# Early triple-negative breast cancer

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/  
OnCo record `tnbc-early` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Early triple-negative breast cancer is treated to cure. For tumours over 2 cm or with node involvement, chemotherapy plus the immunotherapy pembrolizumab before and after surgery has raised cure rates; BRCA carriers with cancer left at surgery add a year of olaparib, and others with residual cancer are offered capecitabine. Whether the tumour has vanished by surgery guides what comes next.

## Summary

Early triple-negative disease is basal-like in most cases, almost always TP53-mutant, carries a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in roughly one in five patients and is the breast cancer with the most immune infiltration. Because there is no receptor to block, chemotherapy has carried the curative burden, and it is given before surgery whenever the tumour is over 2 cm or the nodes are involved, both to shrink it and because the response at surgery, measured as pathological complete response or residual cancer burden, is the strongest predictor of relapse. Platinum added to a taxane and anthracycline raised complete response rates in GeparSixto, CALGB 40603 and BrighTNess, and tumours under 1 cm without node involvement often need no chemotherapy at all, with high tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes marking a group whose outcome is excellent regardless.

KEYNOTE-522 rewrote the standard. It randomised 1,174 patients with stage II or III disease to pembrolizumab or placebo with carboplatin and paclitaxel then an anthracycline and cyclophosphamide before surgery, followed by pembrolizumab or placebo for nine cycles after. Pathological complete response rose from 51.2 to 64.8 percent, event-free survival improved (hazard ratio 0.63) and, unusually for a neoadjuvant trial, overall survival did too, with the seven-year update showing 85.1 against 77.2 percent alive; the FDA approved the regimen in July 2021 and it is given whatever the PD-L1 score. IMpassion031 showed atezolizumab raises complete response in the same setting (58 against 41 percent) but never became a standard.

What follows surgery depends on what the pathologist finds. Women with a complete response finish their year of pembrolizumab and whether they need it at all is being tested in OptimICE-pCR. Women with residual disease and a germline BRCA mutation take olaparib for a year: OlympiA randomised 1,836 such patients with HER2-negative disease, about four in five triple-negative, and improved invasive disease-free survival (hazard ratio 0.58) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.72). Others are offered six to eight cycles of capecitabine on the strength of CREATE-X, a Japanese trial of 910 women with residual HER2-negative disease in which five-year disease-free survival rose from 67.6 to 74.1 percent with the largest survival gain in the triple-negative group. None of these post-surgery trials included pembrolizumab, so how the pieces combine is unknown, and ASCENT-05 is testing sacituzumab govitecan with pembrolizumab in residual disease while SCARLET asks whether the anthracycline can be dropped and circulating tumour DNA is being studied to find the women who still harbour disease.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Also known as: Stage I to III triple-negative breast cancer; Operable triple-negative breast cancer; Curable TNBC
- Tags: subtype-page
- Group: breast
- Burden: Most of the roughly 200,000 triple-negative breast cancers diagnosed each year are found before they have spread; relapses cluster in the first three years, so what happens around surgery decides most outcomes.
- Subtypes: Stage I, node-negative basal-like tumours of 2 cm or less (chemotherapy without immunotherapy, or none for the smallest); Stage II to III triple-negative disease (KEYNOTE-522 population); Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2-mutant early triple-negative disease (OlympiA); Residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy (capecitabine, olaparib, trials); Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy; Immunomodulatory triple-negative disease with high tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes
- Biomarkers: Oestrogen and progesterone receptor under 1 percent and HER2 0 to 1+, or 2+ without amplification; Germline BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 (olaparib eligibility, surgical choices); Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (prognostic, de-escalation trials); Pathological complete response and residual cancer burden at surgery; PD-L1 (not required for pembrolizumab in early disease); Circulating tumour DNA after surgery (investigational)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/tnbc-early/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/#overview [4 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/#what-it-is [6 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/#finding-it [6 biomarkers]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/#treating-it [5 settings, 4 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/evidence/ [168 trials, 19 key papers, 6 milestones]
- Biology and targets (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/#science [6 targets]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/where-you-are/ [20 UK centres]
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/#living-with-it [20 questions, 6 red cards]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/coming/ [15 medicines, 165 trials, 4 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-early/data/ [251 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Stage I, tumours 2 cm or less without node involvement: Surgery with sentinel node biopsy and radiotherapy; chemotherapy for tumours over 1 cm, often omitted below that, with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes guiding de-escalation trials. ([Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery)](https://onco.cc/terms/lumpectomy/), [Sentinel lymph node biopsy](https://onco.cc/technologies/sentinel-node/), [Hypofractionated radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/hypofractionated-radiotherapy/), [Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)](https://onco.cc/terms/tils/))
- Stage II to III, before surgery: Pembrolizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel, then with doxorubicin or epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by surgery (KEYNOTE-522). ([Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Carboplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/carboplatin/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [Epirubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/epirubicin/), [Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [KEYNOTE-522](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-522/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/))
- After surgery, pathological complete response: Pembrolizumab to complete a year and radiotherapy by stage; omission of adjuvant pembrolizumab is under test (OptimICE-pCR). ([Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Pathologic complete response (pCR)](https://onco.cc/terms/pcr/), [OptimICE-pCR (A012103)](https://onco.cc/trials/optimice-pcr/))
- After surgery, residual disease: Pembrolizumab to complete a year; olaparib for one year in germline BRCA carriers (OlympiA); capecitabine for six to eight cycles otherwise (CREATE-X); sacituzumab govitecan with pembrolizumab under study (ASCENT-05). ([Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Olaparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/olaparib/), [OlympiA](https://onco.cc/trials/olympia/), [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/), [Residual cancer burden (RCB)](https://onco.cc/terms/rcb/), [ASCENT-05 / OptimICE-RD (AFT-65, GBG 119, NSABP B-63)](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent-05/), [Germline (hereditary) testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/germline-testing/))
- Local therapy: Breast conservation with whole-breast radiotherapy or mastectomy, sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant therapy, and post-mastectomy radiotherapy for node-positive disease. ([Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery)](https://onco.cc/terms/lumpectomy/), [Mastectomy](https://onco.cc/terms/mastectomy/), [Sentinel lymph node biopsy](https://onco.cc/technologies/sentinel-node/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/))

## State of the art

- Chemo-immunotherapy before and after surgery improves survival, the first curative gain in triple-negative disease in a generation.
- Adjuvant olaparib for BRCA carriers makes germline testing part of every treatment plan.
- Response-adapted treatment after surgery, with capecitabine or olaparib for residual disease.
- De-escalation for small, lymphocyte-rich tumours is moving from cohorts into trials.

## Open problems

- No trial has tested capecitabine or olaparib on top of adjuvant pembrolizumab for residual disease.
- About a third of patients do not reach a complete response and most relapses come from them.
- Immune-related endocrine side effects are permanent in a few percent of women who would have been cured anyway.
- Black women have twice the incidence and worse outcomes, and trial enrolment does not reflect this.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer
- KEYNOTE-522 (NEJM 2020): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910549
- KEYNOTE-522 overall survival (NEJM 2024): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2409932
- OlympiA (NEJM 2021): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2105215
- CREATE-X (NEJM 2017): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1612645

## Connected records

- cancers: [Basal-like 1 triple-negative breast cancer (BL1)](https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-basal-like-1/), [BRCA-associated triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/brca-associated-tnbc/), [Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc-metastatic/), [Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/cancers/tnbc/)
- trials: [A Clinical Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT, MK-2870) in People With Breast Cancer (MK-2870-032)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06966700/), [A Dose Finding Phase 1 of Sarilumab Plus Capecitabine in HER2/Neu-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer and a Single-arm, Historically-controlled Phase 2 Study of S](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04333706/), [A Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label, Phase III Study Comparing PD-1 Inhibitor Combined With Antivascular Therapy and Anthracycline/Taxane-based Adjuvant Chem](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05862064/), [A Multicenter, Open-label Phase IIa Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of B1962 Injection in the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06724263/), [A Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Preliminary Efficacy of IMM2510 in Combination with Chemotherapy As First-line Tr](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06746870/), [A Phase II Study of Biomarker-Guided De-escalation Using Anthracycline-Free Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy in Early-Stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) P](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07743190/), [A Phase III Randomised Study to Evaluate Dato-DXd and Durvalumab for Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Treatment of Triple-Negative or Hormone Receptor-low/HER2-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06112379/), [A Prospective, Phase II Trial Using ctDNA to Initiate Post-operation Boost Therapy After NAC in TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04501523/), [A Prospective, Single-center, Phase II Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Ca](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07054242/), [A Randomized Controlled Trial of Neoadjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel Versus Weekly Paclitaxel Plus Weekly Carboplatin In Women With Large Operable or Locally Advanced](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03168880/), [A Randomized Study of JS004 and Toripalimab Combined With Chemotherapy vs Toripalimab Combined With Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone as Neoadjuvant Therapy fo](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07101614/), [A Study of BL-B01D1 Plus an Anti-PD-1 Antibody Versus Nab-paclitaxel Plus an Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Patients With Previously Untreated, Locally Advanced, Inopera](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07729956/), [A Study of Camrelizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Combination With or Without Famitinib as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Participants With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (BC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05999149/), [A Study of Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil (CMF) for People With Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07768436/), [A Study of IOV-5001 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07743723/), [A Study of Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) Plus Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06134375/), [A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Camrelizumab Plus Radiotherapy for Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04481763/), [A Study of Trastuzumab Rezetecan in Combination With Adebrelimab Versus Investigator's Choice of Therapy in Subjects With Residual Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07679360/), [A Study to Explore Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-tumor Activity of Novel Therapeutics in Patients With Early Relapsed Metastatic Triple-negat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06508216/), [A Vaccine (STEMVAC) for Improving Survival in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Moderate or Extensive Residual Cancer Burden](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07721259/), [A-BRAVE](https://onco.cc/trials/a-brave/), [Adding Adjuvant Cisplatin and Gemicitabine Versus Capecitabine in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patients in Non pCR After Neoadjuvant Standard Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06268327/), [Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients With Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04437160/), [Adjuvant Intensification for LAR](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07407517/), [Adjuvant Treatment of EC Followed by Taxane +/- Carboplatin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02455141/), [ALEXANDRA / IMpassion030](https://onco.cc/trials/impassion030/), [All Trans Retinoic Acid Combined with Toripalimab+Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Inoperable or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer：a Multi-center, Multi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06636981/), [Arsenous Acid for Refractory Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06678048/), [ASCENT-05 / OptimICE-RD (AFT-65, GBG 119, NSABP B-63)](https://onco.cc/trials/ascent-05/), [Atezolizumab + Sacituzumab Govitecan to Prevent Recurrence in TNBC (ASPRIA)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04434040/), [BARBICAN](https://onco.cc/trials/barbican/), [Bicalutamide and Abemaciclib in Inoperable or Metastatic Androgen Receptor-positive Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06365788/), [Blood and imagE-guided Optimization of Neoadjuvant Therapy in People With Early Stage Triple-negative Breast cancER - the BETTER Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07610525/), [BrAin Metastasis in tripLe Negateive Breast Cancer: IvoneScimab and Trop2 ADC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06793332/), [BRE12-158 (Hoosier Oncology Group)](https://onco.cc/trials/bre12-158/), [BrighTNess](https://onco.cc/trials/brightness/), [c-TRAK TN](https://onco.cc/trials/c-trak-tn/), [CALGB 40603 (Alliance)](https://onco.cc/trials/calgb-40603/), [Camrelizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Early or Locally Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07107217/), [Capecitabine in Low Risk Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06787339/), [Capecitabine Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer After Chemo-immunotherapy and Surgery](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05973864/), [Carboplatin Intensified Chemotherapy for TRIple NEgative Breast Cancer(CITRINE)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04296175/), [Circulating Tumor DNA Guided Boost Therapy in Early Triple Negative Breast Patients With Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06992336/), [Clinical Study of Camrelizumab Combined With TCb Versus TCb in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05475678/), [Combination Immunotherapy Treatment for Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic, PD-L1 Negative (CPS<10), gBRCA Negative, Triple Negative Breast Cancer Incl](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07762703/), [Comparing UTD2 Combined With Capecitabine to Capecitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Non-pCR TNBC Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07021261/), [CREATE-X](https://onco.cc/trials/create-x/), [Cyclin dEpendent Kinase in tRiple nEGatIVe brEast canceR - a "Window of Opportunity" Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05067530/), [Doxorubicin Hydrochloride and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Paclitaxel With or Without Carboplatin in Treating Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02488967/), [ECOG-ACRIN EA1131](https://onco.cc/trials/ea1131/), [Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Niraparib to Placebo in Participants With Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 Negative (HER2-) Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene Mutation (BRCAmut) or Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) With Molecular Disease](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04915755/), [Efficacy and Safety of Extended-Dose Interval Immunotherapy Versus Standard-Dose Interval Immunotherapy for Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07401537/), [Efficacy of Interleukin-2 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05821686/), [Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Anti-tumor Activity of MB0151 in Adult Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors Expressing Somatostatin Receptor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06840821/), [First-Line Sacituzumab Govitecan in Advanced Untreated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07299409/), [FMD and Neoadjuvant Chemo-immunotherapy in TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07378306/), [FMT in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Guided by ctDNA](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07292142/), [GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01](https://onco.cc/trials/geicam-ciboma/), [Gene-edited T Regulatory Cells (CRG-150) for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07730125/), [Genomically Guided Radiation Therapy in the Management of Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05528133/), [GeparDouze / NSABP B-59](https://onco.cc/trials/gepardouze/), [GeparSixto](https://onco.cc/trials/geparsixto/), [Grouping Immune-modulation With Cryoablation (LOGIC) for Breast Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05806385/), [Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Before or After Breast Surgery for Treatment of Patients With Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06635980/), [Immune-checkpoint Blockade After Partial Breast Irradiation by Pembrolizumab in Early TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07011823/), [Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Rate of Pathologic Complete Response in Vitamin D Deficient Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04677816/), [IMpassion031](https://onco.cc/trials/impassion031/), [Induction Therapy of PTX+BV Followed by Atezolizumab+Nab-PTX for PD-L1+ TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06793553/), [Intratumoral INT230-6 Followed by Neoadjuvant Immuno-chemotherapy in Patients With Early TNBC. INVINCIBLE-4-SAKK](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06358573/), [JK-1201I in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06586866/), [JS207 Combination Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07045311/), [KEYNOTE-522](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-522/), [LifEStyle Intervention to Enhance Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients With Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06831955/), [LM-108 in Combination With PD-1 Based Treatment for Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Triple - Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06387628/), [MicroRNA Profiles in Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04771871/), [Multicenter, Phase II Clinical Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT) in Combination With KL-A167 for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07371208/), [Nab-P+Cb+PD1 Inhibitors as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Early TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06817525/), [Nab-paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Versus Nab-paclitaxel Plus Epirubicin in the Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04138719/), [Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01057069/), [NeoAdj. Therapy Comparing Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) vs. SG+Pembrolizumab in Low-risk, Triple-neg. EBC (ADAPT-TN-III)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06081244/), [Neoadjuvant Angiogenesis-Targeting Bispecific Chemoimmunotherapy for TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07743632/), [Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Sintilimab and Bevacizumab for TNBC (NEOTORCH-BREAST07)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07351487/), [Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Toripalimab for TNBC (NEOTORCH-BREAST02)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06682195/), [Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without GnRH Agonist for Premenopausal Triple-negative Early Breast Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06225284/), [Neoadjuvant Darolutamide Alone or in Combination With Standard Therapy for Stage II-IIIA, AR+, TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07016399/), [Neoadjuvant INBRX-106 in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Stage II/III TNBC Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06353997/), [Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06407310/), [Neoadjuvant Serplulimab Plus Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in TNBC (Neo-SERPENT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07283692/), [Neoadjuvant Study of HIFU With or Without PD-1 Inhibitors Followed by Abraxane Plus Carboplatin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07394387/), [NeoAdjuvant Therapy Comparing Sacituzumab Govitecan+Pembrolizumab vs. SoC Chemotherapy in Clinical Stage II-III, Triple-negative Early Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07178730/), [Neoadjuvant Therapy for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Response-Guided Approach Using Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab Injection in Combination With Chemoth](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07372079/), [Neoadjuvant Therapy With Ivonescimab Combined With Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06977542/), [Neoadjuvant Toripalimab Plus SBRT for Chemo-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07457359/), [Neoadjuvant Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Stereotactic Radiotherapy, PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody, and Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06691594/), [Neoadjuvant, SBRT With Intratumoural Pembrolizumab Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07188246/), [NeoCARD: Anthracycline-Free Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06845319/), [NeoPACT](https://onco.cc/trials/neopact/), [NeoTRIP (NeoTRIPaPDL1)](https://onco.cc/trials/neotrip/), [Non-Inferiority Study on MRNA-lncRNA Model in Low-Risk Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06795503/), [NordicTrip, a Translational Study of Preoperative Chemotherapy in TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04335669/), [Novel Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Strategy for Germline BRCA 1/2 Mutated Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05485766/), [OlympiA](https://onco.cc/trials/olympia/), [Open-label, Single Center, Single-arm, Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Stage 1 cT1b-T](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06318897/), [OptimICE-pCR (A012103)](https://onco.cc/trials/optimice-pcr/), [Paclitaxel Oral Solution in Triple Neagtive Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Dose-Finding Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07739485/), [Paclitaxel Polymeric Micelles and Carboplatin in Combination With Iparomilimab and Tuvonralimab Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple-negative Breast Cancer（UPGRADE-TN](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06910072/), [PARPi or Capecitabine Combined With PD-1 Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapy in High-risk TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06533384/), [PARTNER](https://onco.cc/trials/partner/), [Pembrolizumab Adjuvant in Patients With Early-stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07486687/), [Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Treatment or no Treatment Guided by the Level of TILs in Resected Early-stage TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06078384/), [Peritumoral and Periganglionic Infiltration of Levobupivacaine Prior to Conservative Surgery for Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07458204/), [Personalised Neoantigen-targeting Cancer Vaccine NECVAX-NEO1 in Neoadjuvant Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06631092/), [Personalized Neoantigen Peptide-Based Vaccine in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05269381/), [Personalizing the Use of Pembrolizumab for Patients Who Have a Strong Response in Early Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06606730/), [PET Dynamics to Response-Adapted Neoadjuvant Therapy in TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06245889/), [Phase 3 Trial of SRG-514 Administered Intraoperatively to Patients Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07723469/), [Phase II Study of Dato-DXd in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patients With Newly Diagnosed or Progressing Brain Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05866432/), [Phase II Trial of Ivonescimab in Combination With Carboplatin + Docetaxel in Patients With Early-Stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07017673/), [Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab/Chemotherapy With Live Biotherapeutic Product MO-03 in Patients With Early Stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07552181/), [PHOENIX DDR/Anti-PD-L1](https://onco.cc/trials/phoenix/), [Posaconazole Plus PD-1 Inhibitors and Chemotherapy vs PD-1 Inhibitors and Chemotherapy in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06802757/), [PREDICT-RD: ctDNA Surveillance in TNBC With Residual Disease](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07069595/), [Preoperative Chemotherapy, Pembrolizumab and Low or High Dose RADiation in an Expansion Cohort of Node(+), Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07276880/), [Prospective Multicenter Single-arm Trial: AK112 + Nab-paclitaxel/Carboplatin Neoadjuvant for TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07103447/), [QL1706 Plus Chemotherapy +/- Bevacizumab in 1L Treatment of R/mTNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06786026/), [QL1706 Plus Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Early High-Risk TNBC Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06404736/), [QL1706 Plus Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07342283/), [Re-challenge Immunotherapy With Cromolyn, TQB2102, and Panpulimab in Immune-Refractory Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07419880/), [Reinvigorating TNBC Response to Immunotherapy With Combination Myeloid Inhibition and Radiation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05491226/), [Restoring Sensitivity To Immunotherapy In Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer Exploiting Ceralasertib Priming Followed By Combined Durvalumab/Nab-Paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05582538/), [Sac-TMT Combined With Bevacizumab in TNBC With Brain Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07623577/), [Sac-TMT Combined With Toripalimab for First-line Treatment of PD-L1 Positive a/mTNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07244874/), [Sac-TMT Sequential Capecitabine Versus Capecitabine in Early-Stage High-Risk Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Without BRCA Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07628504/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan and Q901 in Advanced TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07788222/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan in Primary HER2-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04595565/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan In TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04230109/), [Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) Plus Pembrolizumab Versus TPC in TNBC Who Did Not Achieve pCR (MK-2870-012)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06393374/), [Sacituzumab Tirumotecan in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Early-Stage TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07007780/), [Safety and Efficacy Analysis of an Antibody Associated With a Chemotherapy for Patients With a Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05552001/), [SBRT Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor and Chemotherapy in Early-stage TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06627712/), [SBRT, Chemotherapy, and AK104 Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06401005/), [SCAN-B (Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast)](https://onco.cc/trials/scan-b/), [SCARLET (SWOG S2212)](https://onco.cc/trials/scarlet-s2212/), [Serial Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Monitoring During Adjuvant Capecitabine in Early Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04768426/), [SHR-A2102 Combined With Adebrelimab as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06819319/), [Stereotactic Radiotherapy Combined With Adebrelimab and TCb (Nab-paclitaxel + Carboplatin) in Neoadjuvant Treatment of TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06165900/), [Study of Adagloxad Simolenin (OBI-822)/OBI-821 in the Adjuvant Treatment of Patients With Globo H Positive TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03562637/), [Study of Antivascular Therapy Combined With Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Adjuvant Therapy of TNBC-BLIS Patients (BCTOP-T-A03)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05909332/), [Study of Camrelizumab Plus Apatinib and Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Participants With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05447702/), [Study Of Capecitabine Combined With Camrelizumab For Non-pCR TNBC With TLS After Neoadjuvant Chemoterapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06313463/), [Study of Radiotherapy Combined With Cisplatin/Carboplatin, Adebrelimab and Bevacizumab in the Treatment of TNBC-BM.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07638852/), [SWOG S1418 / NRG BR006](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s1418/), [SYSUCC-001](https://onco.cc/trials/sysucc-001/), [TA(E)C-GP Versus A(E)C-T for the High Risk TNBC Patients and Validation of the mRNA-lncRNA Signature](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02641847/), [Tailored Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for Stage I TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07786428/), [Tamoxifen and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic or Inoperable, Locally Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06434064/), [Testing Two Different Drugs (Sacituzumab-govitecan and Trastuzumab-deruxtecan) Combinations Prescribed in an Alterning Pattern to Patients With Metastatic or Lo](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07151586/), [The Optimal Radioimmunotherapy Combinations for Advanced TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06735131/), [The Study of Trilaciclib Combined With Chemotherapy On The Neoadjuvant Therapy of TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05862610/), [TIL-Driven De-escalated Chemotherapy in Stage I-II TNBC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07074106/), [to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of HLX10 in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Placebo in Combination With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy and HLX10 Versu](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04301739/), [Toripalimab Combined With Anthracycline-free or Anthracycline-containing Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07256964/), [Treatment of Triple-negative Breast Cancer With Albumin-bound Paclitaxel as Neoadjuvant Therapy: a Prospective RCT](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04137653/), [TREND-02 - a Phase II Exploratory De-escalation Trial of Neoadjuvant Sacituzumab Govitecan Plus Tislelizumab (SG/I) in Early Triple-negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07271992/), [Trial for Treatment of High Risk BC With Two Sequences of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06371807/), [Trial Studying Chemotherapy in Nigerian Women With Triple Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06291064/), [Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Celecoxib. Pilot Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07104266/), [Utidelone (UTD1) Plus Capecitabine in Non-pCR TNBC After Neoadjuvant Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06385990/)
- bottlenecks: [Trials do not represent the people who get cancer](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-trial-diversity/)
- key papers: [Adjuvant Capecitabine for Breast Cancer after Preoperative Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-create-x-adjuvant-capecitabine-nejm-2017/), [Association of Circulating Tumor DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Disease Recurrence in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Preplanned Secondary Analysis of the BRE12-158 Randomized Clinical Trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-radovich-ctdna-ctc-bre12-158-jama-oncol-2020/), [Circulating tumor DNA in neoadjuvant-treated breast cancer reflects response and survival](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-magbanua-ispy2-ctdna-neoadjuvant-ann-oncol-2021/), [Clinical and molecular characteristics of HER2-low-positive breast cancer: pooled analysis of individual patient data from four prospective, neoadjuvant clinical trials](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-denkert-her2-low-pooled-neoadjuvant-lancet-oncol-2021/), [Comparison of SP142 and 22C3 PD-L1 assays in a population-based cohort of triple-negative breast cancer patients in the context of their clinically established scoring algorithms](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sigurjonsdottir-sp142-22c3-tnbc-bcr-2023/), [ctDNA and residual cancer burden are prognostic in triple-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-stecklein-ctdna-rcb-tnbc-residual-disease-npj-2023/), [Exploring the spectrum of HER2 in non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer: from HER2-null to HER2-low, including HER2-ultralow status](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-boissiere-michot-her2-ultralow-tnbc-virchows-arch-2026/), [Germline mutation status, pathological complete response, and disease-free survival in triple-negative breast cancer: secondary analysis of the GeparSixto randomized clinical trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hahnen-geparsixto-germline-brca-jama-oncol-2017/), [Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score predicts response to platinum-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-telli-hrd-score-platinum-tnbc-ccr-2016/), [OlympiA: a year of olaparib after surgery for BRCA-mutated, high-risk early breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-olympia-nejm-2021/), [Prognostic and predictive value of circulating tumor DNA during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cavallone-tnbc-ctdna-neoadjuvant-sci-rep-2020/), [Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-park-tils-untreated-early-tnbc-ann-oncol-2019/), [Refinement of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: Implications for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Selection](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lehmann-tnbctype-4-refinement-plos-one-2016/), [Results of the c-TRAK TN trial: a clinical trial utilising ctDNA mutation tracking to detect molecular residual disease and trigger intervention in patients with moderate- and high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-turner-c-trak-tn-ctdna-pembrolizumab-ann-oncol-2023/), [Survival analysis of carboplatin added to an anthracycline/taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and HRD score as predictor of response-final results from GeparSixto](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-loibl-geparsixto-survival-hrd-ann-oncol-2018/), [Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis: a pooled individual patient analysis of early-stage triple-negative breast cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-loi-tils-pooled-early-tnbc-jco-2019/), [Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-leon-ferre-tils-tnbc-no-chemotherapy-jama-2024/), [Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 3771 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-denkert-tils-neoadjuvant-pooled-lancet-oncol-2018/), [Whole-genome sequencing of triple-negative breast cancers in a population-based clinical study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-staaf-tnbc-whole-genome-scan-b-nat-med-2019/)
- drugs: [Atezolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/atezolizumab/), [Avelumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/avelumab/), [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/), [Carboplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/carboplatin/), [Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [Docetaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/docetaxel/), [Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Epirubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/epirubicin/), [Ipatasertib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ipatasertib/), [Olaparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/olaparib/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Sacituzumab govitecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/sacituzumab-govitecan/), [Veliparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/veliparib/)
- technologies: [Germline (hereditary) testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/germline-testing/), [Hypofractionated radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/hypofractionated-radiotherapy/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [MRD / molecular residual disease testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/mrd-testing/), [Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines](https://onco.cc/technologies/neoantigen-mrna-vaccine/), [Sentinel lymph node biopsy](https://onco.cc/technologies/sentinel-node/)
- terms: [ER and PR negative under 1 percent (the triple-negative threshold, and ER-low)](https://onco.cc/terms/er-pr-negative-threshold/), [Germline BRCA testing criteria for triple-negative breast cancer (UK)](https://onco.cc/terms/germline-brca-testing-criteria-tnbc/), [Health disparities in cancer outcomes (ethnicity, deprivation and access)](https://onco.cc/terms/health-disparities/), [Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in breast cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/hrd-in-breast-cancer/), [Invasive disease-free survival (iDFS)](https://onco.cc/terms/idfs/), [Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery)](https://onco.cc/terms/lumpectomy/), [Mastectomy](https://onco.cc/terms/mastectomy/), [Pathologic complete response (pCR)](https://onco.cc/terms/pcr/), [PD-L1 combined positive score 10 in triple-negative breast cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/pd-l1-cps-10-tnbc/), [Residual cancer burden (RCB)](https://onco.cc/terms/rcb/), [Residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy in triple-negative breast cancer: the decision point](https://onco.cc/terms/tnbc-residual-disease-decision/), [Triple-negative breast cancer trials open today (registry snapshot and UK sites)](https://onco.cc/terms/tnbc-trials-open-today/), [Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)](https://onco.cc/terms/tils/)
- people: [Jean Abraham](https://onco.cc/people/jean-abraham/)
- biomarkers: [ctDNA MRD positivity (molecular residual disease after curative treatment)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/ctdna-mrd-positive/), [Germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant (gBRCAm)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/brca-germline/), [HRD-positive (genomic instability score)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/hrd-positive/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/tnbc-early.json