# Rectal cancer

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/  
OnCo record `rectal-cancer` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Rectal cancer is bowel cancer in the last part of the large intestine, where surgery can mean a permanent stoma. Treatment now usually gives all the chemotherapy and radiotherapy first, and about half of people whose tumour disappears completely can keep their rectum and avoid surgery altogether.

## Summary

Rectal cancer is staged by pelvic MRI, which shows the depth of invasion, the distance to the mesorectal fascia, extramural venous invasion and nodal disease and so decides who needs treatment before surgery. Total mesorectal excision, described by Heald in 1982, cut local recurrence from a quarter of patients to well under a tenth, and the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial (2004) moved chemoradiation to before surgery, halving local recurrence again. Early tumours (cT1-2, node-negative) go straight to surgery, and small T1 tumours can be removed through the anus.

For locally advanced disease the sequence has been rebuilt as total neoadjuvant therapy: RAPIDO (2020) gave one week of radiotherapy then all the chemotherapy before surgery and cut distant failure and doubled complete responses; PRODIGE 23 (2021) gave induction mFOLFIRINOX before chemoradiation and improved disease-free and, later, overall survival. OPRA (2022) showed that with chemoradiation followed by consolidation chemotherapy about half of patients could avoid surgery through watch and wait without losing disease control, building on the Habr-Gama series from Sao Paulo. PROSPECT (2023) then showed that intermediate-risk tumours suitable for sphincter-sparing surgery can be treated with FOLFOX alone, with radiotherapy reserved for the 9 percent who do not respond.

The 5 to 10 percent of rectal cancers that are mismatch-repair deficient respond so completely to PD-1 blockade that surgery and radiotherapy can be omitted: in the Memorial Sloan Kettering study every patient treated with six months of dostarlimab had a clinical complete response (NEJM 2022, expanded 2025), and AZUR-1 is the registration study. Metastatic rectal cancer is treated as metastatic colorectal cancer, by genotype and sidedness. Open questions are how to select watch and wait safely, whether circulating tumour DNA can guide surveillance, and how to reduce the bowel, sexual and urinary harm that survivors carry.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Also known as: TCGA-READ; rectum adenocarcinoma (TCGA READ cohort); Rectal adenocarcinoma; Cancer of the rectum; Locally advanced rectal cancer; Rectum cancer
- Tags: subtype-page
- Group: gastrointestinal
- Burden: About a third of colorectal cancers start in the rectum, the last 15 cm of the bowel; because the rectum sits in the narrow pelvis next to the bladder, sexual organs and sphincter, local recurrence, stomas and function matter more than for colon cancer.
- Subtypes: Low rectal cancer (within 5 cm of the anal verge; the sphincter is at risk); Mid and upper rectal cancer (anterior resection with anastomosis); Locally advanced rectal cancer (cT3-4 or node-positive on MRI; total neoadjuvant therapy); Mismatch-repair deficient rectal cancer (immunotherapy alone, no surgery); Rectal cancer in clinical complete response under watch and wait
- Biomarkers: Pelvic MRI: T stage, mesorectal fascia involvement, extramural venous invasion, lateral nodes; Mismatch repair / microsatellite status (immunotherapy alone if deficient); RAS, BRAF V600E and HER2 in metastatic disease; Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); Circulating tumour DNA after treatment (under study); Clinical complete response on endoscopy and MRI

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/rectal-cancer/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/#overview [4 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/#what-it-is [5 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/#finding-it [6 biomarkers]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/#treating-it [5 settings, 3 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/evidence/ [614 trials, 15 key papers, 10 milestones]
- Biology and targets (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/#science [8 targets, 1 pathway]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/where-you-are/ [5 centres, 29 UK centres]
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/#living-with-it [21 questions, 6 red cards, 1 decision aid]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/coming/ [10 medicines, 614 trials, 3 ideas, 4 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/data/ [723 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Early (cT1-2, node-negative): Total mesorectal excision, increasingly robotic or laparoscopic; transanal local excision for small, well-differentiated T1 tumours; no radiotherapy. ([Total mesorectal excision (TME)](https://onco.cc/terms/total-mesorectal-excision/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/), [MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/))
- Locally advanced, higher risk: Total neoadjuvant therapy: short-course radiotherapy then CAPOX or FOLFOX (RAPIDO), or induction mFOLFIRINOX then chemoradiation (PRODIGE 23); chemoradiation then consolidation chemotherapy when organ preservation is the goal (OPRA); surgery or watch and wait for complete responders. ([RAPIDO](https://onco.cc/trials/rapido/), [PRODIGE 23](https://onco.cc/trials/prodige-23/), [OPRA](https://onco.cc/trials/opra/), [CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [Hypofractionated radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/hypofractionated-radiotherapy/), [Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT, rectal cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/total-neoadjuvant-therapy/), [Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation)](https://onco.cc/terms/organ-preservation/), [Clinical complete response (cCR)](https://onco.cc/terms/clinical-complete-response/))
- Intermediate risk, sphincter-sparing surgery planned: Six cycles of FOLFOX with chemoradiation only if the tumour shrinks by less than 20 percent (PROSPECT), then total mesorectal excision. ([PROSPECT (Alliance N1048)](https://onco.cc/trials/prospect/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT)](https://onco.cc/terms/chemoradiation/), [Total mesorectal excision (TME)](https://onco.cc/terms/total-mesorectal-excision/))
- Mismatch-repair deficient: Six months of dostarlimab or another PD-1 antibody with non-operative management for complete responders; surgery reserved for the rare non-responder. ([Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/), [AZUR-1](https://onco.cc/trials/azur-1/), [Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/msi/), [Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation)](https://onco.cc/terms/organ-preservation/))
- Metastatic: As metastatic colorectal cancer: doublet chemotherapy with bevacizumab or, for RAS and BRAF wild-type left-sided tumours, an anti-EGFR antibody; primary tumour managed by symptoms; liver-limited disease resected. ([FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfiri/), [Bevacizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/bevacizumab/), [Cetuximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/cetuximab/), [Panitumumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/panitumumab/), [Hepatectomy (liver resection)](https://onco.cc/terms/hepatectomy/))

## State of the art

- Total neoadjuvant therapy (RAPIDO, PRODIGE 23, OPRA) has replaced chemoradiation then surgery then chemotherapy as the default for locally advanced disease.
- Watch and wait after clinical complete response spares about half of selected patients the operation, with salvage surgery for the regrowths.
- PROSPECT removed pelvic radiotherapy from the pathway for intermediate-risk tumours.
- Mismatch-repair deficient rectal cancer is treated with immunotherapy alone.

## Open problems

- No validated test predicts which clinical complete responders will regrow under watch and wait.
- Long-term bowel, sexual and urinary function after total neoadjuvant therapy is poorly measured.
- Whether circulating tumour DNA can safely guide surveillance after organ preservation is untested in randomised trials.
- Lateral pelvic node disease is managed differently in Japan and the West with no comparative trial.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancer
- NCCN Guidelines: Rectal Cancer: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1461

## Connected records

- cancers: [Adenoma-like adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal-adenoma-like-adenocarcinoma/), [BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/braf-v600e-colorectal/), [Colon cancer (adenocarcinoma of the colon)](https://onco.cc/cancers/colon-cancer/), [Colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal/), [Early-onset colorectal cancer (under 50)](https://onco.cc/cancers/early-onset-colorectal/), [Familial adenomatous polyposis-associated colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/fap-associated-colorectal-cancer/), [HER2-amplified colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/her2-amplified-colorectal/), [KRAS G12C-mutant colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/kras-g12c-colorectal/), [Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/lynch-associated-colorectal-cancer/), [Micropapillary adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal-micropapillary-carcinoma/), [Mismatch-repair deficient (MSI-high) colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/msi-high-colorectal/)
- technologies: [Body image after cancer treatment: how it is measured, what drives it, and what helps](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-body-image-after-cancer/), [Hypofractionated radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/hypofractionated-radiotherapy/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [Living with a stoma, and living after an amputation](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-body-after-stoma-and-limb-loss/), [MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/), [Pelvic floor rehabilitation after prostate and rectal surgery and after pelvic radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-rehab-pelvic-floor/), [Recovery after pelvic exenteration](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-recon-pelvic-exenteration/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/), [Stoma reversal after rectal cancer surgery: who gets the bowel joined up again](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-recon-stoma-reversal/)
- targets: [AMER1](https://onco.cc/targets/amer1/), [EGFR](https://onco.cc/targets/egfr/), [MSH2](https://onco.cc/targets/msh2/), [NFATC2](https://onco.cc/targets/nfatc2/), [PD-1](https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/), [SOCS1](https://onco.cc/targets/socs1/), [TCF7L2](https://onco.cc/targets/tcf7l2/), [VEGF / VEGFR](https://onco.cc/targets/vegf/)
- drugs: [Bevacizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/bevacizumab/), [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/), [CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/), [Cetuximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/cetuximab/), [Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/), [Fluorouracil (5-FU)](https://onco.cc/drugs/fluorouracil/), [FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfiri/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [Panitumumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/panitumumab/), [Signatera](https://onco.cc/drugs/signatera/)
- pathways: [Colorectal cancer (KEGG map)](https://onco.cc/pathways/colorectal-cancer-signalling/)
- terms: [Abdominoperineal resection](https://onco.cc/terms/abdominoperineal-resection/), [Adenoma detection rate](https://onco.cc/terms/adenoma-detection-rate/), [Adenoma-carcinoma sequence](https://onco.cc/terms/adenoma-carcinoma-sequence/), [Anti-EGFR rechallenge](https://onco.cc/terms/anti-egfr-rechallenge/), [Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT)](https://onco.cc/terms/chemoradiation/), [Circumferential resection margin (rectal cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/circumferential-resection-margin/), [Clinical complete response (cCR)](https://onco.cc/terms/clinical-complete-response/), [Colibactin](https://onco.cc/terms/colibactin/), [Conversion therapy in bowel cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/conversion-therapy-colorectal/), [Cytoreductive surgery](https://onco.cc/terms/cytoreductive-surgery/), [Extended RAS testing](https://onco.cc/terms/extended-ras-testing/), [Faecal occult blood test (guaiac)](https://onco.cc/terms/faecal-occult-blood-test/), [Hepatectomy (liver resection)](https://onco.cc/terms/hepatectomy/), [HERACLES criteria (HER2 in bowel cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/heracles-criteria/), [Immunoscore](https://onco.cc/terms/immunoscore/), [Interval cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/interval-cancer/), [Liver-limited metastatic bowel cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/liver-limited-metastatic-colorectal/), [Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/msi/), [NHS bowel cancer screening programme](https://onco.cc/terms/bowel-cancer-screening-uk/), [Obstruction and T4 disease in bowel cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/obstructing-colorectal-cancer/), [Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation)](https://onco.cc/terms/organ-preservation/), [Palliation in colorectal cancer: obstruction, stents, stomas and liver capsule pain](https://onco.cc/terms/colorectal-palliation-obstruction-pain/), [Peritoneal cancer index](https://onco.cc/terms/peritoneal-carcinomatosis-index/), [Peritoneal metastases from bowel cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/colorectal-peritoneal-metastases/), [Polyp types in the bowel](https://onco.cc/terms/colorectal-polyp-types/), [R-spondin fusion](https://onco.cc/terms/rspo-fusion/), [Screening uptake](https://onco.cc/terms/screening-uptake/), [Sidedness (left vs right colon)](https://onco.cc/terms/sidedness/), [Stoma (colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy)](https://onco.cc/terms/stoma/), [Surveillance intervals after polypectomy](https://onco.cc/terms/colonoscopy-surveillance-intervals/), [Total mesorectal excision (TME)](https://onco.cc/terms/total-mesorectal-excision/), [Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT, rectal cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/total-neoadjuvant-therapy/), [Watch and wait after chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/watch-and-wait-rectal-cancer/)
- trials: [- IKF/AIO-QUINTIS - Evaluating Fruquintinib in Combination With Tislelizumab in Microsatellite Stable / Proficient Mismatch Repair (MSS/pMMR) Metastatic Colorec](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06856837/), ["Thymalfasin Immunotherapy Study with Triple Regimen in Advanced MSS/pMMR Colorectal Cancer"](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06829355/), [125I Seed Implantation Plus Systemic Therapy for Oligoprogressive NSCLC or Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07333651/), [16-Hour Fasting Plus Serplulimab and CAPEOX as Neoadjuvant Therapy in pMMR/MSS Advanced Mid-to-Low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07779694/), [5-fluorouracil Plus Panitumumab (Anti-EGFR) and Sotorasib (KRAS G12C Inhibitor) in First-line Treatment of Patients Non-eligible for a Doublet/Triplet Chemother](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07124884/), [5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin (5FU/LV) in Combination With Regorafenib in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06887218/), [5FU/LV, Irinotecan, Temozolomide and Bevacizumab for MGMT Silenced, Microsatellite Stable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04689347/), [A Clinical Study of Adebrelimab in Combination With SHR-8068 and Chemoradiotherapy as Perioperative Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07454720/), [A Clinical Study of Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab Combined With Fruquintinib and Heterogeneous Radiotherapy Versus Fruquintinib as Third-Line and Subsequent-Line](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07502014/), [A Clinical Study of Liposomal Irinotecan for Second-Line Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07585279/), [A Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Fruquintinib in Combination With PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody and Chidamide in Refractory MSS Metastatic Colorectal C](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06979908/), [A Clinical Study on the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer at the Second-line or Beyond.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07395063/), [A Clinical Study to Evaluate Injection TQB2102 for the Treatment of Patients With HER2 IHC3+ Advanced Colorectal Cancer Who Progressed After Treatment With Oxal](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07483684/), [A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Envafolimab Combined With Cetuxima-βand mFOLFOX6 in Patients With MSS, RAS/BRAF Wild-Type Metastatic Col](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06959693/), [A Clinical Trial Comparing Long-Course Versus Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Immunotherapy Combined With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) to Long-Course R](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07113275/), [A Clinical Trial Evaluating TQB2930 Injection and Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab in Patients With HER2-Abnormally Expressed Unresectable Locally Advan](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07653685/), [A Clinical Trial of LBL-024 Combination Drug in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07791758/), [A Combination Therapy Including Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in MSS Rectal Cancer With Resectable Distal Metastasis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05359393/), [A Global Trial of Trastuzumab Rezetecan (SHR-A1811) in Combination With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Colorecta](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07796763/), [A Multicenter Phase 1b/2 Study of Adagrasib, Cetuximab, and Cemiplimab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Harboring KRAS G12C Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06412198/), [A Multicenter Single-arm P2 to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of the Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for cT2 Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05939661/), [A Multicenter, Open Phase IIb Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of B1962 Injection in the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06838546/), [A Multicenter, Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Concurrent Combination Therapy of S-531011 Plus Fruquintinib or S-531011 Plus F](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07591597/), [A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Phase II Study of Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Sequential PD-1 Inhibitor and FOLFOX Chemotherapy Versus Long-Cours](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07669220/), [A Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of JS207 With or Without JS015 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06885385/), [A Phase I-II Study to Test the Safety and Efficacy of PD1 (AB122) and Adenosine Receptor (AB928) Antagonists With Chemotherapy After Short-Course Radiation for](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05024097/), [A Phase Ib/II Study of HDM2017 in Combination With Standard of Care in Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07621159/), [A Phase Ib/II Study of SYS6090 Combination Therapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07750041/), [A Phase II Clinical Study of Aipalolitovorelizumab (QL1706) Combined With Fruquintinib in the Treatment of Immunodominant pMMR/MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07229872/), [A Phase II Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Tislelizumab Combined With Fruquintinib and Chidamide in the Treatment of Unresectable or Advanced Micro](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06218888/), [A Phase II Platform Study to Evaluate Treatment With Cemiplimab Monotherapy or Cemiplimab Plus Fianlimab or Other Novel Combinations in Patients With Colorectal](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07058012/), [A Phase II Prospective Study of Maastro Applicator Brachytherapy for Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07402486/), [A Phase II Randomized Trial of Serplulimab With Second-Line Chemo/Targeted Therapy for Early Relapse Colorectal Cancer After Adjuvant Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07604909/), [A Phase II Single-Arm Study of High-Bioavailability Curcumin as Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Mid-to-Low Rectal Cancer: Integrated Clinical and Translational](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07248020/), [A Phase II Study of Pirfenidone Plus PD-1 Inhibitor With or Without Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Refractory pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07644286/), [A Phase II Study of Sintilimab Combined With Ipilimumab N01, Cetuximab and Dabrafenib in Patients With Microsatellite-Stable, BRAF V600E-Mutated Metastatic Colo](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07506109/), [A Phase IIa Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial of Naproxen or Aspirin for Cancer Immune Interception in Lynch Syndrome](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05411718/), [A Phase ll Study of Neoadjuvant Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by Ivonescimab and Chemotherapy in pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06919510/), [A Pilot Study Evaluating β-hydroxybutyrate Supplementation Concomitant to Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Immunotherapy Combined With CAPEOX Neoadjuvant T](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07239466/), [A Prospective Multicenter Study: Ivosimab + Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant for Resectable pMMR/MSS CRC Liver Mets](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06972498/), [A Prospective Study of MSS-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Multiple Lines of Standard Chemotherapy, Bevacizumab Combined With Adebrelimab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06513221/), [A Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Phase II Exploratory Study of Serplulimab Combined With Oncolytic Virus H101, Short-Course Radiotherapy, and XELOX Chemot](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07543848/), [A Prospective, Open-label, Single-arm Phase II Clinical Study of Fruquintinib Combined With S-1 for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06746545/), [A Randomized Controlled Trial of Plasma ctDNA Methylation-Guided Adjuvant Chemotherapy Decision-Making in High-Risk Stage III (T4N+ or T1-3N2) Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07562490/), [A Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Maintenance Treatment With Fluoropyrimidine + Bevacizumab Versus Fluoropyrimidine After Induction Chemotherapy for a Meta](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04188145/), [A Series of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06312982/), [A Single-arm Clinical Study Evaluating Pirfenidone and Sintilimab in Combination With Standard Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer Patients With Peri](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07268677/), [A Single-arm Phase II Clinical Study of Camrelizumab Combined With Long-course Chemoradiotherapy for Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Low pMMR/MSS](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07527026/), [A Single-arm, Multicenter Clinical Study of Fruquintinib Combined With Serplulimab and Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Patients With RAS/BRAF-mutated A](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07622550/), [A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter Phase I/II Clinical Study of GFH276 in Patients With RAS-Mutant Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07198321/), [A Single-Arm, Phase II Study of Retlirafusp Alfa in Combination With XELOX and Bevacizumab for the First-Line Treatment of Advanced RAS-Mutated Colorectal Cance](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07797244/), [A Single-Arm, Phase II, Multicenter Clinical Study of Neoadjuvant Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab N01 and mFOLFOX6 in Patients With Locally Advanced BRAF V600E-Mutan](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07789210/), [A Single-arm, Single-center, Phase II Clinical Study of Aipalolitovorelizumab (QL1706) Combined With Bevacizumab and Standard Chemotherapy as First-line Treatme](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07229846/), [A Single-center, Phase II Study on Efficacy & Safety of SCRT+CAPOX+Serplulimab+Bevacizumab for MSS Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07347951/), [A Study Comparing BL-M07D1 With Physician's Choice Therapy in Patients With HER2 IHC3+ Advanced Colorectal Cancer Who Failed Prior Treatment With Oxaliplatin, F](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07730489/), [A Study of 2nd-line FOLFIRI ± Bevacizumab vs. Irinotecan ± Bevacizumab in mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03303495/), [A Study of AK112 in Combination With VG2025 in Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07357220/), [A Study of Atezolizumab With or Without Tiragolumab Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Participants With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05009069/), [A Study of Botensilimab and Balstilimab for Colorectal Cancer With ctDNA+ After Surgery and Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07227636/), [A Study of Botensilimab and Balstilimab for Rectal Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06843434/), [A Study of Cetuximabβ Combined With Envolimab and mFOLFOX6 in Subjects With Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07000305/), [A Study of Dabrafenib Plus Cetuximab/Panitumumab With FOLFOX in the First Line of Therapy in People With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06978400/), [A Study of DES-1357 in People With Deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR)/Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07807800/), [A Study of Dostarlimab in Participants With Untreated Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer in China](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06640049/), [A Study of Fruquintinib Plus FOLFIRI as Second-Line Treatment for Participants With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (FRUITFUL)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07011576/), [A Study of MRG007 Combination Therapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07737600/), [A Study of Olomorasib (LY3537982) in Participants With Advanced Colorectal Cancer and a KRAS G12C Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07814417/), [A Study of Single Fraction Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Guided by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in People With Liver Metastasis From Colorectal](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06130280/), [A Study of the Duration of Dostarlimab in Untreated Mismatch Repair Deficient (dMMR)/ Microsatellite Instability-high (MSI-H) Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07740720/), [A Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) and Cetuximab in People With Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07691489/), [A Study of Tucatinib and Trastuzumab in People With Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05672524/), [A Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Irinotecan Liposome (II), 5-FU/LV in Combination With Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07123441/), [A Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Multi-mode Ablation Combined With Systemic Therapy in the Treatment of CRCLM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06590259/), [A Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of SOT109 in Patients With Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07693751/), [A Study to Characterize Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab as Rechallenge Treatment for BRAF V600E-mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients After Previous Therapy W](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07178717/), [A Study to Evaluate INCA33890 in the Treatment of Circulating Tumor DNA-Positive Stage II/III Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer After Curative Resection a](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07823322/), [A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of VVD-133214 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Compared With Pembrolizumab Alone in Participants With Advanced Cancer of the Colon or Rectum](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07811193/), [A Study to Explore the Third-line Treatment of Fruquintinib Combined With Serplulimab in Advanced Non-liver-limited Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: a Single-cente](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05954429/), [A Trial of Aspirin on Recurrence and Survival in Colon Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02301286/), [Abemaciclib Combined With FOLFOX/FOLFIRI Regimen in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Liver Metastases Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07441369/), [Adaptive Boost Radiotherapy to Primary Lesions and Positive Nodes in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06246344/), [Adaptive Radiotherapy for Safe Hypofractionation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07516210/), [Addition of Antibiotics to Upfront Treatment Regimen for Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06728072/), [Adebrelimab Injection (PD-L1) Combined With Short Course Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Neoadjuvant Therapy of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06765616/), [Adjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Targeted Therapy or Not in the T3-4N2 Colorectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05797467/), [Adjuvant FOLFIRI Based-chemotherapy After Resection of CLM Responding to Preoperative FOLFIRI](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06501482/), [Adjuvant mFOLFOXIRI vs. mFOLFOX6 in MRD Positive Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer (AFFORD)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05427669/), [Adjuvant PD-1 Blockade for High-risk Stage-II DMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06520683/), [Adjuvant Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) in Resected High Risk Colon Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03280511/), [AK104 Plus Radiotherapy Combined With Standard Therapy Versus Standard Therapy as First-Line Treatment for pMMR/MSS CRLM (APSOC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07544784/), [AK112 Plus FOLFIRI Versus Bevacizumab Plus FOLFIRI as Second-line Treatment of MSS/pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07021950/), [Allogeneic NK Cell Therapy Combined With Standard Maintenance Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07551778/), [Amplitude-Modulated Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (AM RF EMF) in Combination With Fruquintinib in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07130903/), [An Adaptive-design Prospective Cohort Study of Watch and Wait Strategy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04443543/), [An Explorative Study of HRS-2189 Combined With Adebrelimab and BP102 for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07061210/), [An Open-label, Single-arm, Multicenter Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Amivantamab in Combination With FOLFIRI as a Second-line Treatment in Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06855849/), [Anlotinib Combined With Sintilimab as First-line Treatment for Advanced Non-liver Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07398326/), [Antegrade Intestinal Fluid Reinfusion for Prevention of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome After Low Anterior Resection: a Single-Center, Prospective Randomized Co](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07537998/), [Anti-PCSK9 Antibody Tafolecimab and Anti-PD-1 Antibody Sintilimab Combined With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for pMMR/ MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer : A P](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07686796/), [Aspirin in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03326791/), [Assess the Efficacy of Radiotherapy and Sequential Chemotherapy and AK104 Before TME Surgery for Local CRC（AK104-IIT-13）](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05794750/), [Assessing a Regorafenib-irinotecan Combination Versus Regorafenib Alone in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03829462/), [Assessment of Direct Biomarkers of Aspirin Action to Develop a Precision Chemoprevention Therapy of Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03957902/), [Autologous and Allogeneic Whole Cell Cancer Vaccine for Metastatic Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00722228/), [Avapritinib for the Treatment of CKIT or PDGFRA Mutation-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Malignant Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04771520/), [AZUR-1](https://onco.cc/trials/azur-1/), [BAL/BOT/agenT-797 in pMMR CRC With Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07550088/), [Becotatug Vedotin Combined With Cetuximab in the Later-line Treatment of Metastatic RAS Wild-type Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07490119/), [BETWEEN: Biweekly Bevacizumab + Trifluridine/Tipiracil to Reduce Grade 3-4 Neutropenia in mCRC Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07071844/), [Bevacizumab Plus mFOLFOXIRI as First-line Treatment for Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04230187/), [Bevacizumab-based Chemotherapy Adapted to Bevacizumab Pharmacokinetics in 1st-line Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06642844/), [Bevacizumab, Sintilimab, Cetuximab and Irinotecan in Refractory RAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: BOND-4 Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07722754/), [Biological Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Therapy With Immunotherapy for Colon and Rectum Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06530303/), [Brachytherapy Followed by Nivolumab Prior to Surgery in Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07645118/), [Cabozantinib Plus Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab in Patients With Gastroesophageal Cancer and Other Gastrointestinal Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03539822/), [Cadonilimab (AK104) Combined With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab as First-line Treatment for RAS Mutated or Right Sided-metastatic MSS Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06566755/), [Cadonilimab Combined With Fruquintinib and SBRT as Athird-line and Posterior Line Treatment in Patients With MSS CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06168786/), [Cadonilimab in Combination With Bevacizumab and FOLFOX Regimen for the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Unresectable MSS-Type, RAS-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06218810/), [Can we Save the Rectum by Watchful Waiting or TransAnal Surgery Following (Chemo)Radiotherapy Versus Total Mesorectal Excision for Early REctal Cancer?](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02945566/), [CAO/ARO/AIO-12](https://onco.cc/trials/cao-aro-aio-12/), [CAO/ARO/AIO-94 (German Rectal Cancer Study)](https://onco.cc/trials/cao-aro-aio-94/), [Capecitabine/Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy and Cemiplimab With or Without Fianlimab or REGN7075 in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07281768/), [CapeOX Combined With Bevacizumab Plus Anti-PD1 Antibody as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Recurrent Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06881537/), [CAPEOX vs Observation in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Positive MRD](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05699746/), [CAPOX and Bevacizumab With or Without Primary Tumor Radiotherapy and Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab as First-line Treatment for RAS-Mutant/MSS Metastatic Rectal C](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07383285/), [CAPOX and PD-1 Antibody Combined With or Without Radiotherapy for MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06281405/), [Cemiplimab With or Without Fianlimab to Treat Older Patients With Localized or Locally Advanced MSI-H Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06205836/), [Cetuximab and Envafolimab Plus mFOLFOXIRI as First-line Treatment for RAS/BRAF Wild-type, MSS, Unresectable Left-side Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05959356/), [Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan in Patients With NeoRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer In Third-line Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05962502/), [Cetuximab, Irinotecan, Toripalimab in RAS/BRAF Wild-type Ultraselected Right-sided Colorectal Cancer Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06547203/), [CGA Guided Ultrafractionated RT and First-line Systemic Treatment in Elderly or Frail Patients with MCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06665087/), [CGA Guided Ultrafractionated RT and Systemic Treatment in Elderly or Frail Patients with Inoperable Localized CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06652412/), [Chidamide in Combination With PD-1 Inhibitor, Bevacizumab, and XELOX for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06858969/), [CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA BASED DECISION FOR ADJUVANT TREATMENT IN COLON CANCER STAGE II](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04120701/), [Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation Guided Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-risk Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05954078/), [Circulating Tumor DNA-guided Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05601505/), [Clinical Efficacy of Transarterial Chemoembolization in Elderly Patients With Advanced Unresectable Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07209384/), [Clinical Study of Irinotecan Liposome (II)-Based Combination Treatment for Irinotecan-resistant Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07044921/), [Clinical Study of Second-line Treatment in Advanced Colorectal Cancer With Chemotherapy With Bevacizumab or Cetuximab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06540326/), [Clinical Study of Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by Fruquintinib Plus Sintilimab vs Bevacizumab Plus Capecitabine as First Line Treatment in Advanced mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06195670/), [Clinical Study on the First-line Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer With Simultaneous Infusion of Levozolinate for Injection and 5-FU](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07391618/), [Clinical Trial Evaluating the Activity of Zanidatamab for the Treatment of Patients With Solid Tumors With an Alteration of the HER2 Gene.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07192068/), [Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Capecitabine Plus Lenvatinib in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin, and Fl](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07683949/), [Clinical Trial of Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX Plus Alvenor for LARC Patients With High YWHAB Expression](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07176182/), [Clinical Trial of TB511 in Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06400160/), [COffee and Metabolites Modulating the Gut MicrobiomE in Colorectal caNCER](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05692024/), [Colorectal Metastasis Prevention International Trial 2](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03919461/), [Combination Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-refractory Metastatic MSS CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07281716/), [Combination of High and Low-Dose Radiotherapy With Immune Therapy and TKI in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Phase II Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07467590/), [Combination of IV Ascorbic Acid and Adebrelimab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04516681/), [Combination Therapy for BRAF-V600E Metastatic CRCm](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06411600/), [Combination With Sintilimab and XELOX+Bevacizumab as 1st Line Therapy in RAS-mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05171660/), [Combining DCSZ11 With Radiation and Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment for pMMR Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07580339/), [Combining Intratumoral Flu Vaccine and Systemic Pembrolizumab in Patients With Early pMMR Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05909423/), [Comparative Study on the Short- and Long-term Efficacy of Q-ISR, Traditional Sub-ISR, and t-ISR](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07371273/), [Comparing Chidamide+Sintilimab+Bev With Standard Second-line FOLFIRI+Bev in Advanced MSS/pMMR mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05768503/), [Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Enlituo® Versus Erbitux® Plus FOLFOX in Locally Advanced/Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With RAS/BRAF Wild-type and MSS/pMMR Stat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07595276/), [Comparison of In-Home Versus In-Clinic Administration of Subcutaneous Nivolumab Through Cancer CARE (Connected Access and Remote Expertise) Beyond Walls (CCBW)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06265285/), [Comparison of the Pathological Effect Between 2 and 4 Cycles Neoadjuvant CAPOX for Low/Intermediate Risk II/III Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04922853/), [Comparison of Transanal Irrigation and Glycerol Suppositories in Treatment of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04087421/), [Consolidation Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Mid or Low Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02843191/), [Continuation of Cetuximab Beyond First-Line Progression in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07389265/), [Continuous or Intermittent Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI as First-line Treatment in RAS/BRAF Wild-type mCRC Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07004413/), [Conversion From Unresectable To Resectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03401294/), [Conversion Therapy of RAS/BRAF Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer Patients With Initially Unresectable Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04687631/), [Cryoablation Combined with Sintilimab Plus Regorafenib in Previously Treated Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05057052/), [ctDNA-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07188025/), [ctDNA-guided Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05815082/), [ctDNA-Guided Cetuximab or Bevacizumab Plus Trifluridine/Tipiracil in RAS/BRAF Wild-Type mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07012954/), [ctDNA-Informed Management of Early-Stage Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07209215/), [DEBIRI Plus Chemotherapy vs. Chemotherapy Alone in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06555003/), [Delayed Systemic Therapy Following Destructive Local Treatment of Pulmonary Oligometastases After No Evidence of Disease (NED) in Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06778382/), [DETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 02: Atezolizumab in Adult, Paediatric and Teenage/Young Adult Patients With Cancers With High Tumour Mutational Burden (TMB) or Mi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05770102/), [DETERMINE Trial Treatment Arm 05: Vemurafenib in Combination With Cobimetinib in Adult Patients With BRAF Positive Cancers.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05768178/), [Dietary Arginine Deprivation Combined With Chemoradiotherapy for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07755124/), [Different Cycles of Preoperative Neoadjuvant Sintilimab in Mismatch-repair Deficient/microsatellite Instability-high, Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06698757/), [Different-Dose SCRT Plus CAPOX, PD-1 Blockade and IL-2 in LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07646639/), [DOSAGE Study: Upfront Dose-Reduced Chemotherapy in Older Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06275958/), [Dose Individualization of Chemotherapy in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers Lacking a Specific Liver Enzyme](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06475352/), [Dual Administration Of Intraperitoneal And Intravenous TROP2-Directed CAR-NK With TGF-Beta Receptor 2 (TGFBR2) Knock Out (KO) Therapy For Colorectal Cancer-Rela](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07411599/), [Dual EGFR/HER2 Blockade Combined With Irinotecan for the Treatment of HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07059338/), [Duloxetine to Prevent Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04137107/), [Dutch TME trial](https://onco.cc/trials/dutch-tme-trial/), [Early Commencement of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01460589/), [Effect of Chemoprevention by Low-dose Aspirin of New or Recurrent Colorectal Adenomas in Patients With Lynch Syndrome](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02813824/), [EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY INFORMATION AND ENDORSMENT BY GP TO INCREASE COLONOSCOPY FOLLOW-UP AND REDUCE DELAYS IN PEOPLE WITH A POSITIVE COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENIN](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07520578/), [Effects of Intravenous Administered Iron in Non-anemic Iron Deficient Patients With Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05220800/), [Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by CapeOX Chemotherapy Plus Toripalimab With or Without Concurrent Surufatinib in Neoadjuva](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07505472/), [Efficacy and Safety of AK104 Combined With Chemotherapy and Cetuximab or Bevacizumab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07253896/), [Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy With XELOX (Oxaliplatin + Capecitabine) and Bevacizumab in Combination With Adebrelimab in First-line Treatment of Microsate](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06282445/), [Efficacy and Safety of Combined With Immunotherapy After Induction Therapy With Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in the First-line Treatment of Microsatellite](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06176885/), [Efficacy and Safety of FOLFOX+Cetuximab vs. FOLFOXIRI+Bevacizumab Both With QL1706 in First-Line Treatment of Left-Sided mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07070713/), [Efficacy And Safety Of Hydroxychloroquine Combined With Methotrexate, Capecitabine And Bevacizumab Vs. Regorafenib In Participants With Refractory Metastatic Co](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06949982/), [Efficacy and Safety of Retlirafusp Alfa Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy With or Without Short-Course Radiotherapy in Patients With CRCLM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07728019/), [Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Biosimilars and Pertuzumab Biosimilars Combined With Chemotherapy for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Patients With Locally Advanced](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07108127/), [Efficacy and Safety of Tunlametinib Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Second-line and Above Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07714447/), [Efficacy and Toxicity of Total Neoadjuvant Sandwich Treatment Via Short Course Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Stage II and III Rectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07095439/), [Efficacy of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04861558/), [Efficacy of the Use of Neoadjuvant With/Without Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Colon Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06783491/), [Efficacy Study of Digoxin Combined With Serplulimab and Chemotherapy in First-Line Treatment of MSS Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07025850/), [Efficacy, Safety and Exploratory Clinical Study of Bevacizumab Combined With Oxaliplatin and TAS-102 in First-line Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05364489/), [Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab in a Neoadjuvant Setting in Patients With BRAF Mutation Localised Colon or Upper Rectum Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05706779/), [Epacadostat (INCB024360) Added to Preoperative Chemoradiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03516708/), [Evaluating the Benefits of Personalized Traditional Chinese Medicine in Postoperative Treatment for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06596343/), [Evaluating the Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07314528/), [Evaluating Whether an Educational Website Called Current Together After Cancer (CTAC) Improves Follow-up Care for Colorectal Cancer Survivors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07018869/), [Evaluation of 89Zr-DFO-nimotuzumab for Non-invasive Imaging of EGFR+ Cancers by Positron Emission Tomography (PET)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04235114/), [Evaluation of Irinotecan Liposome (II) Combined With 5-FU, LV, and Bevacizumab for mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06643793/), [Evaluation of the Effect of Adapted Physical Activity on the Modification of Lipid Metabolism During Chemotherapy for Metastatic COLorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06944548/), [Everolimus in CDK12-Deficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (EVER-RECODE)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07435584/), [Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies for NeoRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Based on Circulating Tumor DNA](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06440902/), [Exploring Sintilimab + Bevacizumab + Decitabine for Advanced pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer (After 2+ Prior Therapies）](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07007767/), [FAPI-Guided Radiotherapy With Cadonilimab and Standard Chemotherapy for Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis: A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial (TORHC-PM02)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07815834/), [First-line Treatment of MCapOX + Cetuximab Vs. MFOLFOX6 + Cetuximab for RAS/BRAF Wild-type, MSS, Unresectable Left-Sided MCRC: a Multicenter, Randomized, Contro](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06616259/), [Fluorescence Image Guided Surgery Followed by Intraoperative Photodynamic Therapy for Improving Local Tumor Control in Patients With Locally Advanced or Recurre](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06307548/), [FMT Combined With Standard First-Line Therapy in Initially Unresectable Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07509398/), [FMT+ QL1706+Bevacizumab+ XELOX as First-line Treatment for Advanced MSS-type Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastasis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06801665/), [FOLFIRI Plus Bevacizuamb and QL1706 in Second-Line Treatment for mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07729605/), [FOLFOX Via HAI Plus Intravenous Irinotecan With or Without Bevacizumab Versus Systemic FOLFOXIRI With or Without Bevacizumab in Initially Unresectable RAS-mutat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05727163/), [FOLFOX, Botensilimab, and Balstilimab for the Treatment of Localized Rectal Cancer Before Surgery](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06780787/), [FOLFOX8 Versus mFOLFOX6 With Bevacizumab or Cetuximab for First-Line Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Phase II)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07621497/), [FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab With or Without Atezolizumab as 1st Line Treatment of pMMR and IS IC-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06733038/), [FOLICOLOR TRIAL: Following Therapy Response Through Liquid Biopsy in Metatstatic Colorectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07558083/), [Fruquintinib and Pirfenidone in Combination With Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Advanced or Metastatic pMMR/MSS Colorectal Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06484153/), [Fruquintinib Combined With Sintilimab ± Radiotherapy for Third-line Treatment of Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06356584/), [Fruquintinib Combined With Trifluridine/Tipiracil Versus Bevacizumab Combined With Trifluridine/Tipiracil for Advanced Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07286695/), [Fruquintinib Plus Anti-EGFR Antibody for Third-Line Treatment of RAS Wild-Type mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07724223/), [Fruquintinib Plus Camrelizumab and HAIC in the Treatment of Non-MSI-H Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06423937/), [Fruquintinib Versus Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Second-Line RAS-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (FRU-RAS)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07362836/), [Fruquintinib vs Bevacizumab Combined With Irinotecan Liposome and Capecitabine as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07051785/), [Fruquintinib With or Without HAI-FOLFOX for Refractory Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06441565/), [FTD-TPI, Bevacizumab, and Radioembolization With 166Ho-microspheres in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06563986/), [FULIRI Plus Targeted Therapy for First-line Conversion Therapy of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07515963/), [Futibatinib in Combination With (Chemo)Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer and Other Solid Tumor Entities](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06722183/), [Glumetinib Combined With Fruquintinib in the Treatment of MET Amplification or Protein Overexpression in Third-Line Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06980532/), [Gossypol Acetate + FOLFIRI + Bev in mCRC With TP53-Mutant and LRPPRC Positive](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07337551/), [GSL Synthetase Inhibitor Plus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and/or Regorafenib in Previously Treated pMMR/MSS CRC.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06558773/), [Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Liposomal Irinotecan Plus Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07570914/), [HRX215, A First Generation MKK4 Inhibitor Drug, for the Treatment of Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastasis After Undergoing a Portal Vein Embolization](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07612007/), [Hyperthermia Enhanced Re-irradiation of Loco-regional Recurrent Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04889742/), [Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined With NALIRIF, PD-1 Antibody in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer(NOVELTY-R)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07183865/), [Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Plus Immunotherapy Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06928584/), [ICE Study: Combination of Irinotecan Plus Cetuximab and Envafolimab as a Rechallenge Regimen in mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06321081/), [Immune Cell Therapy for Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07260058/), [Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors + Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06154538/), [Immunotherapy in Patients With Early dMMR Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05732389/), [Immunotherapy Using Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Patients With Metastatic Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01174121/), [Immunotheray Combined With Simvastatin and Target Therapy and Chemotharepy for Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07718490/), [Improvement Effect of Dexamethasone Enema for Acute Radiation-induced Rectal Injury](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07548736/), [Improving Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients With Rectal Cancer After Surgery With Intensified Follow-up & Surveillance](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06936774/), [Induction Chemotherapy for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04389086/), [Induction Treatment for Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Combined Hepatic Arterial Infusion Pump Therapy With Systemic Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06857773/), [Injection of IP-001 Into Thermally Ablated Hepatic Tumors in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07321847/), [Interest of Early Erectile Rehabilitation With Sildenafil After Radiotherapy and Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06123156/), [Intermittent or Continuous Panitumumab Plus FOLFIRI for Left Sided RAS/B-RAF Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06509126/), [International Watch & Wait Database](https://onco.cc/trials/iwwd/), [Intestinal Microbiome Modulation With Antibiotics in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06793137/), [Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography in Colorectal Surgery to Prevent Anastomotic Leakage](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05168839/), [Investigate the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Patients With Positive ctDNA After Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for a Stage III Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06197425/), [INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTI-NEOPLASTIC EFFECT OF TRISHUL (AYURVEDIC AGENT) ON TUMOUR REGRESSION OF RECTAL CANCER- A PILOT STUDY](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07430696/), [Involve-site Radiotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07161115/), [Iparomlimab/Tuvonralimab Combined With Bevacizumab and CAPEOX as Conversion Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07007728/), [Iparomlimab/Tuvonralimab Integrating With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (IT-TNT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07026422/), [Irinotecan Hydrochloride Liposome Injection (II) Combined with Fluorouracil, Folinic Acid, Vermofenib and Cetuximab in First-line Treatment of BRAFV600E Mutated](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06603376/), [Irinotecan Liposomes Combined with Cetuximab + Vermofenib in First-line Failure of Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06763029/), [Irinotecan Liposomes in Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07074353/), [Irinotecan, TAS-102 Plus Bevacizumab as a Second-Line Therapy in mCRC Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06202001/), [Ivonescimab Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Initially Unresectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06848842/), [Ivosidenib Plus mFOLFOXIRI and Celecoxib for BRAF-targeted Therapy-refractory BRAF V600E-mutant Colorectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07809893/), [JS212 Combination Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07503756/), [JSKN003 Versus Physician Choiced Treatment in Patients With HER2-positive and Advanced Colorectal Cancer Who Had Failed to Respond to Oxaliplatin, 5-Fu, and Iri](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07384377/), [KN 046 Plus Regorafenib in MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05985109/), [KORTUC (KRC-01) Plus Radiotherapy for Organ Preservation in Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07622017/), [Liposomal Irinotecan (II) Fractionated Dosing Combined With 5-FU/LV (FOLFIRInali-3) and Bevacizumab in Second-line Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Si](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07047560/), [Liposomal Irinotecan and Capecitabine Plus Bevacizumab as Second-line Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06192680/), [Liposomal Irinotecan and Leucovorin/5-fluorouracil Plus Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06184698/), [Liposomal Irinotecan With TAS102 and Bevacizumab for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05854498/), [Liposomal Irinotecan, Capecitabine and Enlonstobart With Short-Course Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07281157/), [Liver-directed Chemotherapy After Surgery of Liver Metastases of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With High Risk of Recurrence of Their Disease](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07284394/), [Local Methylene Blue Injection for Prevention of Anastomotic Leakage and Permanent Stoma After Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07833319/), [Localized Treatment Versus Palliative Chemotherapy in CRC Patients With 10 or More CRLM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06208371/), [Long-course Chemoradiotherapy or Short-course Radiotherapy Combined With CAPOX, PD-1antibody, and COX-2 Inhibitor for MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (SERRAC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07150949/), [Long-Term Extension Study for Participants Previously Enrolled in an Exelixis-Sponsored Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07620574/), [Low Dose, Reduced Frequency Nivolumab for the Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic Cancer, AFFORD IO Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07576725/), [Low Rectal Cancer Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Plus Concurrent Tislelizumab Immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07561060/), [Low-dose Immunotherapy in Metastatic and Locally Advanced Colorectal and Gastric MSI/dMMR Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07542262/), [Low-Dose Radiotherapy to Sensitize Pucotenlimab Plus CAPEOX for pMMR Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07448142/), [Low-dose Trifluridine/Tipiracil With Bevacizumab in mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07085169/), [LPM6690176 in Combination With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With RAS Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07391566/), [Lubiprostone Combined With Maintenance Therapy for Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence in Peritoneal Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07405736/), [Lvosidenib (AK112) Combined With CapeOX and Radiotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Metastatic MSS-type Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06593548/), [Maintenance Tislelizumab + Capecitabine to Treat Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05360277/), [Manipulation of the Gut Microbiome by a Standardized Preoperative Diet to Prevent Colorectal Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis Following Surgery](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06349590/), [Megestrol Acetate in Improving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-Related Weight Loss in Locally Advanced CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06998758/), [MERCURY](https://onco.cc/trials/mercury/), [Metformin for the Treatment of mCRC Patients Undergoing FOLFIRI Plus Target Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06826092/), [Metronidazole as Preoperative Therapy in CRC / FusoMetro-001](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05748145/), [mFOLFOX6 + Bevacizumab + PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Vs. mFOLFOX6 in Locally Advanced pMMR/MSS CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06791512/), [mFOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab for Organ Preservation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07817888/), [MNK Inhibitor AUM001 in Combination With Either Pembrolizumab or Irinotecan to Treat Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05462236/), [Modified Long-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Chemotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitor for MSS/pMMR High-risk Mid/Low LARC (MODIFI-RC-I)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06923345/), [Modified Sandwich Therapeutic Regimen for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05228431/), [Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia in Combination With Multimodal Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07372300/), [MR-guided Adaptive Radiotherapy Combined With PD-1 Antibody and CAPOX for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06840665/), [MRC CR07](https://onco.cc/trials/cr07/), [NALIRIFOX Plus Targeted Therapy Versus FOLFOX Plus Targeted Therapy as First-line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07309289/), [Nanoliposomal Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin Plus Capecitabine As Conversion Therapy of Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06405139/), [NCT + PD1 + Ketogenic Diet and/or Vitamin C for LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07765667/), [Neo-adjuvant Pembrolizumab and Radiotherapy in Localised MSS Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04109755/), [Neoadjuvant ADG126 and Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06846268/), [Neoadjuvant Botensilimab and Balstilimab for the Treatment of Advanced Resectable Colorectal Cancer NEST3](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07595874/), [Neoadjuvant CAPOX With or Without Pucotenlimab Plus Selective Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07528209/), [Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy and Anti-angiogenesis in Treating Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07134218/), [Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Tislelizumab in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05479240/), [Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Chemotherapy With or Without Tislelizumab for Resectable Ultra-low Rectal Cancer: The RELIEVE-02 Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07132463/), [Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Plus Sintilimab for Intermediate/High Immunoscore Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05450029/), [Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Plus Tislelizumab With or Without Probio-M9 in pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07458529/), [Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in the Treatment of T3 Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06097416/), [Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitor for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer（CONTROL-01）](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06647680/), [Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Anti-PD-1 Antibody and Sitagliptin for Locally Advanced pMMR CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07365592/), [Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Excision And Observation vs Chemoradiotherapy For Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06205485/), [Neoadjuvant Dupilumab and Toripalimab in MSS CRC Subjects With Resectable Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07277322/), [Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX and Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06812728/), [Neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI and Chemoradiotherapy Versus Neoadjuvant CAPOX/FOLFOX and Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery or a Watch-and-Wait Approach in High Risk](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07472868/), [Neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI Versus CapeOX Chemotherapy for Local Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05201430/), [Neoadjuvant Fruquintinib Plus Tislelizumab Combined With mCapeOX Versus CapeOX for Mid-high pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06443671/), [Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy ± Radiotherapy in MSI-H/dMMR Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07403877/), [Neoadjuvant Long-course Chemoradiation Plus PD-1 Blockade for Mid-low Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05245474/), [Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 Chemotherapy Combined With Anti-PD-1 Therapy in MSS/pMMR Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (FIRM02 Study)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07381400/), [Neoadjuvant mFOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With High-Risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04215731/), [Neoadjuvant Moderately Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for High-risk LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06599827/), [Neoadjuvant Moderately Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for High-risk pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prosp](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07527520/), [Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab and Porustobart in Resectable pMMR/MSS Colon Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07808151/), [Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab With a Watch-and-wait Strategy for dMMR/MSI-H Localized Colon Cancer: PREMICES Study.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06646445/), [Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Combined With NALIRIFOX and Adebrelimab in pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prospective, Randomized, Phase II Clinical Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07622771/), [Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma With Capecitabine Versus TAS-102 (Neo-REACT): A Multi-center, Randomized, Phase III Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06850090/), [Neoadjuvant Serplulimab & Bevacizumab With FOLFOX vs. FOLFOX Alone in RAS/BRAF WT, pMMR/MSS CRC Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06280495/), [Neoadjuvant Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by a Combination of Disitamab Vedotin, Sintilimab, and Capecitabine in Locally Advanced HER2-expressing Rectal Ca](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07509424/), [Neoadjuvant Short-Course Radiotherapy With or Without Chemotherapy and AK112 in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06718543/), [Neoadjuvant SHR-1701 Plus Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07478731/), [Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer (SMARTi-RC01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07134101/), [Neoadjuvant Therapy vs Standard Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05378919/), [Neoadjuvant Toripalimab With or Without Celecoxib in dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03926338/), [Neoadjuvant Treatment With mFOLFOXIRI Plus Cadonilimab (AK104) Versus mFOLFOX6 in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05571644/), [Neoantigen Dendritic Cell Vaccine and Nivolumab in HCC and Liver Metastases From CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04912765/), [Neuroprotection of Memantine and Rosuvastatin](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07504198/), [New Second-Line Combo Therapy for MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07559760/), [NIMBLE-CRC: NeoImmunoModulation Before Leveraging Excision in Colorectal Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07677579/), [Nimotuzumab Combined With Trifluridine/Tipiracil in the Treatment of Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06343116/), [Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Anti-PD1-Resistant dMMR/MSI mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05310643/), [Nocardia Rubra Cell Wall Skeleton in Combination With Prior Second- or Third-line Regimens for the Treatment of Potentially Hazardous Colorectal Cancer SD Statu](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06356714/), [Nodal-Region Sparing Short-Course RT With Chemo-PD-1/Bevacizumab vs. Short-Course RT With Chemotherapy as TNT in pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07674732/), [Node-sparing Radiotherapy Combined With Total Neoadjuvant CAPOX and Sintilimab for MSS Middle and Low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06204094/), [Node-Sparing Short-Course Radiation Combined With Capecitabine and PD-1/CTLA-4 for MSS Early Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07068763/), [Node-sparing Short-Course Radiation Combined With CAPOX and Tislelizumab for MSS Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06507371/), [Node-Sparing Short-Course Radiotherapy Plus Chemotherapy, Bevacizumab and PD-1 Inhibitor in Metastatic pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer (MODIFI-CRC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06958419/), [Node-Sparing Short-Course Radiotherapy Sequential Chemotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitor for Mid/Low pMMR/MSS Rectal Cancer (MODIFI-RC-II)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06958432/), [Nodes-sparing Short-course Radiation Combined With CAPOX and Tislelizumab for MSS Middle and Low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05972655/), [Non Inferiority Study of Preoperative Chemotherapy Without Pelvic Irradiation for Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03875781/), [Octreotide Acetate and Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b or Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced, High-Risk Neuroendocrine Tumor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00569127/), [Open-label Phase 2 Study of Avutometinib (RAF/MEK Clamp) in Combination With Defactinib (FAK Inhibitor) and Cetuximab in Patients With Unresectable, Anti-EGFR-R](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06369259/), [OPRA](https://onco.cc/trials/opra/), [OPTIMIzation of Treatment SElection and Follow up in Oligometastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04680260/), [Optimizing Immunotherapy Combined With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07040098/), [Oral Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy With/Without Radiotherapy as 3rd- or Later-line Therapy for Advanced MSS/pMMR Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06764680/), [Organ Preservation Following Enverolimab-based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Very Low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05969847/), [Organ Preservation in Rectal AdenoCa Using Hypofractionated Pelvic RT(Hypo-OPRA)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06991465/), [Organ Preservation in Rectal Cancer by Dose Escalated MR Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07337876/), [Organ Preservation Strategy of Total Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Low Rectal Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05563922/), [Organ Preservation With Tislelizumab and Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients With Low Rectal Cancer: RELIEVE -01 Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06390982/), [Other Oncogene Mutations for Anti-EGFR Efficacy in Patients With Left-sided RAS-wild Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06226857/), [Partial Liver Segment 2/3 Transplantation Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02215889/), [Patient Preference for Subcutaneous vs. Intravenous Immune Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07223424/), [PCSK9 Inhibitors in Combination With Advanced Treatment Strategies for the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer With pMMR/MSS](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06391905/), [PD-1 + FOLFOXIRI vs CAPOX as Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for pMMR Low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07277842/), [PDS01ADC in Combination With Hepatic Artery Infusion Pump (HAIP) and Systemic Therapy for Subjects With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Intrahepatic Cholangiocarc](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05286814/), [Pembrolizumab With Ataluren in Patients With Metastatic pMMR and dMMR Colorectal Carcinoma or Metastatic dMMR Endometrial Carcinoma: the ATAPEMBRO Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04014530/), [Pencil Beam Proton Therapy for Pelvic Recurrences in Rectal Cancer Patients Previously Treated With Radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04695782/), [Perioperative Systemic Therapy for Isolated Resectable Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02758951/), [Personalising and Refining Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced but Resecable Colon Cancer in the Elderly of 70 Years Old or More](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06293625/), [Personalized Long-course Radiotherapy Plus Chemotherapy With or Without Immunotherapy for LARC: PALACE Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07020247/), [Personalized Ultrafractionated Stereotactic Adaptive Radiotherapy (PULSAR ) Combined With Anti-PD1，Chemotherapy and Target Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Can](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06841159/), [Personalizing Chemotherapy Selection After Surgery for Patients With Stage III Colorectal Cancer Using a Blood Test](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07340567/), [PET/MRI in Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06057831/), [Ph II Intraperitoneal Paclitaxel + System Therapy in GI Ca w/Peritoneal Carcinomatosis (STOPGAP-B)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07795749/), [Ph II Study of Enfortumab Vedotin in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic CRC or HCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06553885/), [Phase 1/2 Trial of S241656 in Selected RAS/MAPK Mutation- Positive Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05786924/), [Phase 2 Single-Arm Rectal Cancer Brachytherapy for Patients With Low-Lying Residual Adenocarcinoma After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy to Improve Organ Preservation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07292298/), [Phase I/II Study of the Combination Immunotherapy Regimen: SX-682, TriAdeno Vaccine, Retifanlimab and IL-15 Agonist N-803 (STAR15) for Metastatic Colorectal Can](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06149481/), [Phase Ib/II Study of QL1706 + Fruquintinib + SCRT vs. Standard Third-Line Therapy in Unresectable Liver-Metastatic pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer: Safety, Tolerabil](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07353268/), [Phase II Basket Trial: Zanidatamab Plus Tislelizumab in HER2-Positive GI Tumors (UNION-HER2-BASKET)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07243938/), [Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HLX07+HLX10 +mFOLFOX6 or HLX07 Monotherapy in Patients With mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05239650/), [Phase II Clinical Trial of Cadonilimab Combined With Anti-angiogenic Agents in Metastatic dMMR/MSI-H CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07003022/), [Phase II RCT of LCRT vs SCRT + CAPOX/PD-1i/COX-2i in MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07154316/), [Phase II Study of Anti-PD-1/VEGF Bispecific Antibody Ivonescimab in Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06959550/), [Phase II Study of Irinotecan Liposomes in First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06341296/), [Phase II Study of Serplulimab Combined with First-Line Targeted Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Radiation in Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06521866/), [Phase III Study in First-line Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Are Not Candidate for Intensive Therapy.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03869892/), [Planed Organ Preservation for Low Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (OPLAR)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07070622/), [Platform Study of Immunotherapy Combinations in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06300463/), [Post-resection/Ablation Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (FIRE-9 - PORT / AIO-KRK-0418)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05008809/), [Postoperation Maintenance Therapy for Resectable Liver Metastases of Colorectal Cancer Guided by ctDNA](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05797077/), [PRE-ISPY Phase I/II Oncology Platform Program](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05868226/), [Pre-operative Targeted Treatments in Molecularly Selected Resectable Colorectal Cancer (UNICORN)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05845450/), [Pre-Operative Treatment in REseCTable COlon CanceR](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06899477/), [Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Toripalimab in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06751394/), [Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Versus Ttransanal Endoscopic Microsurgery in T1 N0, M0 Rectal Cancer (TAUTEM-T1 Study)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06450574/), [Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy With CApecitabine and Temozolomide in MGMT Silenced, MSS, Locally Advanced RecTal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05136326/), [Preoperative FOLFOX Versus Postoperative Risk-adapted Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04495088/), [Preoperative IMRT With Concurrent High-dose Vitamin C and mFOLFOX6 in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04801511/), [Preoperative Short-course Radiation Followed by Envafolimab Plus CAPEOX for MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05752136/), [Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosolized Chemotherapy With Mitomycin for the Treatment of Unresectable Appendix or Colorectal Cancer With Peritoneal Metastases,](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07271355/), [Preventive Efficacy of Bergmann Enema for Acute Radiation-induced Rectal Injury in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Short-course Radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07302126/), [PRODIGE 23](https://onco.cc/trials/prodige-23/), [PRODIGE 90 - (FFCD 2204) Neoadjuvant Dostarlimab with Short Course Radiotherapy in a Watch-and-wait Strategy for Microsatellite Unstable or Mismatch Repair-defi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06762405/), [Prophylactic Mesalamine to Prevent Colitis Following Treatment With Ipilimumab/Nivolumab (Ipi/Nivo)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05663775/), [Prophylactic Mesh Placement During Stoma Closure After Low Anterior Resection](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05939687/), [Prophylactic PIPAC in Patients With High-risk Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06839092/), [PROSPECT (Alliance N1048)](https://onco.cc/trials/prospect/), [Prospectively Randomized Control Clinical Trial of FOLFOXIRI Preoperative Chemotherapy Alone on Rectal Cancer in Local Advance Comparing to Oral Capecitabine Co](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03671252/), [Protective Role of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07736495/), [Pucotenlimab Plus Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cance(PUCRT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06770270/), [Pulmonary Suffusion in Controlling Minimal Residual Disease in Patients With Sarcoma or Colorectal Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03965234/), [PULSAR Combined With PD-1 Ab and Chemotherapy Plus Bev. for CRLM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06788171/), [QL1706 Injection Plus Bevacizumab and XELOX vs Placebo Plus Bevacizumab and XELOX as First-Line Treatment of Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07025239/), [QL1706 Plus Bevacizumab for Unresectable or Metastatic MSI-H/dMMR CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07009145/), [QL1706 With Short-Course Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for MSS Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07175636/), [QoL in mCRC Elderly Patients Receiving First-line Therapy Based on Simplified Geriatric Parameters.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03828227/), [Radiotherapy Combined QL1706, TAS-102 and Bevacizumab in mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07116577/), [Radiotherapy Combined With Capeox Chemotherapy, Sintilimab and Suvemcitug in Locally Advanced pMMR Rectal Cancer:a Prospective Clinical Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07774754/), [Radiotherapy Plus CAPOX, and Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab (QL1706) as Neoadjuvant Therapy for LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07291401/), [Radiotherapy Plus Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab (QL1706), Regorafenib, and CAPOX as Neoadjuvant Therapy for pMMR/MSS LARC.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06911684/), [Randomized Controlled Study of Plasma ctDNA Methylation-Guided Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage I/Low-Risk Stage II Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07562659/), [Randomized Study of Plasma ctDNA Methylation to Guide Adjuvant Chemotherapy Decisions in High-Risk T3N0 Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07562711/), [Randomized Trial of Plasma ctDNA Methylation-Guided Adjuvant Therapy in T4N0 and Low-Risk Stage III Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07562503/), [Randomizing Two Radiotherapy Boost Options to Avoid Rectal Cancer Surgery](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03051464/), [RAPIDO](https://onco.cc/trials/rapido/), [Re-irradiation Therapy of Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer With Carbon Ion](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05807984/), [RECTIFY-1: Neoadjuvant Botensilimab + Balstilimab in MSS/pMMR Early Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07735624/), [Regorafenib (Reg) and Lorigerlimab (Lor), RELO Regimen, in Treatment of High-risk Patients With Colorectal Cancer With Radiographic Occult Molecular Residual Di](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07071961/), [Regorafenib Alone or in Combination With Hypofractionated/Low-dose Radiotherapy Plus Toripalimab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05963490/), [Regorafenib Combined With Irinotecan Drug-Eluting Beads for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05794971/), [Regorafenib in Combination With Multimodal Metronomic Chemotherapy for Chemo-resistant Metastatic Colorectal Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06425133/), [Regorafenib With Low-dose Chemotherapies and Aspirin Followed by Standard Chemotherapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05462613/), [Retlirafusp Alfa Plus Targeted Therapy and Chemotherapy for Unresectable Colorectal Liver-Limited Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07815288/), [Riluzole For Preventing Cognitive Dysfunction in Ca Pts Receiving Chemo (REFOCUS): Pilot Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07447050/), [ROMANCE: "Irinotecan Plus Cetuximab Rechallenge Versus Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab in Molecularly Selected Metastatic Colorectal Cancer"](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07381764/), [rSIFN-co in Combination With Total Neo-adjuvant Therapy in Subjects With Mid-low Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07662278/), [S0820, Adenoma and Second Primary Prevention Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01349881/), [Sacituzumab Govitecan in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06243393/), [Safety and Efficacy of Fruquintinib Plus Chidamide and Sintilimab in the Third and Later Line Treatment of MSS/pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06685276/), [Safety and Efficacy of IB-FOLFIRI in BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07150247/), [Safety and Efficacy of PD-1 ± mFOLFOX6 Neoadjuvant Therapy in Local Advanced sMPCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06002789/), [Safety and Efficacy of Tegavivint in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07463599/), [Safety of a Boost (CXB or EBRT) in Combination With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Early Rectal Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02505750/), [Safety of Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Patients With Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency Diagnosed With Metastatic Colorectal or Gastroesophageal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06245356/), [Savolitinib Plus Cetuximab and FOLFOX Chemotherapy for RAS/BRAF Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07683403/), [SBRT + PD-1 Antibody in Unresectable Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer（SPARKLE）](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06767007/), [SBRT + PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06794086/), [SBRT Combined With CAPEOX, Bevacizumab, and PD-1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of RAS-Mutant, MSS-Type, Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06835179/), [SBRT Combined With Fruquintinib Plus PD-1/CTLA-4 Antibody for Third-line Treatment in mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05747716/), [SBRT Followed by PD-1 Inhibitor, Bevacizumab and TAS-102 as Third-Line Therapy for Recurrent/Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07535632/), [SCRT + Chemo Targeted Immuno-neoadjuvant Therapy for High-risk pMMR/MSS RC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07549399/), [SCRT Based iTNT vs. LCRT Based TNT for MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07551479/), [SCRT Combined With CAPOX and PD-1/CTLA4 Antibody for Early-stage Low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07837362/), [SCRT Combined With Chemotherapy and Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab in MSS or pMMR Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06864013/), [SCRT Followed by AK112 in pMMR/MSS Mid-low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07162714/), [SCRT Followed by CAPOX + Bev ± PD-1 Inhibitor for TNT in LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07198165/), [SCRT Sequential Penpulimab in Combination With CAPEOX in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05576480/), [SCRT VS LCRT Followed by PD-L1 Inhibitor Plus CAPEOX as TNT in Patients With LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07284992/), [SCRT-CAPEOX-Serplulimab for MSS/pMMR Rectal Cancer With Oligometastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06850103/), [SCRT(Short Course Radiotherapy) Combined With CAPOX Plus QL1706 for Rectal Cancer Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06787183/), [Second-line Doublet Chemotherapy (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) Plus Fruquintinib Versus Doublet Chemotherapy (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) Plus Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07150403/), [Second-line Standard Treatment Sequential TAS-102 and Bevacizumab Combined With Local Treatment in Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06856187/), [Second-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06242067/), [Self-Management Survivorship Care in Stage I-III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer or Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04428905/), [Sequential Immunochemotherapy Treatment with Pembrolizumab Plus Dendritic Cell (DC) Vaccine Followed by Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab in Refractory Mi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06522919/), [Sequential TAS-OX Alternating With TAS-IRI Plus Bevacizumab for Late-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05806931/), [Serine/Glycine-Restricted Diet With Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07811076/), [Serplulimab Combined With CAPEOX + Celecoxib as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05731726/), [Serplulimab Combined With CAPOX and Bevacizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07819604/), [Serplulimab Plus Decitabine and CAPOX Before Surgery for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07691632/), [Short Course Radiotherapy Followed by CAPOX and Carrilizumab and Bevacizumab or Cetuximab for the Initial Treatment of Unresectable Metastatic Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07059949/), [Short RT Versus RCT,Followed by Chemo and Organ Preservation for Interm and High-risk Rectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04246684/), [Short-Course Online Adaptive Radiotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy as Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) for Locally Advanced](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07581626/), [Short-course Radiation (SCRT) Followed by 6 Cycles of Cadonilimab Plus MFOLFOX6 As Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC):](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06832917/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Combined With CapeOx and PD-1 Inhibitor After Local Excision for High-risk Early Rectal Cancer (TORCH-LE)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06455124/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Combined With CAPOX and PD-1 Antibody Versus Long-course Chemoradiotherapy Combined With CAPOX for Early Low-lying Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06462053/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Mid-Low Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07397442/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Combined With Furoquintinib and PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06014944/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy Combined with Intracavitary Brachytherapy Followed by Pucotenlimab, Bevacizumab, Oxaliplatin, and Trifluridine/Tipiracil (TAS-102) for](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06872606/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by AK112 and CAPOX as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06802666/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by CAPOX and Ivonescimab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06760520/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by CAPOX With or Without Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab in pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07686640/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by Chemotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitor for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05484024/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by Fruquintinib Plus Adebrelimab and CAPOX in the Full Course Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: a Mult](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06234007/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy for Microsatellite Stable Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prospective, Randomiz](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07594925/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Camrelizumab in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (UNION)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04928807/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, HLX07and Serplulimab in LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06542588/), [Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by Sequential Chemotherapy With or Without PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody and Bevacizumab as Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in pMMR/MSS](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07005570/), [Short-course Radiotherapy in TNT Combined With Enlonstobart for pMMR LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07448077/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy With Tumor-Draining Lymph Node Preservation Followed by PD-1 Inhibitors in pMMR/MSS Stage II-III Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07394192/), [Short-Course Radiotherapy, Nal-IRI, Capecitabine, and Camrelizumab for Locally Advanced MSS Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07521605/), [Short-course RT Followed by NALIRIFOX Plus Pucotenlimab as Neoadjuvant Therapy for High-risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With MSS/pMMR](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07651007/), [Short-Course RT Plus CAPOX and Tislelizumab vs Long-Course CRT Plus Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07469306/), [SHR-1701 Combined with SHR2554 and BP102 for MCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06679673/), [SHR-1701 in Combination With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05300269/), [SHR-3821 in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: an Exploratory Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07515820/), [SHR-8068 Combined With Adbelizumab and BP102 in the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06373133/), [SHR-A1811 Combined with Apatinib in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma and Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06666166/), [SHR-A1904 in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: an Exploratory Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07700719/), [SIB-RT Combined With CAPOX and PD-1 for High-Risk Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07297030/), [Simultaneous Boost in Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07200141/), [Single cEll pRofiling PErsistaNce To ImmuNothErapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06680739/), [Single-arm, Phase II Clinical Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Sintilimab Combined With IBI-310 and Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally A](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07750951/), [Sintilimab in Combination with Cetuximab and Chemotherapy As First-line Treatment for RAS/BRAF Wild-type Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06776757/), [Sintilimab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in MSS/pMMR Colorectal With no Liver Metastasis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06973343/), [Sintilimab Plus Gossypol Acetate in Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07656766/), [Standard Dose Versus High Dose of Radiotherapy in Rectal Preservation With Chemo-radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04095299/), [Standard Second-line Therapy With ONgericimab and TOripalimab in pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer: a Single-arm Phase II Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07106034/), [Standard Systemic Therapy Combined With High/Low-dose Radiotherapy Plus Toripalimab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06525428/), [STAR-TREC](https://onco.cc/trials/star-trec/), [STELLAR (rectal cancer)](https://onco.cc/trials/stellar-rectal/), [Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Cancer, ID-COMET Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06563388/), [Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Unresectable Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02185443/), [Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07297004/), [Stereotactic Brain-directed Radiation With or Without Aguix Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles in Brain Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04899908/), [Stockholm III](https://onco.cc/trials/stockholm-iii/), [STREAM-2: Second-line Treatment With REgorafenib in Advanced RAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07213570/), [Study Evaluating the Tailored Management of Locally-advanced Rectal Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04749108/), [Study Evaluating Two Treatment Strategies for Rectal Cancer in Patients ≥75 Years Old](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07118800/), [Study in mCRC Patients RAS/BRAF wt Tissue and RAS Mutated LIquid BIopsy to Compare FOLFIRI Plus CetuxiMAb or BevacizumaB](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04776655/), [Study of Folfiri/Cetuximab in FcGammaRIIIa V/V Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03874026/), [Study of Fruquintinib Combined With Tegafur Gimeracil Oteracil in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06255379/), [Study of MRTX1133 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring a KRAS G12D Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05737706/), [Study of Safety/Feasibility of a Hybrid Model of Tertiary and Community Delivery of Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07201519/), [Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Combined With Tislelizumab, Liposomal Irinotecan, and Capecitabine in the Treatment of pMMR Locally](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07104604/), [Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cetuximab in Combination with Encorafenib Plus Binimetinib As Induction Treatment in BRAF V600E Mutated MSS Initial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06207656/), [Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of FOLFOX + Panitumumab Followed by FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab (Sequence 1) Versus FOLFOX + Bevacizumab Followed by FOLFIRI + Panitumu](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03635021/), [Study to Evaluate the Use of Capecitabine in Monotherapy and in Combination With Oxaliplatin in Elderly Patients as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced C](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06888843/), [Sulfasalazine in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06134388/), [Surgery Plus Chemo Versus Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery Plus Chemo for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04288999/), [Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/swedish-rectal-cancer-trial/), [Systemic Oxaliplatin or Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Combined With LV5FU2 +/- Irinotecan and an Target Therapy in First Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal C](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02885753/), [TAS-102 Combined With Bevacizumab for Second-line Maintenance Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06293014/), [TAS-102 With or Without Celecoxib in ctDNA-defined Minimal Residual Disease in Colorectal Cancer After Completion of Adjuvant Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05343013/), [Technical Feasibility of Modified Early Post-Operative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (mEPIC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05913674/), [Telehealth Intervention for Ostomy Self-Management](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06528990/), [Testing a Functional Precision Medicine Approach to Select Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COSENSE-1)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06907342/), [Testing Ivonescimab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancers Without Liver Metastases](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07359456/), [Testing the Addition of an Anti-Cancer Drug, Irinotecan, to the Standard Chemotherapy Treatment (FOLFOX) After Long-Course Radiation Therapy for Advanced-Stage](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05610163/), [Testing the Addition of Atezolizumab to Combination Chemotherapy or Atezolizumab Alone for Metastatic Colon or Rectal Cancer, the COMMIT Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02997228/), [Testing the Addition of Total Ablative Therapy to Usual Systemic Therapy Treatment for Limited Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, ERASur Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05673148/), [Testing the Combination of Anti-Cancer Drugs, Botensilimab (AGEN1181) and Balstilimab (AGEN2034), After Standard Treatment for Colorectal Cancer, Combat Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07551596/), [Testing the Combination of the Anti-Cancer Drugs Temozolomide and M1774 to Evaluate Their Safety and Effectiveness](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05691491/), [Testing the Effectiveness of the Anti-cancer Drug Pidnarulex (CX-5461), in Combination With Another Anti-cancer Drug Cemiplimab (REGN2810), in Treating Refracto](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07147231/), [Thalidomide Enhances Clinical Efficacy of Cetuximab Combined With Standard Chemotherapy for Left Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06279351/), [The Aim of This Study is to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Chidamide, Regorafenib in Combination With Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab for the Treatment of Advan](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06930118/), [The Combination of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05628038/), [The Combination of Immunotherapy and Neoadjuvant Short-course Radiotherapy in Early Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05555888/), [The Effects of Neoadjuvant Tislelizumab Combined With Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced MSS Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06254521/), [The Efficacy and Safety of IBI351, Cetuximab β Combined With FOLFIRI as First-line /IBI351, Cetuximab β as Second-line in the Treatment of KRAS G12C-mutated Met](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06959589/), [The Efficacy and Safety of Short-course Radiation Combined With Adebrelimab and CAPEOX Neo-adjuvant Therapy for Organ-retention in Patients With MSS/pMMR Ultra](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06266832/), [The Efficacy and Safety of TAS-102(Suyuan) Combined With Bevacizumab as First-line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06092242/), [The Efficacy of Primary Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) Surgery Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With TME Surgery in Low-risk Locally Advanced Rectal Ca](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05984485/), [The Impact of a Patient Decision Aid on Treatment Choices for Patients With an Unexpected Malignant Colorectal Polyp](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05776381/), [The Phase 1b/IIa, Open-label, Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of the Combination of HCB101, Cetuxi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07204574/), [The Possible Protective Role of Ketotifen Against Oxaliplatin Induced Peripheral Neuropathy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05624138/), [The Safety and Efficacy of Cetuximab Beta Plus Fruquintinib With or Without Immune Checkpoint Inhibitorrs in First-line Treatment of RAS/BRAF Wild Type Unresect](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07257653/), [The Study of JMT101 Combined With Irinotecan as a ≥3rd-Line Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07134205/), [The Use of Indocyanine Green Near-infrared Fluorescence for Bowel Perfusion Quantitative Assessment in Order to Prevent Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Surger](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06845306/), [Thymosin-alpha 1 for Adjuvant Treatment After Radical Resection of High-risk Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05086614/), [Tislelizumab Combined With Chemotherapy (CAPOX) in the Perioperative Treatment of MSI-H/dMMR Stage II or III Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05841134/), [Tislelizumab in People With Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06529523/), [TNT of SCRT+CAPOX vs SCRT+CAPOXIRI for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05646511/), [To Evaluate Dose and Safety of NanoEcho Particle-1 Using NanoEcho Imaging Device Examinations of Rectal Lymph Nodes in Healthy Volunteers and Rectal Cancer Patients.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06693375/), [To Explore the Efficacy of Sintilimab Combined With Bevacizumab in Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06808412/), [Toripalimab Plus Celecoxib for dMMR/MSI-H Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06903858/), [Total Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Plus Anti-PD-1 in Subperitoneal Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal CancerPatients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05998122/), [Total Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 Plus Suvemcitug and Enlonstobart With Selective Omission of Pelvic Radiotherapy for High-Risk Mid-Rectal Locally Advanced Rectal Canc](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07810114/), [Total Neoadjuvant Therapy and Organ Preservation Versus Surgery for Rectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06758830/), [Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06162650/), [Total Neoadjuvant Therapy With mFOLFOX and Short-course Radiation in Resectable Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04643366/), [Total Neoadjuvant Therapy With PD-1 for Locally Advcancer Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07214142/), [Total Neoadjuvant Treatment ±Immunotherapy for High Risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (TNTi)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06229041/), [Total Neoadjuvant Treatment for pMMR Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer: Anti-PD-1 Antibody With FOLFOXIRI and Preoperative Radiation Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06099951/), [Total Neoadjuvant Treatment With or Without Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06940388/), [Tovecimig Plus FOLFIRI in Second Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07662031/), [Treating Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With TAS-102 Chemotherapy Plus Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05965531/), [Treatment of Rectal Cancer With Long-term Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Camrelizumab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06304545/), [Trial of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)-Based Therapy in Combination With Fruquintinib in Patients With Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07042685/), [Trial of AMB-05X for Patients With ctDNA(+) Colorectal Cancer After Curative-intent Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06617858/), [Trial of Gum Chewing to Enhance the Restoration of Intestinal Motility in Colorectal Cancer Surgery](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06860685/), [Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Short and Long Course Radiation Therapy With/Without BMX-001](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05254327/), [Trial Utilizing Metronidazole to Optimize the Microbiome of Rectal Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Neoadjuvant Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06569368/), [Trifluridine/ Tipiracil Plus Panitumumab Versus Trifluridine/ Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab as First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05007132/), [Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Fruquintinib vs. Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07261709/), [Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Regorafenib vs Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab for Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06992648/), [Triplet Combination or Doublet Regimen Versus Chemoradiation as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03975049/), [Tumor Local Excision +Postoperative Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for T1-2N0M0 Low/Ultra-Low Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06949098/), [Umbrella Trial of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07503639/), [Upfront Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan Plus Capecitabine and Bevacizumab for Patients With HER-2 Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07407465/), [Vaccination with Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Autologous Tumour Homogenate After Curative Resection for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02919644/), [Vaginal DHEA to Improve Vaginal Health After Radiation for Women With Gynecologic, Anal or Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07407647/), [ValproIc Acid to Potentiate Anti-EGFR Treatment Efficacy and Prevent/Revert Resistance in Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06714357/), [Vitamin D3 With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04094688/), [Vitamin E Combined With Fruquintinib and Tislelizumab in Microsatellite Stabilized Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05771181/), [XELOX Plus DoSTARlimab Versus XELOX Alone as Consolidation Treatment After Standard Chemoradiation in pMMR/MSS or MSI-Low Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07381777/), [XP-102 and XP-102 in Combination With Trametinib in Advanced Solid Tumor Patients With a BRAF V600 Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05275374/), [XS-03 in Combination With FOLFOX or FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With RAS Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06936527/), [Y-90, Capecitabine, and Atezolizumab for Oligometastatic CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06555133/), [Yang et al. Anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 Dual Immunotherapy for LARC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07596290/), [Zanidatamab Before Surgery for the Treatment of HER2 Positive Colon and Rectal Cancer in Patients Planned for Curative Intent Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07405476/), [Zanzalintinib Alone or in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Berahyaluronidase Alfa in Participants With Colorectal Cancer With Molecular Residual Disease](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07750158/)
- people: [Andrea Cercek](https://onco.cc/people/andrea-cercek/), [Angelita Habr-Gama](https://onco.cc/people/angelita-habr-gama/), [David Sebag-Montefiore](https://onco.cc/people/david-sebag-montefiore/), [Dion Morton](https://onco.cc/people/dion-morton/), [Julio Garcia-Aguilar](https://onco.cc/people/julio-garcia-aguilar/), [Luis A. Diaz Jr.](https://onco.cc/people/luis-diaz/)
- key papers: [Colorectal cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1974-2013](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-siegel-colorectal-incidence-birth-cohort-jnci-2017/), [Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-siegel-colorectal-cancer-statistics-ca-2023/), [Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tcga-colorectal-comprehensive-characterization-nature-2012/), [Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer (Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-swedish-rectal-cancer-trial-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-1997/), [Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX and preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (UNICANCER-PRODIGE 23)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-conroy-prodige-23-neoadjuvant-folfirinox-rectal-lancet-oncol-2021/), [Nonoperative management of mismatch repair-deficient tumors](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cercek-nonoperative-management-mismatch-repair-deficient-tumours-nejm-2025/), [Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy: long-term results](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-habr-gama-nonoperative-stage-0-rectal-ann-surg-2004/), [Organ preservation in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with total neoadjuvant therapy (OPRA)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-garcia-aguilar-opra-organ-preservation-jco-2022/), [Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer (Dutch TME trial)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kapiteijn-dutch-tme-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-2001/), [Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sebag-montefiore-cr07-preoperative-radiotherapy-lancet-2009/), [PROSPECT: neoadjuvant FOLFOX with selective use of chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-prospect-nejm-2023/), [Rectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-esmo-rectal-cancer-guideline-ann-oncol-2017/), [Sauer 2004: chemoradiotherapy before rather than after surgery for rectal cancer (CAO/ARO/AIO-94)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sauer-preoperative-chemoradiotherapy-rectal-nejm-2004/), [Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bahadoer-rapido-short-course-radiotherapy-lancet-oncol-2021/), [The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery: the clue to pelvic recurrence?](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-heald-mesorectum-rectal-cancer-surgery-br-j-surg-1982/)
- ideas: [ctDNA-guided adjuvant therapy as the default in stage II-III colon cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-ctdna-guided-adjuvant-crc/), [Randomise organ preservation against surgery in mismatch repair-proficient rectal cancer, with bowel function as a co-primary endpoint](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-organ-preservation-randomised-in-pmmr-rectal/), [UK gap: shorten the route to diagnosis for patients below the screening age, where the rise in incidence is](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-uk-young-patient-referral-and-diagnostic-interval/)
- institutions: [Bowel Cancer UK](https://onco.cc/institutions/bowel-cancer-uk/), [Bowel Research UK](https://onco.cc/institutions/bowel-research-uk/), [Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/leeds-cancer-centre/), [Mount Vernon Cancer Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/mount-vernon-cancer-centre/), [University Hospitals Birmingham / University of Birmingham Cancer Research Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/birmingham-cancer-centre/)
- roadmaps: [Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/)
- biomarkers: [RAS wild-type (extended KRAS and NRAS testing)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/ras-wild-type/)

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