{"entity":{"id":"androgen-deprivation","kind":"technology","name":"Androgen deprivation & AR pathway inhibitors","aka":[],"tldr":"Androgen deprivation lowers testosterone or blocks its receptor, and has been the foundation of prostate cancer treatment since 1941 (Nobel Prize 1966).","summary":"GnRH agonists/antagonists (leuprolide, relugolix) plus AR pathway inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide) as triplet or doublet therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive disease. Combined with PARP inhibitors in HRR-mutant, with capivasertib in PTEN-deficient (2026), and with 177Lu-PSMA in castration-resistant disease.","status":"standard-of-care","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen_deprivation_therapy","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen_deprivation_therapy"}],"tags":[],"related":["ai-pathology-to-adt"],"cancers":["prostate"],"sections":["hormonal"],"technologies":[],"targets":["androgen-receptor"],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Suppress ligand or block AR; resistance via AR amplification, splice variants, and lineage plasticity.","strengths":["Prolonged disease control"],"limitations":["Metabolic and bone toxicity; castration resistance inevitable in metastatic disease"],"since":1941},"route":"/technologies/androgen-deprivation/","neighbours":{"pairing":[{"id":"ai-pathology-to-adt","kind":"pairing","name":"AI pathology → androgen deprivation duration","route":"/pairings/ai-pathology-to-adt/"},{"id":"parp-plus-arpi","kind":"pairing","name":"PARP inhibitor + AR pathway inhibitor (prostate)","route":"/pairings/parp-plus-arpi/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"prostate-bcr","kind":"cancer","name":"Biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate-bcr/"},{"id":"prostate-ductal-adenocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate","route":"/cancers/prostate-ductal-adenocarcinoma/"},{"id":"prostate-high-risk","kind":"cancer","name":"Localised prostate cancer, high and very high risk","route":"/cancers/prostate-high-risk/"},{"id":"prostate-intermediate-risk","kind":"cancer","name":"Localised prostate cancer, intermediate risk","route":"/cancers/prostate-intermediate-risk/"},{"id":"prostate-mhspc","kind":"cancer","name":"Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate-mhspc/"},{"id":"prostate-nepc","kind":"cancer","name":"Neuroendocrine and small-cell prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate-nepc/"},{"id":"prostate-nmcrpc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate-nmcrpc/"},{"id":"prostate","kind":"cancer","name":"Prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate/"},{"id":"salivary-duct-carcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Salivary duct carcinoma","route":"/cancers/salivary-duct-carcinoma/"},{"id":"salivary-gland","kind":"cancer","name":"Salivary gland cancers","route":"/cancers/salivary-gland/"}],"section":[{"id":"hormonal","kind":"section","name":"Hormonal Therapy","route":"/fronts/hormonal/"}],"target":[{"id":"androgen-receptor","kind":"target","name":"Androgen receptor","route":"/targets/androgen-receptor/"}],"drug":[{"id":"abiraterone","kind":"drug","name":"Abiraterone acetate","route":"/drugs/abiraterone/"},{"id":"apalutamide","kind":"drug","name":"Apalutamide","route":"/drugs/apalutamide/"},{"id":"bicalutamide","kind":"drug","name":"Bicalutamide","route":"/drugs/bicalutamide/"},{"id":"darolutamide","kind":"drug","name":"Darolutamide","route":"/drugs/darolutamide/"},{"id":"degarelix","kind":"drug","name":"Degarelix","route":"/drugs/degarelix/"},{"id":"enzalutamide","kind":"drug","name":"Enzalutamide","route":"/drugs/enzalutamide/"},{"id":"flutamide","kind":"drug","name":"Flutamide","route":"/drugs/flutamide/"},{"id":"leuprolide","kind":"drug","name":"Leuprolide (leuprorelin) and GnRH agonists","route":"/drugs/leuprolide/"},{"id":"nilutamide","kind":"drug","name":"Nilutamide","route":"/drugs/nilutamide/"},{"id":"relugolix","kind":"drug","name":"Relugolix","route":"/drugs/relugolix/"},{"id":"triptorelin","kind":"drug","name":"Triptorelin","route":"/drugs/triptorelin/"}],"trial":[{"id":"nct04691804","kind":"trial","name":"A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study of Fuzuloparib Combined With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone (AA-P) Ver","route":"/trials/nct04691804/"},{"id":"nct06785636","kind":"trial","name":"A Phase 1b/2a Study of Pocenbrodib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Darolutamide in Participants With mCRPC","route":"/trials/nct06785636/"},{"id":"nct05862272","kind":"trial","name":"A Phase 3B Study to Evaluate Bone Mineral Density With Long-Term Use of Relugolix Combination Tablet in Women With Uterine Fibroids or Endometriosis","route":"/trials/nct05862272/"},{"id":"nct02960022","kind":"trial","name":"A Study for Subjects With Prostate Cancer Who Previously Participated in an Enzalutamide Clinical Study","route":"/trials/nct02960022/"},{"id":"nct03706365","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone With or Without Abemaciclib (LY2835219) in Participants With Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct03706365/"},{"id":"nct04557059","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Adding Apalutamide to Radiotherapy and LHRH Agonist in High-Risk Patients With Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct04557059/"},{"id":"nct05884398","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of an Intermittent ADT Approach With Apalutamide Monotherapy in Participants With mCSPC","route":"/trials/nct05884398/"},{"id":"nct01946204","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Apalutamide (ARN-509) in Men With Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct01946204/"},{"id":"nct02489318","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Apalutamide (JNJ-56021927, ARN-509) Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Versus ADT in Participants With mHSPC","route":"/trials/nct02489318/"},{"id":"nct04325828","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Apalutamide Combined With GnRH Agonist in Participants With Androgen Receptor Positive Salivary Gland Carcinoma","route":"/trials/nct04325828/"},{"id":"nct03767244","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Apalutamide in Participants With High-Risk, Localized or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Who Are Candidates for Radical Prostatectomy","route":"/trials/nct03767244/"},{"id":"nct04497844","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Niraparib in Combination With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone Versus Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone for the Treatment of Participants With Deleterious Germline or Somatic Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) Gene-MutatedProstatic Neoplasms (mCSPC)","route":"/trials/nct04497844/"},{"id":"nct04104776","kind":"trial","name":"A Study of Tulmimetostat DZR123 (CPI-0209) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors and Lymphomas","route":"/trials/nct04104776/"},{"id":"nct05794906","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Compare Darolutamide Given With Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and Placebo Given With ADT in Men With Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct05794906/"},{"id":"nct06629779","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Learn How PF-06821497 (Mevrometostat) Works in Men With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.","route":"/trials/nct06629779/"},{"id":"nct07450599","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Learn How Well a Combination of Darolutamide and Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Works as a Treatment Before Surgery for Men Who Have Hi","route":"/trials/nct07450599/"},{"id":"nct07287150","kind":"trial","name":"A Study to Test Inavolisib Treatment in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct07287150/"},{"id":"nct05422911","kind":"trial","name":"Abiraterone, Enzalutamide, or Apalutamide in Castrate-sensitive Prostate Cancer.","route":"/trials/nct05422911/"},{"id":"affirm","kind":"trial","name":"AFFIRM","route":"/trials/affirm/"},{"id":"nct02257736","kind":"trial","name":"An Efficacy and Safety Study of Apalutamide (JNJ-56021927) in Combination With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone Versus Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone in Participants With Chemotherapy-naive Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)","route":"/trials/nct02257736/"},{"id":"nct04076059","kind":"trial","name":"An Efficacy and Safety Study of Enzalutamide Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Versus Placebo Plus ADT in Chinese Patients With Metastatic Hormo","route":"/trials/nct04076059/"},{"id":"nct02531516","kind":"trial","name":"An Efficacy and Safety Study of JNJ-56021927 (Apalutamide) in High-risk Prostate Cancer Subjects Receiving Primary Radiation Therapy: ATLAS","route":"/trials/nct02531516/"},{"id":"aramis","kind":"trial","name":"ARAMIS","route":"/trials/aramis/"},{"id":"aranote","kind":"trial","name":"ARANOTE","route":"/trials/aranote/"},{"id":"arasens","kind":"trial","name":"ARASENS","route":"/trials/arasens/"},{"id":"arches","kind":"trial","name":"ARCHES","route":"/trials/arches/"},{"id":"ascende-rt","kind":"trial","name":"ASCENDE-RT","route":"/trials/ascende-rt/"},{"id":"card","kind":"trial","name":"CARD","route":"/trials/card/"},{"id":"cou-aa-301","kind":"trial","name":"COU-AA-301","route":"/trials/cou-aa-301/"},{"id":"cou-aa-302","kind":"trial","name":"COU-AA-302","route":"/trials/cou-aa-302/"},{"id":"dart-01-05-gicor","kind":"trial","name":"DART 01/05 GICOR","route":"/trials/dart-01-05-gicor/"},{"id":"elm-pc-4-orteronel","kind":"trial","name":"ELM-PC 4","route":"/trials/elm-pc-4-orteronel/"},{"id":"embark","kind":"trial","name":"EMBARK","route":"/trials/embark/"},{"id":"enzamet","kind":"trial","name":"ENZAMET","route":"/trials/enzamet/"},{"id":"eortc-22863","kind":"trial","name":"EORTC 22863","route":"/trials/eortc-22863/"},{"id":"eortc-22961","kind":"trial","name":"EORTC 22961","route":"/trials/eortc-22961/"},{"id":"eortc-22991","kind":"trial","name":"EORTC 22991","route":"/trials/eortc-22991/"},{"id":"era-223","kind":"trial","name":"ERA 223","route":"/trials/era-223/"},{"id":"nct06190899","kind":"trial","name":"Gedatolisib in Combination With Darolutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct06190899/"},{"id":"getug-afu-15","kind":"trial","name":"GETUG-AFU 15","route":"/trials/getug-afu-15/"},{"id":"getug-afu-16","kind":"trial","name":"GETUG-AFU 16","route":"/trials/getug-afu-16/"},{"id":"getug-afu-17","kind":"trial","name":"GETUG-AFU 17","route":"/trials/getug-afu-17/"},{"id":"hero","kind":"trial","name":"HERO","route":"/trials/hero/"},{"id":"keynote-991","kind":"trial","name":"KEYNOTE-991","route":"/trials/keynote-991/"},{"id":"latitude","kind":"trial","name":"LATITUDE","route":"/trials/latitude/"},{"id":"rtog-0521","kind":"trial","name":"NRG Oncology RTOG 0521","route":"/trials/rtog-0521/"},{"id":"patch-transdermal-oestradiol","kind":"trial","name":"PATCH (Prostate Adenocarcinoma Transcutaneous Hormone)","route":"/trials/patch-transdermal-oestradiol/"},{"id":"peace-1","kind":"trial","name":"PEACE-1","route":"/trials/peace-1/"},{"id":"peace-3","kind":"trial","name":"PEACE-3 (EORTC 1333)","route":"/trials/peace-3/"},{"id":"nct03348670","kind":"trial","name":"Pharmacogenomics IND Commercial SNP Clinical Study - Abiraterone and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms","route":"/trials/nct03348670/"},{"id":"prevail","kind":"trial","name":"PREVAIL","route":"/trials/prevail/"},{"id":"prosper","kind":"trial","name":"PROSPER","route":"/trials/prosper/"},{"id":"radicals-hd","kind":"trial","name":"RADICALS-HD","route":"/trials/radicals-hd/"},{"id":"rtog-9202","kind":"trial","name":"RTOG 92-02","route":"/trials/rtog-9202/"},{"id":"rtog-9408","kind":"trial","name":"RTOG 94-08","route":"/trials/rtog-9408/"},{"id":"spcg-7","kind":"trial","name":"SPCG-7/SFUO-3","route":"/trials/spcg-7/"},{"id":"stampede","kind":"trial","name":"STAMPEDE","route":"/trials/stampede/"},{"id":"nct07745361","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Oral MRT-2359 With Apalutamide in Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct07745361/"},{"id":"nct06228053","kind":"trial","name":"Study of SX-682 Plus Enzalutamide in Men With ARPI-Resistant Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct06228053/"},{"id":"nct04821622","kind":"trial","name":"Study of Talazoparib With Enzalutamide in Men With DDR Gene Mutated mCSPC","route":"/trials/nct04821622/"},{"id":"nct06702995","kind":"trial","name":"Study of XNW5004 Tablet in Combination With Enzalutamide in Subjects With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct06702995/"},{"id":"nct04464226","kind":"trial","name":"Study to Continue Treatment With Darolutamide in Patients Who Have Been Participating in Previous Darolutamide Studies Supported by Bayer","route":"/trials/nct04464226/"},{"id":"swog-9346","kind":"trial","name":"SWOG 9346 (intermittent androgen deprivation)","route":"/trials/swog-9346/"},{"id":"nct07028853","kind":"trial","name":"This Study Will Explore Whether a Combination of the Investigational Drug Mevrometostat (PF-06821497) and Enzalutamide Will Work Better Than Taking En","route":"/trials/nct07028853/"},{"id":"nct07190300","kind":"trial","name":"TulmiSTAR-02: A Phase I/II Open-label Study of Tulmimetostat in Combination With Darolutamide vs. Darolutamide, and Tulmimetostat With Abiraterone in ","route":"/trials/nct07190300/"},{"id":"nct04986423","kind":"trial","name":"ZEN003694 and Enzalutamide Versus Enzalutamide Monotherapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","route":"/trials/nct04986423/"}],"term":[{"id":"agonist-antagonist","kind":"term","name":"Agonist and antagonist","route":"/terms/agonist-antagonist/"},{"id":"adt","kind":"term","name":"Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)","route":"/terms/adt/"},{"id":"hormone-therapy","kind":"term","name":"Hormone therapy","route":"/terms/hormone-therapy/"},{"id":"prostate-stampede-arms","kind":"term","name":"STAMPEDE's arms, and what each one answered","route":"/terms/prostate-stampede-arms/"},{"id":"prostate-adt-burden","kind":"term","name":"What androgen deprivation costs: the side of hormone therapy the survival curves do not show","route":"/terms/prostate-adt-burden/"},{"id":"prostate-crpc-sequencing","kind":"term","name":"What follows what in castration-resistant prostate cancer","route":"/terms/prostate-crpc-sequencing/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"ar-signaling","kind":"pathway","name":"Androgen receptor signalling","route":"/pathways/ar-signaling/"},{"id":"transcription-addiction","kind":"pathway","name":"Transcriptional machinery & addiction","route":"/pathways/transcription-addiction/"}],"person":[{"id":"andrew-armstrong","kind":"person","name":"Andrew J. Armstrong","route":"/people/andrew-armstrong/"},{"id":"anthony-damico","kind":"person","name":"Anthony V. D'Amico","route":"/people/anthony-damico/"},{"id":"christopher-sweeney","kind":"person","name":"Christopher J. Sweeney","route":"/people/christopher-sweeney/"},{"id":"johann-de-bono","kind":"person","name":"Johann de Bono","route":"/people/johann-de-bono/"},{"id":"maha-hussain","kind":"person","name":"Maha Hussain","route":"/people/maha-hussain/"},{"id":"matthew-smith","kind":"person","name":"Matthew R. Smith","route":"/people/matthew-smith/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-acc-cardiometabolic-clinic-hormone-therapy","kind":"idea","name":"Cardiometabolic screening and treatment for survivors on long-term hormone therapy","route":"/ideas/idea-acc-cardiometabolic-clinic-hormone-therapy/"},{"id":"idea-cost-low-dose-abiraterone-food","kind":"idea","name":"Prescribe a quarter dose of abiraterone with breakfast","route":"/ideas/idea-cost-low-dose-abiraterone-food/"},{"id":"idea-tr1-food-effect-dose-reduction","kind":"idea","name":"Use food effects to cut the dose and cost of oral drugs that absorb better with meals","route":"/ideas/idea-tr1-food-effect-dose-reduction/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"hormonal-therapy-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Hormonal therapy roadmap: removing the ovaries → tamoxifen → oral degraders switched by a blood test","route":"/roadmaps/hormonal-therapy-roadmap/"},{"id":"cure-paths","kind":"roadmap","name":"Paths to cures: interception, eradication, control","route":"/roadmaps/cure-paths/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-stampede-abiraterone-nejm-2017","kind":"paper","name":"STAMPEDE: adding abiraterone to hormone therapy at diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-stampede-abiraterone-nejm-2017/"}],"institution":[{"id":"uchicago-cancer","kind":"institution","name":"University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center","route":"/institutions/uchicago-cancer/"}],"technology":[{"id":"cancer-treatment-bone-loss","kind":"technology","name":"Bone loss caused by cancer treatment, and what rebuilds it","route":"/technologies/cancer-treatment-bone-loss/"},{"id":"testosterone-after-cancer-treatment","kind":"technology","name":"Testosterone after cancer treatment in men","route":"/technologies/testosterone-after-cancer-treatment/"}],"company":[{"id":"anzup","kind":"company","name":"ANZUP Cancer Trials Group","route":"/companies/anzup/"},{"id":"trog","kind":"company","name":"TROG Cancer Research","route":"/companies/trog/"}]}}