{"entity":{"id":"crystal-mackall","kind":"person","name":"Crystal L. Mackall","aka":[],"tldr":"Crystal Mackall is a cell therapy pioneer whose team brought GD2 CAR-T to children with brain tumours that had no treatment.","summary":"Crystal Mackall is Director of the Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy and Ernest and Amelia Gallo Family Professor at Stanford, within the Stanford Cancer Institute. A paediatric oncologist and immunologist, she leads Stanford's cancer cell therapy programme, whose GD2 CAR-T trial in H3K27M diffuse midline glioma produced the first meaningful responses in that disease. Her papers include the Nature report of GD2-CAR T cell therapy for H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas and a Nature study showing that c-Jun overexpression in CAR T cells induces exhaustion resistance. She studies CAR-T exhaustion and enhancement across glioma, neuroblastoma and sarcomas.","asOf":"2026-09-08","links":[{"label":"Stanford profile","url":"https://profiles.stanford.edu/search?q=Crystal%20L.%20Mackall"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mackall%20CL%5BAuthor%5D"},{"label":"Google Scholar","url":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Crystal%20L.%20Mackall"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["glioblastoma","neuroblastoma","sarcoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":["car-t","armored-car"],"targets":["gd2"],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":["stanford"],"pathways":[],"terms":["h3k27m"],"trials":["gd2-cart01"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"role":"Director, Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy; Ernest and Amelia Gallo Family Professor","institutionId":"stanford","specialisms":["CAR-T cell therapy","Paediatric oncology","Immunotherapy"],"profiles":[{"label":"Stanford profile","url":"https://profiles.stanford.edu/search?q=Crystal%20L.%20Mackall"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mackall%20CL%5BAuthor%5D"},{"label":"Google Scholar","url":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Crystal%20L.%20Mackall"}],"papers":[{"title":"GD2-CAR T cell therapy for H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas","journal":"Nature","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04489-4","doi":"10.1038/s41586-022-04489-4"},{"title":"c-Jun overexpression in CAR T cells induces exhaustion resistance","journal":"Nature","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1805-z","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1805-z"}]},"route":"/people/crystal-mackall/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"glioblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Glioma & glioblastoma","route":"/cancers/glioblastoma/"},{"id":"neuroblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Neuroblastoma (paediatric)","route":"/cancers/neuroblastoma/"},{"id":"sarcoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)","route":"/cancers/sarcoma/"}],"technology":[{"id":"armored-car","kind":"technology","name":"Armoured, logic-gated & next-gen CARs","route":"/technologies/armored-car/"},{"id":"car-t","kind":"technology","name":"CAR-T cell therapy","route":"/technologies/car-t/"}],"target":[{"id":"gd2","kind":"target","name":"GD2 (disialoganglioside)","route":"/targets/gd2/"}],"institution":[{"id":"stanford","kind":"institution","name":"Stanford Health Care / Stanford Cancer Institute","route":"/institutions/stanford/"}],"term":[{"id":"h3k27m","kind":"term","name":"H3 K27M (diffuse midline glioma)","route":"/terms/h3k27m/"}],"trial":[{"id":"gd2-cart01","kind":"trial","name":"GD2-CART01 (Bambino Gesù phase 1/2)","route":"/trials/gd2-cart01/"}]}}