# Targeted Therapy

Source: https://onco.cc/fronts/targeted-therapy/  
OnCo record `targeted-therapy` (Front). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Targeted therapies are drugs designed to switch off a specific broken protein that a cancer depends on.

## Summary

Small-molecule kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, hormone-pathway agents, PARP inhibitors, degraders (PROTACs, molecular glues), and synthetic-lethality approaches. Matched to a molecular alteration by a companion diagnostic. Resistance is the central problem; next-generation and combination strategies are the response.

## Fields

- Kind: Front
- Last checked: 2026-09-04

## Sources

- NCI: Targeted therapy to treat cancer: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies

## Connected records

- journals: [Current cancer drug targets](https://onco.cc/journals/current-cancer-drug-targets/), [Targeted oncology](https://onco.cc/journals/targeted-oncology/)
- institutions: [Centre Léon Bérard](https://onco.cc/institutions/centre-leon-berard/), [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO)](https://onco.cc/institutions/cnio/), [Ghent University Hospital / Cancer Research Institute Ghent](https://onco.cc/institutions/uz-gent/), [Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/guangdong-provincial-peoples-hospital/), [Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust / King's Health Partners Cancer Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/guys-st-thomas/), [Hospital Clínic de Barcelona / IDIBAPS](https://onco.cc/institutions/hospital-clinic-barcelona/), [Hospital del Mar / Hospital del Mar Research Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/hospital-del-mar/), [INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia](https://onco.cc/institutions/incliva-valencia/), [Institut Bergonié](https://onco.cc/institutions/institut-bergonie/), [Institut Jules Bordet](https://onco.cc/institutions/institut-jules-bordet/), [Instituto Alexander Fleming](https://onco.cc/institutions/instituto-alexander-fleming/), [International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/iaslc/), [Israel Society of Clinical Oncology and Radiation Therapy](https://onco.cc/institutions/iscort/), [Istituto di Candiolo IRCCS (FPO)](https://onco.cc/institutions/candiolo/), [Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS](https://onco.cc/institutions/iov-veneto/), [Japanese Society of Medical Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/jsmo/), [National Cancer Center Hospital East](https://onco.cc/institutions/ncc-hospital-east/), [National Taiwan University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/ntuh/), [Newcastle Cancer Centre / Northern Centre for Cancer Care](https://onco.cc/institutions/newcastle-cancer-centre/), [OHSU Knight Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/ohsu-knight/), [Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/oslo-radium-hospital/), [Rambam Health Care Campus](https://onco.cc/institutions/rambam/), [Salk Institute Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/salk-institute/), [Shanghai Chest Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/shanghai-chest-hospital/), [Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/shanghai-pulmonary-hospital/), [Sheba Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/sheba/), [Society of Gynecologic Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/sgo/), [Technion, Israel Institute of Technology](https://onco.cc/institutions/technion/), [Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/tel-aviv-sourasky/), [University of Colorado Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/colorado-cancer-center/), [UZ Leuven / Leuven Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/uz-leuven/), [Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research](https://onco.cc/institutions/wehi/), [Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow](https://onco.cc/institutions/wolfson-wohl-cancer-research-centre/)
- trials: [ARCHED](https://onco.cc/trials/arched/), [ENRICH](https://onco.cc/trials/enrich/), [Precision-Panc](https://onco.cc/trials/precision-panc/), [ROSEWOOD](https://onco.cc/trials/rosewood/), [SHINE](https://onco.cc/trials/shine/)
- companies: [AB Science](https://onco.cc/companies/ab-science/), [AbbVie (incl. ImmunoGen, Capstan)](https://onco.cc/companies/abbvie/), [Acrivon Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/acrivon-therapeutics/), [Alixia](https://onco.cc/companies/alixia/), [Altay Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/altay-therapeutics/), [Ambagon Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/ambagon-therapeutics/), [Amgen](https://onco.cc/companies/amgen/), [Amgen Ventures](https://onco.cc/companies/amgen-ventures/), [Amphista Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/amphista-therapeutics/), [Antengene](https://onco.cc/companies/antengene/), [Apollomics](https://onco.cc/companies/apollomics/), [Aprea Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/aprea-therapeutics/), [Aptose Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/aptose/), [Arpeggio Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/arpeggio-bio/), [ArriVent BioPharma](https://onco.cc/companies/arrivent/), [Arvinas](https://onco.cc/companies/arvinas/), [Ascentage Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/ascentage-pharma/), [Astellas](https://onco.cc/companies/astellas/), [AstraZeneca](https://onco.cc/companies/astrazeneca/), [Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group](https://onco.cc/companies/abcsg/), [Avenzo Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/avenzo/), [AVEO Oncology (LG Chem)](https://onco.cc/companies/aveo/), [Basilea Pharmaceutica](https://onco.cc/companies/basilea/), [Bayer](https://onco.cc/companies/bayer/), [BeBetter Med](https://onco.cc/companies/bebetter-med/), [BeOne Medicines (formerly BeiGene)](https://onco.cc/companies/beone/), [Betta Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/betta/), [Biocon](https://onco.cc/companies/biocon/), [Biocon Biologics](https://onco.cc/companies/biocon-biologics/), [BioLineRx](https://onco.cc/companies/biolinerx/), [Black Diamond Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/black-diamond-therapeutics/), [Blueprint Medicines](https://onco.cc/companies/blueprint-medicines/), [Boehringer Ingelheim](https://onco.cc/companies/boehringer-ingelheim/), [Boundless Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/boundless-bio/), [BridgeBio Oncology Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/bridgebio-oncology-therapeutics/), [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://onco.cc/companies/bms/), [Bulsara Bioworks](https://onco.cc/companies/bulsara-bioworks/), [C4 Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/c4-therapeutics/), [Captor Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/captor-therapeutics/), [Celcuity](https://onco.cc/companies/celcuity/), [Chugai Pharmaceutical](https://onco.cc/companies/chugai/), [Circle Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/circle-pharma/), [Clovis Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/clovis-oncology/), [Cogent Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/cogent-biosciences/), [Corcept Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/corcept/), [CSPC Pharmaceutical Group](https://onco.cc/companies/cspc/), [CStone Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/cstone/), [Cullgen](https://onco.cc/companies/cullgen/), [Debiopharm](https://onco.cc/companies/debiopharm/), [Deciphera Pharmaceuticals (Ono)](https://onco.cc/companies/deciphera/), [Dizal Pharmaceutical](https://onco.cc/companies/dizal/), [Dr. Reddy's Laboratories](https://onco.cc/companies/dr-reddys/), [Eisai](https://onco.cc/companies/eisai/), [Elevar Therapeutics (HLB)](https://onco.cc/companies/elevar-therapeutics/), [Eli Lilly (incl. Loxo)](https://onco.cc/companies/eli-lilly/), [Enliven Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/enliven-therapeutics/), [Erasca](https://onco.cc/companies/erasca/), [Exelixis](https://onco.cc/companies/exelixis/), [FidoCure](https://onco.cc/companies/fidocure/), [FinalDose](https://onco.cc/companies/finaldose/), [Firefly Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/firefly-bio/), [Foghorn Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/foghorn-therapeutics/), [Frontier Medicines](https://onco.cc/companies/frontier-medicines/), [GenFleet Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/genfleet/), [Geron Corporation](https://onco.cc/companies/geron/), [GSK](https://onco.cc/companies/gsk/), [Halda Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/halda-therapeutics/), [Hansoh Pharmaceutical](https://onco.cc/companies/hansoh-pharma/), [Harmonic Discovery](https://onco.cc/companies/harmonic-discovery/), [Hetero Drugs](https://onco.cc/companies/hetero/), [Hutchmed](https://onco.cc/companies/hutchmed/), [IDEAYA Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/ideaya-biosciences/), [Immunome](https://onco.cc/companies/immunome/), [Incyte](https://onco.cc/companies/incyte/), [Inhibrx Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/inhibrx/), [InnoCare Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/innocare/), [InventisBio](https://onco.cc/companies/inventisbio/), [InxMed](https://onco.cc/companies/inxmed/), [Jazz Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/jazz/), [Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/hengrui/), [Johnson & Johnson](https://onco.cc/companies/johnson-johnson/), [K36 Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/k36-therapeutics/), [Karyopharm Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/karyopharm/), [Kumquat Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/kumquat-biosciences/), [Kymera Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/kymera/), [MacroGenics](https://onco.cc/companies/macrogenics/), [MEI Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/mei-pharma/), [Merck KGaA (EMD Serono)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck-kgaa/), [Merus](https://onco.cc/companies/merus/), [Monte Rosa Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/monte-rosa/), [Natco Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/natco/), [Neomorph](https://onco.cc/companies/neomorph/), [Nested Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/nested-therapeutics/), [Nimbus Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/nimbus-therapeutics/), [Novartis](https://onco.cc/companies/novartis/), [Nurix Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/nurix/), [Nuvalent](https://onco.cc/companies/nuvalent/), [Oncobox](https://onco.cc/companies/oncobox/), [ORIC Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/oric-pharmaceuticals/), [Orum Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/orum-therapeutics/), [Pfizer (incl. Seagen)](https://onco.cc/companies/pfizer/), [pharma&](https://onco.cc/companies/pharmaand/), [Photys Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/photys-therapeutics/), [Plexium](https://onco.cc/companies/plexium/), [Polaris Group](https://onco.cc/companies/polaris-group/), [Prelude Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/prelude-therapeutics/), [Protagonist Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/protagonist-therapeutics/), [Proxygen](https://onco.cc/companies/proxygen/), [Puma Biotechnology](https://onco.cc/companies/puma-biotechnology/), [Quanta Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/quanta-therapeutics/), [Relay Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/relay-therapeutics/), [Repare Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/repare-therapeutics/), [ResistanceBio (Viosera Therapeutics)](https://onco.cc/companies/resistancebio/), [Revolution Medicines](https://onco.cc/companies/revolution-medicines/), [Rigel Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/rigel-pharmaceuticals/), [Roche / Genentech](https://onco.cc/companies/roche-genentech/), [Sanofi](https://onco.cc/companies/sanofi/), [Scorpion Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/scorpion-therapeutics/), [SecuraBio](https://onco.cc/companies/securabio/), [Shanghai Allist Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/allist/), [Shasqi](https://onco.cc/companies/shasqi/), [Simcere Pharmaceutical](https://onco.cc/companies/simcere/), [Sino Biopharmaceutical (Chia Tai Tianqing)](https://onco.cc/companies/sino-biopharm/), [Soligenix](https://onco.cc/companies/soligenix/), [SOLTI Cancer Research Group](https://onco.cc/companies/solti/), [Spectrum Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/spectrum-pharmaceuticals/), [SpringWorks Therapeutics (Merck KGaA)](https://onco.cc/companies/springworks/), [Stablix](https://onco.cc/companies/stablix/), [Sun Pharmaceutical Industries](https://onco.cc/companies/sun-pharma/), [Sunshine Lake Pharma (HEC)](https://onco.cc/companies/sunshine-lake-pharma/), [Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/zelgen/), [SynsoryBio](https://onco.cc/companies/synsorybio/), [Taiho Pharmaceutical (Otsuka)](https://onco.cc/companies/taiho/), [Tango Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/tango-therapeutics/), [TG Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/tg-therapeutics/), [Third Rock Ventures](https://onco.cc/companies/third-rock-ventures/), [Tradewind BioScience](https://onco.cc/companies/tradewind-bioscience/), [TransThera Sciences](https://onco.cc/companies/transthera/), [Treeline Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/treeline-biosciences/), [Triana Biomedicines](https://onco.cc/companies/triana-biomedicines/), [Tyra Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/tyra-biosciences/), [US WorldMeds](https://onco.cc/companies/us-worldmeds/), [Velorum Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/velorum-therapeutics/), [Verastem Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/verastem/), [Xcovery](https://onco.cc/companies/xcovery/), [Xencor](https://onco.cc/companies/xencor/), [Zai Lab](https://onco.cc/companies/zai-lab/), [Zentalis Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/zentalis-pharmaceuticals/), [Zymeworks](https://onco.cc/companies/zymeworks/)
- roadmaps: [Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/), [Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/gallbladder-cancer-roadmap/), [KRAS roadmap: undruggable → G12C → pan-RAS](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/kras-roadmap/), [Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lung-cancer-evidence-roadmap/), [Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/), [Pancreatic cancer roadmap: from Whipple's operation to gemcitabine, FOLFIRINOX, adjuvant chemotherapy, PARP inhibition, KRAS inhibition, vaccines and the surveillance question](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/pancreatic-roadmap/), [Paths to cures: interception, eradication, control](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/cure-paths/), [Prostate cancer roadmap: from Huggins and the discovery that a cancer can depend on a hormone, through the PSA epidemic and what it cost, the androgen receptor drugs, the DNA repair subset and PSMA, to a 2032 registry watch](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/prostate-roadmap/), [Targeted therapy roadmap: imatinib → designed for resistance → the undruggable drivers fall](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/targeted-therapy-roadmap/), [Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/tnbc-roadmap/)
- key papers: [A probabilistic classification tool for genetic subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma with therapeutic implications](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-wright-lymphgen-genetic-subtypes-dlbcl-cancer-cell-2020/), [Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-abiraterone-acetate-prostate-n-engl-j-med-2013/), [Acalabrutinib plus bendamustine-rituximab in untreated mantle cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-echo-acalabrutinib-bendamustine-rituximab-mantle-cell-jco-2025/), [Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lynch-egfr-activating-mutations-gefitinib-nejm-2004/), [AFFIRM: increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-scher-affirm-enzalutamide-nejm-2012/), [Alectinib in resected ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-wu-alina-adjuvant-alectinib-nejm-2024/), [Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-peters-alex-alectinib-crizotinib-nejm-2017/), [Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kwak-crizotinib-alk-nsclc-nejm-2010/), [Capmatinib in MET exon 14-mutated or MET-amplified non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-wolf-geometry-mono-1-capmatinib-nejm-2020/), [Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRYSTAL)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-van-cutsem-crystal-cetuximab-folfiri-nejm-2009/), [CodeBreaK 200: sotorasib versus docetaxel in KRAS G12C-mutated lung cancer, a modest win for the first KRAS drug](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-codebreak-200-lancet-2023/), [CodeBreaK 300: sotorasib plus panitumumab in chemotherapy-refractory KRAS G12C colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-codebreak-300-nejm-2023/), [Dual-targeted therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib in treatment-refractory, KRAS codon 12/13 wild-type, HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer (HERACLES)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sartore-bianchi-heracles-trastuzumab-lapatinib-lancet-oncol-2016/), [Effect of first-line chemotherapy combined with cetuximab or bevacizumab on overall survival in KRAS wild-type advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CALGB/SWOG 80405)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-venook-calgb-80405-cetuximab-vs-bevacizumab-jama-2017/), [EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kobayashi-egfr-t790m-gefitinib-resistance-nejm-2005/), [EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-paez-egfr-mutations-gefitinib-science-2004/), [Encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab in BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer (BEACON CRC)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kopetz-beacon-encorafenib-braf-colorectal-nejm-2019/), [FDA's Project Optimus manifesto: cancer drugs are approved at doses that are too high](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-drug-dosing-conundrum-nejm-2021/), [First-line lorlatinib or crizotinib in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-shaw-crown-lorlatinib-crizotinib-nejm-2020/), [FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-heinemann-fire-3-cetuximab-vs-bevacizumab-lancet-oncol-2014/), [Fruquintinib versus placebo in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (FRESCO-2)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-dasari-fresco-2-fruquintinib-lancet-2023/), [Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mok-ipass-gefitinib-pulmonary-adenocarcinoma-nejm-2009/), [Genetics and pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-schmitz-genetics-pathogenesis-dlbcl-nejm-2018/), [Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sequist-genotypic-histological-evolution-egfr-resistance-sci-transl-med-2011/), [Ibrutinib and rituximab versus immunochemotherapy in patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (ENRICH): a randomised, open-label, phase 2/3 superiority trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-enrich-ibrutinib-rituximab-mantle-cell-lancet-2025/), [Ibrutinib plus bendamustine and rituximab in untreated mantle-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-shine-ibrutinib-bendamustine-rituximab-mantle-cell-nejm-2022/), [Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-soda-eml4-alk-fusion-nature-2007/), [In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-visakorpi-androgen-receptor-amplification-nat-genet-1995/), [Inherited DNA-repair gene mutations in men with metastatic prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-pritchard-inherited-dna-repair-metastatic-prostate-nejm-2016/), [MARIPOSA: amivantamab plus lazertinib versus osimertinib as first treatment for EGFR-mutated lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mariposa-nejm-2024/), [Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-chen-androgen-receptor-overexpression-antiandrogen-resistance-nat-med-2004/), [Osimertinib after chemoradiotherapy in stage III EGFR-mutated NSCLC](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lu-laura-osimertinib-stage-iii-nejm-2024/), [Osimertinib with or without chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-planchard-flaura2-osimertinib-chemotherapy-nejm-2023/), [Ostrem and Shokat: the hidden pocket that made KRAS G12C druggable](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ostrem-kras-g12c-nature-2013/), [Panitumumab-FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer (PRIME)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-douillard-prime-panitumumab-ras-nejm-2013/), [Phase 1 trial of abiraterone acetate confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly remains hormone driven](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-attard-abiraterone-phase-1-cyp17-jco-2008/), [PREVAIL: enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-beer-prevail-enzalutamide-nejm-2014/), [Prognostic and predictive value of primary tumour side in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and EGFR directed antibodies in six randomized trials](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-arnold-primary-tumour-side-ras-wild-type-ann-oncol-2017/), [Prospective comprehensive genomic profiling of 3,476 primary and metastatic prostate tumours](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-chung-comprehensive-genomic-profiling-prostate-jco-po-2019/), [Randomized phase III trial of ibrutinib and R-CHOP in non-germinal centre B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PHOENIX)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-phoenix-ibrutinib-r-chop-non-gcb-dlbcl-jco-2019/), [Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tomlins-tmprss2-ets-fusion-science-2005/), [Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-grothey-correct-regorafenib-lancet-2013/), [ROSEWOOD: a phase II randomized study of zanubrutinib plus obinutuzumab versus obinutuzumab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-rosewood-zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab-follicular-jco-2023/), [SOX2 promotes lineage plasticity and antiandrogen resistance in TP53- and RB1-deficient prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mu-sox2-lineage-plasticity-science-2017/), [SU2C-PCF: integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-robinson-integrative-clinical-genomics-advanced-prostate-cell-2015/), [TCGA: the molecular taxonomy of primary prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tcga-molecular-taxonomy-primary-prostate-cell-2015/), [The first PROTAC: a chimeric molecule that tags a protein for destruction](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-protac-concept-sakamoto-pnas-2001/), [TOPARP-A: DNA-repair defects and olaparib in metastatic prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mateo-toparp-a-olaparib-dna-repair-nejm-2015/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) in patients with HER2-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (DESTINY-CRC01)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-siena-destiny-crc01-trastuzumab-deruxtecan-lancet-oncol-2021/), [TRITON2: rucaparib in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harbouring a BRCA1 or BRCA2 alteration](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-abida-triton2-rucaparib-brca-jco-2020/), [TRITON3: rucaparib or physician's choice in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-fizazi-triton3-rucaparib-nejm-2023/), [Tucatinib plus trastuzumab for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2-positive, RAS wild-type unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer (MOUNTAINEER)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-strickler-mountaineer-tucatinib-trastuzumab-lancet-oncol-2023/)
- ideas: [Assign first-line treatment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by genetic subtype, not by a three-antibody stain](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-genetic-subtype-directed-first-line/), [Fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free first-line treatment for the indolent lymphomas](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-fixed-duration-chemotherapy-free-first-line/), [Make resistance a diagnosis: sequence at every progression and choose the next line from what the tumour became](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-lung-resistance-directed-sequencing-at-every-progression/), [Measure brain metastasis prevention as a primary endpoint, not as a secondary one](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-lung-brain-metastasis-prevention-as-a-primary-endpoint/), [Randomise the order of treatment, not only the drugs: a strategy platform for metastatic prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prostate-randomise-the-sequence-not-only-the-drugs/), [Test every man for DNA repair faults on the day his prostate cancer is found to have spread, not three treatments later](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prostate-hrr-testing-at-metastatic-diagnosis/), [Watch for the cancer changing cell type before the biopsy says neuroendocrine, and act on it](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prostate-plasticity-surveillance-before-it-is-neuroendocrine/)
- people: [Aaron Ciechanover](https://onco.cc/people/aaron-ciechanover/), [Alastair Greystoke](https://onco.cc/people/alastair-greystoke/), [Brian Druker](https://onco.cc/people/brian-druker/), [Gary Middleton](https://onco.cc/people/gary-middleton/), [Janet Rowley](https://onco.cc/people/janet-rowley/), [Judah Folkman](https://onco.cc/people/judah-folkman/), [Sanjay Popat](https://onco.cc/people/sanjay-popat/), [Yosef Yarden](https://onco.cc/people/yosef-yarden/)
- terms: [BRAF V600E mutation](https://onco.cc/terms/braf-v600-mutation/), [CNS penetration (brain-penetrant drugs)](https://onco.cc/terms/cns-penetration/), [Cross-resistance](https://onco.cc/terms/cross-resistance/), [Driver mutation](https://onco.cc/terms/driver-mutation/), [EGFR mutation subtypes (exon 19 deletion, L858R, exon 20 insertion, T790M)](https://onco.cc/terms/egfr-mutation-subtypes/), [Fixed-duration vs continuous therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/fixed-duration/), [Genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (gLOH)](https://onco.cc/terms/genome-wide-loss-of-heterozygosity/), [Germline BRCA mutation (gBRCA)](https://onco.cc/terms/gbrca-mutation/), [HER2 testing in the UK: reflex ISH, the ratio against the copy number, and where the UK differs from ASCO/CAP](https://onco.cc/terms/her2-testing-uk-breast/), [HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or ISH-amplified)](https://onco.cc/terms/her2-positive/), [Hyperglycaemia (PI3K/AKT inhibitor class effect)](https://onco.cc/terms/hyperglycaemia/), [Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and CELMoDs](https://onco.cc/terms/imid/), [KRAS mutation subtypes (G12C, G12D, G12V)](https://onco.cc/terms/kras-mutation-subtypes/), [Maintenance therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/maintenance-therapy/), [Molecular response (MMR, MR4, treatment-free remission)](https://onco.cc/terms/molecular-response/), [Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/neuroendocrine-differentiation/), [On-target resistance mutations (gatekeeper, solvent-front, compound)](https://onco.cc/terms/gatekeeper-mutation/), [Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+, BCR::ABL1)](https://onco.cc/terms/philadelphia-chromosome/), [Proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib)](https://onco.cc/terms/proteasome-inhibitor/), [Radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS)](https://onco.cc/terms/radiographic-progression-free-survival/), [STK11 / KEAP1 co-mutations](https://onco.cc/terms/stk11-keap1/), [Targeted therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/targeted-therapy-term/), [Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)](https://onco.cc/terms/tki-term/), [VRd and Dara-VRd (myeloma induction regimens)](https://onco.cc/terms/vrd/)
- technologies: [Anti-angiogenic therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/antiangiogenic/), [Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates](https://onco.cc/technologies/antibody-oligonucleotide-conjugates/), [ATR and CHK1 inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/atr-chk1-inhibitors/), [BCL-2 inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/bcl2-inhibitors/), [Bispecific antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/bispecific-antibody/), [Cancer neuroscience: cutting the nerve supply](https://onco.cc/technologies/nerve-tumour-denervation/), [CDK4/6 inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/cdk46-inhibitor/), [Cereblon E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs)](https://onco.cc/technologies/celmods/), [De novo designed protein binders](https://onco.cc/technologies/de-novo-protein-design/), [Degrader-antibody conjugate (DAC)](https://onco.cc/technologies/degrader-antibody-conjugate/), [DNA origami nanorobots](https://onco.cc/technologies/dna-origami-nanorobots/), [Engineered exosomes as drug carriers](https://onco.cc/technologies/exosome-therapeutics/), [Epigenetic editing (durable gene silencing)](https://onco.cc/technologies/epigenetic-editing/), [Gamma-secretase inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/gamma-secretase-inhibitors/), [Hedgehog pathway inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/hedgehog-inhibitors/), [HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/her2-tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors/), [Hypoxia-activated prodrugs](https://onco.cc/technologies/hypoxia-activated-therapy/), [IDH inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/idh-inhibitors/), [In vivo base and prime editing for cancer](https://onco.cc/technologies/in-vivo-gene-editing-cancer/), [KAT6 inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/kat6-inhibitors/), [KRAS & RAS inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/kras-inhibitors/), [Logic-gated therapeutics (AND, NOT gates)](https://onco.cc/technologies/logic-gated-therapeutics/), [LSD1 inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/lsd1-inhibitors/), [MDM2 inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/mdm2-inhibitors/), [Menin inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/menin-inhibitors/), [Metabolic therapy: starving the tumour of a nutrient](https://onco.cc/technologies/metabolic-therapy/), [Molecular glue discovery platforms](https://onco.cc/technologies/molecular-glue-platforms/), [Monoclonal antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/), [Oligonucleotide therapeutics](https://onco.cc/technologies/antisense-sirna/), [Oral SERDs](https://onco.cc/technologies/oral-serds/), [Oral solid dose manufacturing (tablets and capsules)](https://onco.cc/technologies/oral-solid-dose-manufacturing/), [PARP inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/parp-inhibitor/), [PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/pi3k-akt-mtor-inhibitors/), [Programmable DNA-targeting therapeutics](https://onco.cc/technologies/programmable-dna-targeting-therapeutics/), [PROTACs & molecular glues (targeted protein degradation)](https://onco.cc/technologies/protac-degrader/), [Radioligand plus DNA-repair inhibitor combinations](https://onco.cc/technologies/radionuclide-parp-combination/), [Senolytics and senescence-directed therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/senescence-targeting/), [Small-molecule API synthesis](https://onco.cc/technologies/small-molecule-api-synthesis/), [Small-molecule kinase inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/kinase-inhibitors/), [Synthetic lethality approaches](https://onco.cc/technologies/synthetic-lethality-approaches/), [Targeting the tumour's own microbes](https://onco.cc/technologies/tumour-microbiome-targeting/), [Targeting tumour mechanics and pressure](https://onco.cc/technologies/mechanobiology-therapy/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/targeted-therapy.json