{"entity":{"id":"araf","kind":"target","name":"ARAF","aka":["A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase","Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf","A-Raf","ARAF1"],"tldr":"ARAF (Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf) is a protein kinase, an enzyme that switches other proteins on by adding phosphate groups. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Lung cancer, Colorectal cancer, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and 4 more.","summary":"Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. May also regulate the TOR signalling cascade. Phosphorylates PFKFB2.\n\nCIViC holds 10 clinical evidence items and 1 assertion across 8 variants, naming Sorafenib, Cobimetinib, Vemurafenib and Cetuximab and others. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.66 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes clinical 0.17, affected pathway 0.88, literature 0.94, genetic association 0.00, somatic mutation 0.46, animal model 0.43). IntOGen calls it a driver in 3 cohorts (3 activating, 0 loss-of-function), covering Cholangiocarcinoma, Lung Adenocarcinoma, Small Cell Lung Cancer.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:646","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:646"},{"label":"UniProt P10398","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P10398/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 369","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/369"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000078061","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000078061"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["lung-cancer","colorectal","langerhans-cell-histiocytosis","nsclc","erdheim-chester-disease","cholangiocarcinoma","sclc"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.17; IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 3 cohorts; CIViC holds 10 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"ARAF","role":["drug-target","oncogene-driver","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:646","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:646","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P10398","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P10398/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene ARAF","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/3","note":"10 evidence items, 1 assertions, 8 variants; diseases: Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma, Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Langerhans-cell Histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester Disease (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000078061","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000078061/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.66;  (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen ARAF","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=ARAF","note":"driver in 3 cohorts (Act 3, LoF 0); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"specificity":"tumour-specific","distribution":"many-types","specificityNote":"Tumour-specific alteration: the catalogues call it an oncogene driver (IntOGen cohort analysis finds it activated more often than chance); what a medicine would aim at or exploit is the altered form or its loss, absent from normal cells; no corpus medicine is aimed at it yet. HPA ARAF: RNA low tissue specificity; high antibody staining in 10 normal tissues; highest cancer staining cervical cancer (3 of 12 high). Distribution: 5 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Lung cancer (all types), Colorectal cancer, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms, Biliary tract cancer (all types)); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 6 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)","specificitySources":[{"label":"UniProt P10398","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P10398/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene ARAF","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/3","note":"10 evidence items, 1 assertions, 8 variants; diseases: Lung Non-small Cell Carcinoma, Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Langerhans-cell Histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester Disease (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen ARAF","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=ARAF","note":"driver in 3 cohorts (Act 3, LoF 0); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"},{"label":"Human Protein Atlas ARAF tissue","url":"https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000078061-ARAF/tissue","note":"RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000078061 associations","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000078061/associations","note":"cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:646","ensembl":"ENSG00000078061","uniprot":"P10398","entrez":"369","firstDescribed":1986,"firstDescribedBasis":"sequence","firstDescribedNote":"Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Mark G.E. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 1986, \"Pks, a raf-related sequence in humans\".","firstDescribedSource":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3529082/","biology":"Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. May also regulate the TOR signalling cascade. Phosphorylates PFKFB2. Serves as a positive regulator of myogenic differentiation by inducing cell cycle arrest, the expression of myogenin and other muscle-specific proteins, and myotube formation. Locus Xp11.3 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Lung cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease","Colorectal cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease","Langerhans cell histiocytosis: CIViC evidence names this disease","Non-small-cell lung cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease; IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (LUAD)","Erdheim-Chester disease: CIViC evidence names this disease","Biliary tract cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (CHOL)"],"targetClass":"kinase","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/araf/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"cholangiocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)","route":"/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/"},{"id":"colorectal","kind":"cancer","name":"Colorectal cancer","route":"/cancers/colorectal/"},{"id":"erdheim-chester-disease","kind":"cancer","name":"Erdheim-Chester disease","route":"/cancers/erdheim-chester-disease/"},{"id":"langerhans-cell-histiocytosis","kind":"cancer","name":"Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)","route":"/cancers/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis/"},{"id":"lung-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Lung cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/lung-cancer/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"},{"id":"sclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/sclc/"}]}}