# TGFB1

Source: https://onco.cc/targets/tgfb1/  
OnCo record `tgfb1` (Target). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

TGFB1 (Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein) is a gene. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, and an approved or late-stage drug is recorded against it. Tied to Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms.

## Summary

Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1.

Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.62 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes clinical 0.58, affected pathway 0.83, literature 1.00, genetic association 0.16, animal model 0.57).

## Fields

- Kind: Target
- Last checked: 2026-09-23
- Also known as: transforming growth factor beta 1; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; TGFbeta; DPD1
- Tags: cancer-genes-wave
- Symbol: TGFB1
- Class: other
- Biology: Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1. Interaction with LRRC33/NRROS regulates activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia. Interaction with LRRC32/GARP controls activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Interaction with integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8) results in distortion of the Latency-associated peptide chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1. Location: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix; Secreted (UniProt). Locus 19q13.2 (HGNC).
- Where found: Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms: Open Targets association 0.58 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MONDO_0018881)

## Notes

- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.92. Evidence tier "approved-drug" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.
- Colorectal cancer: TGF-beta in the stroma, not in the cancer cell, is the central problem of the microsatellite-stable majority. The poor-prognosis mesenchymal subtype's signature genes are expressed by fibroblasts rather than epithelium (Isella 2015); fibroblasts raise the frequency of tumour-initiating cells under TGF-beta and every poor-prognosis subtype shares a TGF-beta-induced stromal programme (Calon 2015); and in mice carrying all four main colorectal mutations, TGF-beta blockade unleashed a cytotoxic T-cell response that prevented metastasis and made liver metastases susceptible to checkpoint blockade (Tauriello 2018).

## Sources

- HGNC HGNC:11766: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:11766
- UniProt P01137: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01137/entry
- NCBI Gene 7040: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7040
- Ensembl ENSG00000105329: https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000105329

## Connected records

- collections: [Open Targets Platform](https://onco.cc/collections/open-targets/)
- cancers: [Colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal/), [Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms (MDS)](https://onco.cc/cancers/mds/)
- pathways: [Cold tumours: immune deserts and exclusion](https://onco.cc/pathways/immune-desert-exclusion/), [TGF-β signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/tgf-beta/)
- key papers: [Stromal gene expression defines poor-prognosis subtypes in colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-calon-stromal-gene-expression-poor-prognosis-colorectal-nat-genet-2015/), [TGF-beta drives immune evasion in genetically reconstituted colon cancer metastasis](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tauriello-tgfbeta-immune-evasion-colorectal-nature-2018/), [The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cms-guinney-nat-med-2015/)
- targets: [Interleukin-10 (IL10)](https://onco.cc/targets/il10/)
- terms: [Checkpoint (two meanings)](https://onco.cc/terms/checkpoint/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/tgfb1.json