# Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/  
OnCo record `tnbc-metastatic` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

The treatment of triple-negative breast cancer that has spread has been transformed since 2020, though it is not yet curable. By PD-L1 score, first treatment is pembrolizumab with chemotherapy or with sacituzumab govitecan, or datopotamab deruxtecan or sacituzumab govitecan alone; BRCA carriers can take a PARP inhibitor tablet; and trastuzumab deruxtecan reaches the third of tumours with low HER2.

## Summary

Metastatic triple-negative disease spreads early to lung, liver and brain and grows fast, so the first line matters more than in other breast cancers. At relapse the tumour is retested, because receptors can change, and three results steer treatment: PD-L1 by combined positive score (10 or more in roughly four in ten patients), germline BRCA status and the HER2 immunohistochemistry score that identifies HER2-low disease. Until 2018 the options were taxanes, anthracyclines, platinum, capecitabine and eribulin, with platinum favoured in BRCA carriers after the TNT trial.

Immunotherapy came first. IMpassion130 showed atezolizumab with nab-paclitaxel delays progression in PD-L1-positive disease and won an accelerated approval that was withdrawn in 2021 when IMpassion131 with paclitaxel failed. KEYNOTE-355 (847 patients) showed pembrolizumab with chemotherapy extends survival in tumours with a combined positive score of 10 or more (hazard ratio 0.73) and became the first-line standard for that group. The TROP2 antibody-drug conjugates then moved into the first line: ASCENT-04 showed sacituzumab govitecan with pembrolizumab beats chemotherapy with pembrolizumab in PD-L1-positive disease, ASCENT-03 showed sacituzumab govitecan beats chemotherapy in PD-L1-negative disease, and TROPION-Breast02 (644 patients) showed datopotamab deruxtecan extends overall survival from 18.7 to 23.7 months in patients who cannot have immunotherapy, the first first-line antibody-drug conjugate to do so; all three were approved in 2026.

Later lines were transformed earlier. ASCENT (529 patients with at least two prior lines) showed sacituzumab govitecan nearly doubles survival against chemotherapy (12.1 against 6.7 months, hazard ratio 0.48), the first antibody-drug conjugate approval in triple-negative disease in 2020. For germline BRCA carriers OlympiAD (302 patients) and EMBRACA (431) showed olaparib and talazoparib extend progression-free survival over chemotherapy (7.0 against 4.2 months, hazard ratio 0.58; 8.6 against 5.6 months, hazard ratio 0.54) without a significant survival gain. DESTINY-Breast04 included a small HER2-low triple-negative cohort that pointed the same way as the main result, and trastuzumab deruxtecan is an option for the third of tumours that are HER2-low; the bispecific antibody-drug conjugate izalontamab brengitecan posted a positive phase 3 in 2026. Whether a second topoisomerase-payload conjugate works after the first, how to select patients for TROP2 drugs, and what to do about brain metastases, present in up to a third to nearly half of patients, are the open questions.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Also known as: Advanced triple-negative breast cancer; Stage IV TNBC; Recurrent triple-negative breast cancer
- Tags: subtype-page
- Group: breast
- Burden: Many women with early triple-negative disease relapse, most within three years, joining those diagnosed with spread from the outset; median survival was about a year to eighteen months on chemotherapy alone and now approaches two years in first-line trials.
- Subtypes: PD-L1-positive basal-like disease (combined positive score 10 or more; pembrolizumab combinations); PD-L1-negative or immunotherapy-ineligible disease (antibody-drug conjugate first); Germline BRCA-mutant metastatic triple-negative disease (olaparib, talazoparib, platinum); HER2-low triple-negative disease (trastuzumab deruxtecan); Early relapse within twelve months of curative chemotherapy (excluded from many first-line trials); Triple-negative disease with brain metastases
- Biomarkers: PD-L1 by 22C3 combined positive score (10 or more for pembrolizumab); Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 (PARP inhibitors); HER2 immunohistochemistry to identify HER2-low disease; Repeat receptor testing on a metastatic biopsy (receptor conversion); TROP2 expression (not required for TROP2 antibody-drug conjugates); Tumour mutational burden and microsatellite instability (tumour-agnostic immunotherapy)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/#overview [4 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/#what-it-is [6 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/#finding-it [6 biomarkers]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/#treating-it [5 settings, 4 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/evidence/ [157 trials, 13 key papers, 8 milestones]
- Biology and targets (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/#science [11 targets]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/where-you-are/ [20 UK centres]
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/#living-with-it [22 questions, 6 red cards]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/coming/ [24 medicines, 154 trials, 4 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/data/ [257 connected records]

## Standard of care

- First line, combined positive score 10 or more: Pembrolizumab with chemotherapy (KEYNOTE-355) or with sacituzumab govitecan (ASCENT-04). ([Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [KEYNOTE-355](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-355/), [Sacituzumab govitecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/sacituzumab-govitecan/), [ASCENT-04 / KEYNOTE-D19](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent-04/), [Combined positive score (CPS)](https://onco.cc/terms/cps/))
- First line, PD-L1-negative or immunotherapy-ineligible: Datopotamab deruxtecan (TROPION-Breast02) or sacituzumab govitecan (ASCENT-03); a taxane or platinum where antibody-drug conjugates are unavailable. ([Datopotamab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/datopotamab-deruxtecan/), [TROPION-Breast02](https://onco.cc/trials/tropion-breast02/), [Sacituzumab govitecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/sacituzumab-govitecan/), [ASCENT-03](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent-03/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [Carboplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/carboplatin/))
- Germline BRCA carriers: Olaparib (OlympiAD) or talazoparib (EMBRACA) after or instead of first-line chemotherapy; platinum chemotherapy is also more active. ([Olaparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/olaparib/), [OlympiAD](https://onco.cc/trials/olympiad/), [Talazoparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/talazoparib/), [EMBRACA](https://onco.cc/trials/embraca/), [Carboplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/carboplatin/), [Germline BRCA mutation (gBRCA)](https://onco.cc/terms/gbrca-mutation/))
- Second line and beyond: Whichever TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate has not been used (ASCENT); trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-low tumours (DESTINY-Breast04); izalontamab brengitecan where available; eribulin, capecitabine or gemcitabine with carboplatin. ([Sacituzumab govitecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/sacituzumab-govitecan/), [ASCENT](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [DESTINY-Breast04](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-breast04/), [Izalontamab brengitecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/izalontamab-brengitecan/), [Eribulin](https://onco.cc/drugs/eribulin/), [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/), [Gemcitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/gemcitabine/))
- Brain metastases: Stereotactic radiosurgery or whole-brain radiotherapy with continued systemic therapy; antibody-drug conjugates have early evidence of intracranial activity. ([Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiosurgery-srs/), [Brain metastases (intracranial disease)](https://onco.cc/terms/brain-metastases/))

## State of the art

- Antibody-drug conjugates are first-line therapy for every PD-L1 group, alone or with pembrolizumab.
- Median survival in first-line trials approaches two years, roughly double the chemotherapy era.
- PARP inhibitors give BRCA carriers a chemotherapy-free option.
- A bispecific antibody-drug conjugate has succeeded in phase 3.

## Open problems

- Cross-resistance between antibody-drug conjugates sharing a topoisomerase I payload.
- No biomarker selects patients for TROP2 drugs.
- Brain metastases remain undertreated and are excluded from most trials.
- Access: the new first-line drugs cost many times more than chemotherapy.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer
- ASCENT (NEJM 2021): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028485
- KEYNOTE-355 (NEJM 2022): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2202809
- OlympiAD (NEJM 2017): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1706450

## Connected records

- cancers: [BRCA-associated triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/brca-associated-tnbc/), [Early triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/), [Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc/)
- key papers: [ASCENT: sacituzumab govitecan doubles survival in heavily pretreated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ascent-nejm-2021/), [Biomarker analyses in the phase III ASCENT study of sacituzumab govitecan versus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bardia-ascent-trop2-biomarker-ann-oncol-2021/), [Capivasertib plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel as first-line therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the PAKT trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-schmid-pakt-capivasertib-tnbc-jco-2020/), [Carboplatin in BRCA1/2-mutated and triple-negative breast cancer BRCAness subgroups: the TNT Trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tutt-nat-med/), [DESTINY-Breast04: trastuzumab deruxtecan works in HER2-low breast cancer, creating a new treatable group](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-destiny-breast04-nejm-2022/), [Enzalutamide for the treatment of androgen receptor-expressing triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-traina-enzalutamide-ar-tnbc-jco-2018/), [Genomic characterization of metastatic breast cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bertucci-metastatic-breast-genomics-nature-2019/), [Ipatasertib plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel as first-line therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (LOTUS): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kim-lotus-ipatasertib-tnbc-lancet-oncol-2017/), [KEYNOTE-355: pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive advanced triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-keynote-355-nejm-2022/), [OlympiAD: olaparib versus chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer with a germline BRCA mutation](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-olympiad-nejm-2017/), [PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Assay Comparison in Atezolizumab Plus nab-Paclitaxel-Treated Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-rugo-pd-l1-assay-comparison-impassion130-jnci-2021/), [Phase II trial of bicalutamide in patients with androgen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-negative metastatic breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-gucalp-bicalutamide-ar-positive-tbcrc011-ccr-2013/), [Tumor mutational burden and PTEN alterations as molecular correlates of response to PD-1/L1 blockade in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-barroso-sousa-tmb-pten-ici-mtnbc-ccr-2020/)
- drugs: [Atezolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/atezolizumab/), [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/), [Capivasertib](https://onco.cc/drugs/capivasertib/), [Carboplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/carboplatin/), [Datopotamab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/datopotamab-deruxtecan/), [Docetaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/docetaxel/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Eribulin](https://onco.cc/drugs/eribulin/), [Gemcitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/gemcitabine/), [Ipatasertib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ipatasertib/), [Ivonescimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ivonescimab/), [Izalontamab brengitecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/izalontamab-brengitecan/), [Nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/nab-paclitaxel/), [Olaparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/olaparib/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [Patritumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/patritumab-deruxtecan/), [PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx](https://onco.cc/drugs/dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Sacituzumab govitecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/sacituzumab-govitecan/), [Sacituzumab tirumotecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/sacituzumab-tirumotecan/), [Talazoparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/talazoparib/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [Veliparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/veliparib/), [VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay](https://onco.cc/drugs/ventana-pd-l1-sp142/)
- trials: [A Cancer Vaccine (STEMVAC) in Combination With Chemotherapy for the Treatment of PD-L1 Negative Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07078604/), [A Clinical Study of 9MW2821 (and PD-1 Inhibitor) in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06492005/), [A Clinical Trial of SHR-A1811 in the Treatment of Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07111832/), [A Dose Finding Phase 1 of Sarilumab Plus Capecitabine in HER2/Neu-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer and a Single-arm, Historically-controlled Phase 2 Study of S](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04333706/), [A Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label, Phase III Study Comparing PD-1 Inhibitor Combined With Antivascular Therapy and Anthracycline/Taxane-based Adjuvant Chem](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05862064/), [A Multicenter, Open-label Phase IIa Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of B1962 Injection in the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06724263/), [A Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Study of Trop-2 ADC Combination Therapy for Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06878625/), [A Phase 2 Study of PCS6422 With Capecitabine in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06568692/), [A Phase I/II Trial of UCB4594 in Participants With Advanced Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06380816/), [A Phase II Clinical Study of Multimodal Ablation Combined With Systemic Drug Therapy for Advanced Solid Tumors.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06889610/), [A Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Preliminary Efficacy of IMM2510 in Combination with Chemotherapy As First-line Tr](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06746870/), [A Phase II, Single-arm Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Inavolisib in Combination With Eribulin in Pretreated Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07441512/), [A Phase III Study of ESG401 for Unresectable Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06732323/), [A Phase III Study of JSKN016 Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Have Failed Standard of Care](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07533123/), [A Randomized Controlled Trial of Neoadjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel Versus Weekly Paclitaxel Plus Weekly Carboplatin In Women With Large Operable or Locally Advanced](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03168880/), [A Single-Arm Phase Ⅱ Study of Fluzoparib Maintenance in Platinum-sensitive Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cance](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07321015/), [A Study of 9MW2821 Versus Chemotherapy in Participants With Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07556848/), [A Study of AK117/AK112 in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05227664/), [A Study of BEBT-209 Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07544056/), [A Study of BL-B01D1 Plus an Anti-PD-1 Antibody Versus Nab-paclitaxel Plus an Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Patients With Previously Untreated, Locally Advanced, Inopera](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07729956/), [A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Recurrent Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06471205/), [A Study of Camrelizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Combination With or Without Famitinib as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Participants With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (BC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05999149/), [A Study of Dato-DXd in Chinese Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Triple-negative Breast Cancer and Other Solid Tumors (TROPION-PanTumor02)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05460273/), [A Study of HB0025 Plus Nab-paclitaxel as First Line Therapy for TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07376629/), [A Study of IOV-5001 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07743723/), [A Study of MR001 in Patients With Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07208149/), [A Study of Novel Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03742102/), [A Study of PM8002 Plus Nab-paclitaxel as First Line Therapy for TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05918133/), [A Study of Radiation Therapy With Pembrolizumab and Olaparib or Other Radiosensitizers in Women Who Have Triple-Negative or Hormone-Receptor Positive/Her2 Negat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04683679/), [A Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Given at an Alternative Dose and Schedule in Participants With Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06926920/), [A Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Plus Toripalimab Versus Toripalimab Plus Nab-Paclitaxel in PD-L1 Positive Advanced TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07040644/), [A Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT, MK-2870) as Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Participants With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (MK-2870-011/TroFuse-011)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06841354/), [A Study of SDX-7320 in Combination With Eribulin for People With Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05570253/), [A Study of SKB264 Versus Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06279364/), [A Study of Tobemstomig + Nab-Paclitaxel Compared With Pembrolizumab + Nab-Paclitaxel in Participants With Previously Untreated, PD-L1-Positive, Locally-Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05852691/), [A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Nanosomal Docetaxel Lipid Suspension in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03671044/), [A Study to Explore Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-tumor Activity of Novel Therapeutics in Patients With Early Relapsed Metastatic Triple-negat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06508216/), [A Trial of Camrelizumab Plus Nab-paclitaxel and Levocetirizine in Metastatic or Recurrent TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06632405/), [A Trial of LBL-024 Monotherapy or Combination Drug in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07281976/), [Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Combined With Antiangiogenic Agents in First-line Treatment of Relapsed or Metastatic TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05192798/), [All Trans Retinoic Acid Combined with Toripalimab+Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer：a Multi-center, Multi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06636981/), [Alpelisib/iNOS Inhibitor/Nab-paclitaxel in Patients With HER2 Negative Metaplastic Breast Cancer (MpBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05660083/), [Anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR-Gene Engineered Lymphocytes Given by Infusion to Patients With NY-ESO-1 -Expressing Metastatic Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05296564/), [Apatinib Combined with Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel for Treatment of Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05019690/), [ASCENT](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent/), [ASCENT-03](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent-03/), [ASCENT-04 / KEYNOTE-D19](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent-04/), [ASTRAEA: ReinvigorAting ReSponse To ImmunotheRApy in MEtAstatic TNBC With Combination Myeloid Inhibition and Radiation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07015853/), [Atezolizumab and Chemotherapy Treatment as T-cell Activators in Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06690840/), [BCD-236 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Relapsed and/or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07108309/), [Bicalutamide and Abemaciclib in Inoperable or Metastatic Androgen Receptor-positive Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06365788/), [BL-B01D1-307](https://onco.cc/trials/bl-b01d1-307/), [Bone Marrow Protection, Safety, Efficacy of Trilaciclib and Eribulin in Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC(Triple-negative Breast Cancer)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07255612/), [BrAin Metastasis in tripLe Negateive Breast Cancer: IvoneScimab and Trop2 ADC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06793332/), [BROCADE3](https://onco.cc/trials/brocade3/), [Cadonilimab Combined With Chemotherapy as First or Second Line Treatment in Recurrent or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06367088/), [Camrelizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Early or Locally Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07107217/), [Camrelizumab, Pirfenidone, and Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07161791/), [Capivasertib+Paclitaxel as First Line Treatment for Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03997123/), [Circulating Tumor DNA to Guide Changes in Standard of Care Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05770531/), [Clinical Study of QL1706 in Combination With Olaparib for the Treatment of Patients With Previously Treated Homologous Recombination Repair-Deficient Recurrent](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07005583/), [Combination Immunotherapy Treatment for Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic, PD-L1 Negative (CPS<10), gBRCA Negative, Triple Negative Breast Cancer Incl](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07762703/), [DATO-BASE: DATOpotamab-deruxtecan for Breast Cancer Brain metAstaSEs](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06176261/), [DESTINY-Breast04](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-breast04/), [DIAMOND](https://onco.cc/trials/diamond/), [Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Breast Cancer (HER2+ and TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07486089/), [Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Breast Cancer HER2+ TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07510802/), [Efficacy and Safety of Extended-Dose Interval Immunotherapy Versus Standard-Dose Interval Immunotherapy for Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07401537/), [Efficacy and Safety of PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody Combined With Metronomic VEX in Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06229067/), [Efficacy and Safety of Tenalisib in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06189209/), [EMBRACA](https://onco.cc/trials/embraca/), [Enhancing ICB Efficacy Through IL-1 Inhibition in TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07698106/), [Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Anti-tumor Activity of MB0151 in Adult Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors Expressing Somatostatin Receptor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06840821/), [Evolutionary Clinical Trial for Novel Biomarker-Driven Therapies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07340541/), [Famitinib in Combination With Camrelizumab and TPC in The First-line Treatment of Immunomodulatory Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05760378/), [FDA018-ADC vs Investigator's Choice Chemotherapy to Treat Locally Advanced, Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06519370/), [First-Line Sacituzumab Govitecan in Advanced Untreated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07299409/), [FUSCC Refractory TNBC Platform Study (FUTURE2.0)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05749588/), [HEADWATERS: Gemcitabine vs Paclitaxel in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Women of African Ancestry.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07528768/), [High Dose Radiation Therapy With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Patients With PD-L1 Positive Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06492759/), [HIM Typing Guides the Treatment of Advanced First-Line Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06849492/), [Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Before or After Breast Surgery for Treatment of Patients With Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06635980/), [Immune Induction Strategies to Improve Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04159818/), [IMpassion130](https://onco.cc/trials/impassion130/), [IMpassion131](https://onco.cc/trials/impassion131/), [Induction Therapy of PTX+BV Followed by Atezolizumab+Nab-PTX for PD-L1+ TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06793553/), [Intratumoral INT230-6 Followed by Neoadjuvant Immuno-chemotherapy in Patients With Early TNBC. INVINCIBLE-4-SAKK](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06358573/), [Investigating the Effectiveness of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) in Addition to Standard of Care Treatment for Cancer That Has Spread Beyond the Origina](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03808337/), [IPATunity130](https://onco.cc/trials/ipatunity130/), [IZABRIGHT-Breast01](https://onco.cc/trials/izabright-breast01/), [JAK1 Inhibitor Ivarmacitinib Reversing Immunotherapy Resistance in TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06731153/), [JS207 Combination Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07045311/), [KEYNOTE-119](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-119/), [KEYNOTE-355](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-355/), [LM-108 in Combination With PD-1 Based Treatment for Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Triple - Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06387628/), [LOTUS](https://onco.cc/trials/lotus/), [Milaberon in Advanced Solid Tumors: an Open, Multicenter Clinical Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06534762/), [Nab-paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Versus Nab-paclitaxel Plus Capecitabine in the Treatment of Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04159142/), [NOvel Immunotherapy Strategies for Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Patients: TONIC-3 Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06342037/), [Nuvastatic® Phase III Trial for Fatigue in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07669467/), [Olaparib in the Treatment of BRCA1/2 Unmutated and BRCA1 Promoter Methylated Recurrent and Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05522491/), [OlympiAD](https://onco.cc/trials/olympiad/), [Oral Zn-Telomir Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07581314/), [PAKT](https://onco.cc/trials/pakt/), [Pembrolizumab + Paclitaxel +/- Bevacizumab for Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06976944/), [Pembrolizumab and ADG106 in Advanced Solid Cancers and Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05491083/), [Personalized Neoantigen Peptide-Based Vaccine in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05269381/), [Phase 2 Clinical Study of Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab (QL1706) in Combination With Platinum Chemotherapy Versus Platinum Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Secon](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07413601/), [Phase I/II, Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BLEX 404 With Docetaxel in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02802423/), [Phase II Clinical Trial of PD-L1 in Combination With Vinorelbine + Cyclophosphamide + Capecitabine (VEX) Metronomic Chemotherapy With or Without Radiotherapy fo](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06771609/), [Phase II Study of HLX43 Monotherapy or Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Locally Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Triple-negative Br](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07487519/), [Phase III Trial of Camrelizumab+Apatinib+Eribulin vs. Physician's Choice Chemotherapy in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06889688/), [Precise Treatment for BLIS Subtype of TNBC in the First-line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05806060/), [Prevention of Sacituzumab Govitecan-related Neutropenia in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06616987/), [ProAgio in Combination With Gemcitabine in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06460298/), [QLC5513 Alone or in Combination With QL1706 in Previously Treated Advanced or Metastatic TNBC.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07509515/), [QUEEN-APPLE: A Single-Arm, Multicenter, Prospective Phase II Clinical Study of Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab (QL1706) in Combination With Anlotinib Hydrochloride](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07601178/), [Restoring Sensitivity To Immunotherapy In Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer Exploiting Ceralasertib Priming Followed By Combined Durvalumab/Nab-Paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05582538/), [Retlirafusp Alfa Combined With Chemotherapy or Fuzuloparib for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07752550/), [Sac-TMT for Active TNBC Brain Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07458113/), [Saci Nivo Rela for TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06963905/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan +/- Pembrolizumab in Metastatic TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04468061/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan and Q901 in Advanced TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07788222/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan and Zimberelimab w/SRS in the Management of Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06238921/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan Plus Bevacizumab in Metastatic TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07359404/), [Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Plus Anlotinib for Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07139470/), [Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Plus Tagitanlimab in Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07153965/), [Safety and Efficacy Analysis of an Antibody Associated With a Chemotherapy for Patients With a Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05552001/), [Selinexor & Talazoparib in Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors; Advanced/Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (START)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05035745/), [Seviteronel in Combination With Chemotherapy in Androgen-receptor Positive Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04947189/), [SKB264 Injection vs Investigator Selected Regimens to Treat Locally Advanced, Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05347134/), [Standard Chemotherapy Plus Moxifloxacin as First-line Treatment for Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04722978/), [Stereotactic Radiotherapy Combined With Adebrelimab and TCb (Nab-paclitaxel + Carboplatin) in Neoadjuvant Treatment of TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06165900/), [Study Comparing the Standard Administration of IO Versus the Same IO Administered Each 3 Months in Patients in Response After 6 Months of Standard IO](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05078047/), [Study of Cadonilimab (AK104) Plus Eribulin vs. Eribulin Monotherapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06202313/), [Study of Camrelizumab Plus Apatinib and Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Participants With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05447702/), [Study of Naxitamab and Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients With Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07011654/), [Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Chinese Patients With Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer Who Received at Least Two Prior Treatments](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04454437/), [Tamoxifen and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic or Inoperable, Locally Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06434064/), [Temozolomide Monotherapy or in Combination With Olaparib in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05128734/), [Testing the Addition of an Individualized Vaccine to Durvalumab and Tremelimumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03606967/), [Testing Two Different Drugs (Sacituzumab-govitecan and Trastuzumab-deruxtecan) Combinations Prescribed in an Alterning Pattern to Patients With Metastatic or Lo](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07151586/), [The Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Trop2-ADC Monotherapy or Combination Immunotherapy Strategy in the Treatment of Advanced Triple-negative Breast](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06851299/), [The Efficacy and Safety of Lenvatinib Combined With Sindilimab and Nab-paclitaxel in the First-line Treatment for Recurrent and Metastatic Triple Negative Breas](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06140576/), [The Efficacy and Safety of Utidelone Plus Tirelizumab and Bevacizumab for Advanced or Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (UTILIZABLE) ：Single-arm, Prospec](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06125080/), [The Optimal Radioimmunotherapy Combinations for Advanced TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06735131/), [The Role of Simvastatin in The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process of Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05550415/), [TIL Gean Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy for Advanced or Metastatic Refractory Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06532812/), [Tislelizumab Combined with Nab-Paclitaxel for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Bone Metastasis，an Exploratory, Single-Arm, Mu](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06538896/), [Tislelizumab in Combination With Bevacizumab and Capecitabine in Advanced Solid Tumors With Evaluation in Immunotherapy-Resistant and Central Nervous System Dis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07681297/), [TNT (Triple Negative Trial)](https://onco.cc/trials/tnt/), [To Assess Safety and Efficacy of Agents Targeting DNA Damage Repair With Olaparib Versus Olaparib Monotherapy.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03330847/), [Toci +/- SOC Chemo for Metastatic Triple Negative and ER-positive, HER2-negative Breast Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05846789/), [Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer With Adoptive Therapy of PD1+ TILS](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05451784/), [Trial of Single Protein Encapsulated Doxorubicin, SPEDOX-6 in Advanced Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07064018/), [TROPION-Breast02](https://onco.cc/trials/tropion-breast02/), [TROPION-Breast05](https://onco.cc/trials/tropion-breast05/)
- technologies: [Dual-payload ADC](https://onco.cc/technologies/dual-payload-adc/), [Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiosurgery-srs/), [TROP2 PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/trop2-pet/)
- terms: [Brain metastases (intracranial disease)](https://onco.cc/terms/brain-metastases/), [Combined positive score (CPS)](https://onco.cc/terms/cps/), [Exceptional responder](https://onco.cc/terms/exceptional-responder/), [Germline BRCA mutation (gBRCA)](https://onco.cc/terms/gbrca-mutation/), [HER2-low eligibility for trastuzumab deruxtecan, and TROP2 ADCs without a test (triple-negative disease)](https://onco.cc/terms/her2-low-and-trop2-adc-eligibility-tnbc/), [Palliation in advanced triple-negative breast cancer: brain, bone, pleura, skin and end of life](https://onco.cc/terms/tnbc-symptom-control-palliation/), [PD-L1 assay discordance (SP142, SP263 and 22C3 in breast cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/pd-l1-assay-discordance/), [PD-L1 combined positive score 10 in triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/pd-l1-cps-10-tnbc/), [Triple-negative breast cancer trials open today (registry snapshot and UK sites)](https://onco.cc/terms/tnbc-trials-open-today/)
- people: [Mark E. Robson](https://onco.cc/people/mark-robson/)
- biomarkers: [Germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant (gBRCAm)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/brca-germline/), [HER2-low (IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH-negative)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/her2-low-ihc/), [PD-L1 CPS (combined positive score)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pd-l1-cps/), [PD-L1 IC score (immune-cell score, SP142)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pd-l1-ic-score/), [PTEN alteration (sequencing) and PTEN loss (IHC)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pten-alteration/), [TMB-high (tumour mutational burden >= 10 mutations per megabase)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/tmb-high/), [TROP2 expression](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/trop2-expression/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/tnbc-metastatic.json