prostate","kind":"cancer","name":"Prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate/"}]}}