{"entity":{"id":"cps","kind":"term","name":"Combined positive score (CPS)","aka":[],"tldr":"A PD-L1 score that counts stained tumour cells and immune cells together.","summary":"The combined positive score (CPS) is a PD-L1 measure that counts stained tumour cells together with stained lymphocytes and macrophages, divides by the number of viable tumour cells and multiplies by 100, using the 22C3 assay. A CPS of 10 or more defines Pembrolizumab eligibility in Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) under KEYNOTE-355, while a CPS of 1 or more is the threshold in head and neck, gastric and cervical cancers. It differs from the Tumour proportion score (TPS), which counts tumour cells only, and from the SP142 immune-cell score used for atezolizumab. The score is attached to the PD-L1 target and is referenced by the Gastric, Oesophageal, Ovarian, Cervical and Head and neck cancer entries and by the KEYNOTE-048, KEYNOTE-689, KEYNOTE-590, KEYNOTE-859 and CheckMate 649 trials.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-L1","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-L1"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":["pdl1"],"drugs":["pembrolizumab"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":["keynote-355"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"category":"Biomarkers"},"route":"/terms/cps/","neighbours":{"target":[{"id":"pdl1","kind":"target","name":"PD-L1","route":"/targets/pdl1/"}],"drug":[{"id":"dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx","kind":"drug","name":"PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx","route":"/drugs/dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx/"},{"id":"pembrolizumab","kind":"drug","name":"Pembrolizumab","route":"/drugs/pembrolizumab/"}],"trial":[{"id":"checkmate-649","kind":"trial","name":"CheckMate 649","route":"/trials/checkmate-649/"},{"id":"diamond","kind":"trial","name":"DIAMOND","route":"/trials/diamond/"},{"id":"impassion131","kind":"trial","name":"IMpassion131","route":"/trials/impassion131/"},{"id":"keynote-048","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-048","route":"/trials/keynote-048/"},{"id":"keynote-119","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-119","route":"/trials/keynote-119/"},{"id":"keynote-355","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-355","route":"/trials/keynote-355/"},{"id":"keynote-590","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-590","route":"/trials/keynote-590/"},{"id":"keynote-689","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-689","route":"/trials/keynote-689/"},{"id":"keynote-826","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-826","route":"/trials/keynote-826/"},{"id":"keynote-859","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-859","route":"/trials/keynote-859/"},{"id":"keynote-b96","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-B96 / ENGOT-ov65","route":"/trials/keynote-b96/"},{"id":"orient-16","kind":"trial","name":"ORIENT-16","route":"/trials/orient-16/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"cervical","kind":"cancer","name":"Cervical cancer","route":"/cancers/cervical/"},{"id":"gastric","kind":"cancer","name":"Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer","route":"/cancers/gastric/"},{"id":"head-and-neck","kind":"cancer","name":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/head-and-neck/"},{"id":"hpv-associated-vulvar-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"HPV-associated vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/hpv-associated-vulvar-cancer/"},{"id":"hpv-independent-vulvar-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"HPV-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (p53-mutant)","route":"/cancers/hpv-independent-vulvar-cancer/"},{"id":"tnbc-immunomodulatory","kind":"cancer","name":"Immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer (IM)","route":"/cancers/tnbc-immunomodulatory/"},{"id":"tnbc-metastatic","kind":"cancer","name":"Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer","route":"/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/"},{"id":"esophageal","kind":"cancer","name":"Oesophageal cancer","route":"/cancers/esophageal/"},{"id":"ovarian","kind":"cancer","name":"Ovarian cancer","route":"/cancers/ovarian/"},{"id":"gastric-pdl1-high","kind":"cancer","name":"PD-L1-high gastric cancer","route":"/cancers/gastric-pdl1-high/"},{"id":"recurrent-metastatic-hnscc","kind":"cancer","name":"Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/recurrent-metastatic-hnscc/"},{"id":"tnbc","kind":"cancer","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)","route":"/cancers/tnbc/"},{"id":"vulvar","kind":"cancer","name":"Vulvar cancer","route":"/cancers/vulvar/"}],"term":[{"id":"immune-checkpoint","kind":"term","name":"Immune checkpoint","route":"/terms/immune-checkpoint/"},{"id":"pd-l1-assay-discordance","kind":"term","name":"PD-L1 assay discordance (SP142, SP263 and 22C3 in breast cancer)","route":"/terms/pd-l1-assay-discordance/"},{"id":"pd-l1-cps-10-tnbc","kind":"term","name":"PD-L1 combined positive score 10 in triple-negative breast cancer","route":"/terms/pd-l1-cps-10-tnbc/"},{"id":"pd-l1-testing","kind":"term","name":"PD-L1 expression testing (22C3, SP142, SP263)","route":"/terms/pd-l1-testing/"},{"id":"tnbc-trials-open-today","kind":"term","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer trials open today (registry snapshot and UK sites)","route":"/terms/tnbc-trials-open-today/"},{"id":"tps","kind":"term","name":"Tumour proportion score (TPS)","route":"/terms/tps/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-asco-biomarkers-metastatic-breast-cancer-guideline-jco-2022","kind":"paper","name":"Biomarkers for Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update","route":"/key-papers/paper-asco-biomarkers-metastatic-breast-cancer-guideline-jco-2022/"},{"id":"paper-checkmate-649-lancet-2021","kind":"paper","name":"CheckMate 649: nivolumab plus chemotherapy as first treatment for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction and oesophageal adenocarcinoma","route":"/key-papers/paper-checkmate-649-lancet-2021/"},{"id":"paper-sigurjonsdottir-sp142-22c3-tnbc-bcr-2023","kind":"paper","name":"Comparison of SP142 and 22C3 PD-L1 assays in a population-based cohort of triple-negative breast cancer patients in the context of their clinically established scoring algorithms","route":"/key-papers/paper-sigurjonsdottir-sp142-22c3-tnbc-bcr-2023/"},{"id":"paper-keynote-048-lancet-2019","kind":"paper","name":"KEYNOTE-048: pembrolizumab, alone or with chemotherapy, as first treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-keynote-048-lancet-2019/"},{"id":"paper-keynote-522-nejm-2022","kind":"paper","name":"KEYNOTE-522: adding pembrolizumab before and after surgery in early triple-negative breast cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-keynote-522-nejm-2022/"},{"id":"paper-keynote-a18-os-lancet-2024","kind":"paper","name":"KEYNOTE-A18: pembrolizumab with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (overall survival)","route":"/key-papers/paper-keynote-a18-os-lancet-2024/"},{"id":"paper-keynote-a18-pfs-lancet-2024","kind":"paper","name":"KEYNOTE-A18: pembrolizumab with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (progression-free survival)","route":"/key-papers/paper-keynote-a18-pfs-lancet-2024/"},{"id":"paper-rugo-pd-l1-assay-comparison-impassion130-jnci-2021","kind":"paper","name":"PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Assay Comparison in Atezolizumab Plus nab-Paclitaxel-Treated Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-rugo-pd-l1-assay-comparison-impassion130-jnci-2021/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"tnbc-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem","route":"/roadmaps/tnbc-roadmap/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-tnbc-pd-l1-assay-harmonisation","kind":"idea","name":"Harmonise PD-L1 testing for triple-negative breast cancer around one scored assay, with external quality assurance","route":"/ideas/idea-tnbc-pd-l1-assay-harmonisation/"},{"id":"idea-acc-reflex-biomarker-panels-by-tumour","kind":"idea","name":"Standing reflex biomarker panels per tumour type, run without an oncologist's order","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-reflex-biomarker-panels-by-tumour/"},{"id":"idea-bio2-spatial-signature-cdx","kind":"idea","name":"Turn the map of immune cells inside a tumour into a standardised test","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-spatial-signature-cdx/"}],"technology":[{"id":"companion-diagnostic","kind":"technology","name":"Companion diagnostics","route":"/technologies/companion-diagnostic/"},{"id":"checkpoint-inhibitor","kind":"technology","name":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors","route":"/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-biomarker-validation","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Biomarkers are not validated or standardised","route":"/bottlenecks/b-biomarker-validation/"},{"id":"b-immunotherapy-response","kind":"bottleneck","name":"No one can predict who responds to immunotherapy","route":"/bottlenecks/b-immunotherapy-response/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"immune-desert-exclusion","kind":"pathway","name":"Cold tumours: immune deserts and exclusion","route":"/pathways/immune-desert-exclusion/"}],"biomarker":[{"id":"pd-l1-cps","kind":"biomarker","name":"PD-L1 CPS (combined positive score)","route":"/biomarkers/pd-l1-cps/"}]}}