{"entity":{"id":"csf1","kind":"target","name":"CSF1","aka":["colony stimulating factor 1","Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1","M-CSF","MGC31930"],"tldr":"CSF1 (Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1) is a gene. The public catalogues list it as a drug target and a biomarker, and an approved or late-stage drug is recorded against it. Tied to Tenosynovial giant cell tumour.","summary":"Cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of haematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development.\n\nCIViC holds 1 clinical evidence item and 0 assertions across 1 variant, naming Pexidartinib. In OnCo, 3 product records name it (Vimseltinib, Pexidartinib and Surufatinib).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:2432","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:2432"},{"label":"UniProt P09603","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P09603/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 1435","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1435"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000184371","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000184371"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic"],"cancers":["tenosynovial-giant-cell-tumour"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["pexidartinib","surufatinib","vimseltinib"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":["myeloid-suppression-axis"],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 1 therapies; CIViC holds 1 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"approved-drug\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"CSF1","role":["drug-target","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"approved-drug","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:2432","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:2432","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P09603","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P09603/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene CSF1","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/1234","note":"1 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumour (GraphQL API, CC0)"}],"specificity":"broadly-expressed","distribution":"one-type","specificityNote":"Broadly expressed or essential: HPA finds the RNA at low tissue specificity; the 3 medicines aimed at it (Pexidartinib, Surufatinib, Vimseltinib) act on the wild-type protein, so normal tissue is exposed and the therapeutic window comes from the tumour's faster division or its dependence on the protein. HPA CSF1: RNA low tissue specificity; blood lineage lineage enriched (granulocytes 22 nTPM); no normal tissue stained high. Distribution: 1 cancer family in the corpus carries a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 7 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"Human Protein Atlas CSF1 tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000184371-CSF1/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000184371 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000184371/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:2432","ensembl":"ENSG00000184371","uniprot":"P09603","entrez":"1435","firstDescribed":1985,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Kawasaki E.S. et al, Science, 1985, \"Molecular cloning of a complementary DNA encoding human macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1)\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2996129/","biology":"Cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of haematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. Required for normal male and female fertility. Promotes reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. Plays a role in lipoprotein clearance. Location: Cell membrane; Secreted, extracellular space (UniProt). Locus 1p13.3 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Tenosynovial giant cell tumour: CIViC evidence names this disease"],"targetClass":"other","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/csf1/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"tenosynovial-giant-cell-tumour","kind":"cancer","name":"Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT)","route":"/cancers/tenosynovial-giant-cell-tumour/"}],"drug":[{"id":"pexidartinib","kind":"drug","name":"Pexidartinib","route":"/drugs/pexidartinib/"},{"id":"surufatinib","kind":"drug","name":"Surufatinib","route":"/drugs/surufatinib/"},{"id":"vimseltinib","kind":"drug","name":"Vimseltinib","route":"/drugs/vimseltinib/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"myeloid-suppression-axis","kind":"pathway","name":"Myeloid suppression: TAMs, MDSCs & don't-eat-me signals","route":"/pathways/myeloid-suppression-axis/"}]}}