# R-ISS / R2-ISS staging

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/r-iss/  
OnCo record `r-iss` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

R-ISS is the myeloma staging system, combining blood markers with high-risk chromosome changes to predict outcome.

## Summary

Revised International Staging System (2015): β2-microglobulin, albumin, LDH and high-risk FISH (del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16)). R2-ISS (2022) adds 1q gain/amplification and weights factors. Median OS is not reached for stage I and ~4-5 years for stage III in older cohorts; modern quadruplets shift all groups.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-09-07
- Also known as: ISS; International Staging System; Revised International Staging System; R-ISS stage; ISS stage I; ISS stage II; ISS stage III; R-ISS stage III; beta-2 microglobulin; β2-microglobulin; beta-2-microglobulin; B2M; myeloma staging

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Staging
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Staging

## Connected records

- cancers: [Multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/cancers/multiple-myeloma/), [Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-eligible](https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-transplant-eligible/), [Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-ineligible](https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-transplant-ineligible/), [Smouldering multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/cancers/smouldering-myeloma/)
- people: [S. Vincent Rajkumar](https://onco.cc/people/vincent-rajkumar/)
- collections: [Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF)](https://onco.cc/collections/mmrf/)
- terms: [M-protein, immunofixation and serum free light chains](https://onco.cc/terms/m-protein-free-light-chains/)
- pathways: [Ubiquitin-proteasome system & protein homeostasis](https://onco.cc/pathways/ubiquitin-proteasome-system/)

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