# Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/  
OnCo record `myeloma-relapsed-refractory` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Myeloma almost always returns, and each return is harder to treat. Two kinds of immune therapy aimed at the BCMA protein on myeloma cells, CAR-T cells (KarMMa-3, CARTITUDE-4) and off-the-shelf bispecific antibodies (MajesTEC), now give deep remissions after other drugs fail, and a second target, GPRC5D, gives another option.

## Summary

Relapse is defined by a rising M-protein or light chains, and refractory disease by progression on or within 60 days of a treatment. Choice at each relapse depends on which classes the disease has already resisted: proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs and CD38 antibodies define triple-class exposure, and their five main members define penta-exposure. Early relapse after a lenalidomide-based first line is usually treated with a carfilzomib or pomalidomide triplet with a CD38 antibody, or with belantamab mafodotin combinations after DREAMM-7 (belantamab-bortezomib-dexamethasone versus daratumumab-bortezomib-dexamethasone, median progression-free survival 36.6 versus 13.4 months, hazard ratio 0.41, with a survival gain) and DREAMM-8 returned the antibody-drug conjugate to the market in 2025.

BCMA-directed T-cell therapies changed the outlook for later lines. Idecabtagene vicleucel was the first CAR-T approved (2021); KarMMa-3 then showed it beat standard regimens after two to four prior lines, median progression-free survival 13.3 versus 4.4 months (hazard ratio 0.49). Ciltacabtagene autoleucel produced responses in 98 percent of heavily pretreated patients in CARTITUDE-1, with a third still progression-free at five years without further treatment, and CARTITUDE-4 showed it after one to three prior lines cut progression or death by about three quarters (hazard ratio 0.26) and lengthened life (hazard ratio 0.55), moving CAR-T to second line in 2024. Bispecific antibodies give an off-the-shelf alternative: teclistamab (MajesTEC-1, response rate 63 percent, approved 2022), elranatamab (MagnetisMM-3, 61 percent) and linvoseltamab (LINKER-MM1, 70 percent, approved 2025) against BCMA, and talquetamab (MonumenTAL-1, about 73 percent, approved 2023) against GPRC5D, which works after BCMA therapy fails. MajesTEC-3 (2025) showed teclistamab with daratumumab beating standard combinations in early relapse.

The price is toxicity and logistics: cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity with both approaches, delayed neurological and Parkinsonian events with cilta-cel, profound infections and hypogammaglobulinaemia with continuous BCMA bispecifics requiring immunoglobulin replacement, taste and skin toxicity with talquetamab, and manufacturing slots and hospital capacity for CAR-T. Sequencing (CAR-T before or after bispecific, BCMA then GPRC5D), fixed-duration bispecific dosing, CELMoDs such as iberdomide and mezigdomide, and trispecific antibodies are the current frontier.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Also known as: RRMM; Relapsed myeloma; Triple-class refractory myeloma; Penta-refractory myeloma
- Tags: subtype-page
- Group: haematologic
- Burden: Almost everyone with myeloma relapses eventually; with each line of treatment remissions shorten, and until 2021 patients whose disease resisted the three main drug classes survived about a year.
- Subtypes: First relapse after lenalidomide-based therapy (lenalidomide-refractory); Early relapse, one to three prior lines (cilta-cel, CARTITUDE-4; belantamab combinations); Triple-class exposed or refractory myeloma (CAR-T, bispecifics); Penta-refractory myeloma; Relapse after BCMA-directed therapy (GPRC5D-directed talquetamab); Extramedullary relapse; Functional high-risk myeloma (relapse within 18 months of diagnosis)
- Biomarkers: Classes and agents the disease is refractory to; Time from last therapy and depth of prior response; BCMA and GPRC5D expression and BCMA loss after prior BCMA therapy; Soluble BCMA; Extramedullary disease on PET-CT; Cytogenetics at relapse (del(17p), 1q gain); Lymphocyte count and fitness for apheresis

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/#overview [3 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/#what-it-is [7 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/#finding-it [7 biomarkers]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/#treating-it [4 settings, 3 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/evidence/ [90 trials, 5 key papers, 7 milestones]
- Biology and targets (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/#science [10 targets]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/where-you-are/
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/#living-with-it [19 questions, 6 red cards]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/coming/ [17 medicines, 89 trials, 1 idea, 3 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/data/ [161 connected records]

## Standard of care

- First relapse, lenalidomide-refractory: Daratumumab or isatuximab with carfilzomib or pomalidomide and dexamethasone; belantamab mafodotin with bortezomib- or pomalidomide-dexamethasone (DREAMM-7, DREAMM-8); cilta-cel after one to three lines (CARTITUDE-4). ([Daratumumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/daratumumab/), [Isatuximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/isatuximab/), [Carfilzomib](https://onco.cc/drugs/carfilzomib/), [Pomalidomide](https://onco.cc/drugs/pomalidomide/), [Dexamethasone](https://onco.cc/drugs/dexamethasone/), [Belantamab mafodotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/belantamab-mafodotin/), [DREAMM-7](https://onco.cc/trials/dreamm-7/), [DREAMM-8](https://onco.cc/trials/dreamm-8/), [Ciltacabtagene autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/ciltacabtagene-autoleucel/), [CARTITUDE-4](https://onco.cc/trials/cartitude-4/))
- Triple-class exposed, two or more prior lines: BCMA CAR-T (cilta-cel or ide-cel, KarMMa-3) where slots and fitness allow; BCMA bispecific (teclistamab, elranatamab, linvoseltamab) otherwise; teclistamab-daratumumab (MajesTEC-3). ([Ciltacabtagene autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/ciltacabtagene-autoleucel/), [Idecabtagene vicleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/idecabtagene-vicleucel/), [KarMMa-3](https://onco.cc/trials/karmma-3/), [CARTITUDE-1](https://onco.cc/trials/cartitude-1/), [Teclistamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/teclistamab/), [Elranatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/elranatamab/), [Linvoseltamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/linvoseltamab/), [MajesTEC-1](https://onco.cc/trials/majestec-1/), [MajesTEC-3](https://onco.cc/trials/majestec-3/), [LINKER-MM1](https://onco.cc/trials/linker-mm1/), [MagnetisMM-3](https://onco.cc/trials/magnetismm-3/))
- After BCMA-directed therapy: Talquetamab against GPRC5D (MonumenTAL-1); selinexor combinations; CELMoDs and trispecifics in trials. ([Talquetamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/talquetamab/), [MonumenTAL-1](https://onco.cc/trials/monumental-1/), [Selinexor](https://onco.cc/drugs/selinexor/), [Iberdomide](https://onco.cc/drugs/iberdomide/), [Mezigdomide](https://onco.cc/drugs/mezigdomide/), [BCMA-directed therapy → GPRC5D-directed therapy](https://onco.cc/pairings/bcma-then-gprc5d/))
- Toxicity management: Step-up dosing and tocilizumab for cytokine release syndrome, immunoglobulin replacement and antimicrobial prophylaxis on bispecifics, neurological monitoring after cilta-cel, ocular examinations on belantamab. ([Step-up dosing (T-cell engagers)](https://onco.cc/terms/step-up-dosing/), [Cytokine release syndrome (CRS)](https://onco.cc/terms/crs/), [ICANS (neurotoxicity)](https://onco.cc/terms/icans/), [Caution: T-cell redirectors and infections](https://onco.cc/pairings/bispecific-infection-prophylaxis/))

## State of the art

- BCMA CAR-T now belongs in second line after CARTITUDE-4 lengthened life; a third of CARTITUDE-1 patients remain progression-free at five years after a single infusion.
- Four approved bispecific antibodies, three against BCMA and one against GPRC5D, give off-the-shelf immune therapy with response rates of 60 to 70 percent in heavily pretreated patients.
- Belantamab mafodotin returned in 2025 for early relapse with a survival gain in DREAMM-7.

## Open problems

- Sequencing CAR-T and bispecifics, and whether a second T-cell therapy works after the first.
- Infections on continuous BCMA bispecifics, and whether fixed-duration dosing is safe.
- CAR-T manufacturing capacity, slots and cost, and the patients who progress while waiting.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma
- NCCN Guidelines: Multiple Myeloma: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1445

## Connected records

- cancers: [Multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/cancers/multiple-myeloma/), [Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-eligible](https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-transplant-eligible/), [Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-ineligible](https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-transplant-ineligible/), [Plasma cell leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/plasma-cell-leukaemia/), [Smouldering multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/cancers/smouldering-myeloma/)
- technologies: [Autologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batch](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t-manufacturing-process/), [Bispecific antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/bispecific-antibody/), [CAR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t/), [Cereblon E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs)](https://onco.cc/technologies/celmods/), [T-cell engagers (bispecific)](https://onco.cc/technologies/t-cell-engager/)
- targets: [BCMA](https://onco.cc/targets/bcma/), [CD38](https://onco.cc/targets/cd38/), [Cereblon (CRBN)](https://onco.cc/targets/cereblon/), [Exportin-1 (XPO1)](https://onco.cc/targets/xpo1/), [FcRH5 (FCRL5)](https://onco.cc/targets/fcrh5/), [GPRC5D](https://onco.cc/targets/gprc5d/), [IKZF3 (Aiolos)](https://onco.cc/targets/ikzf3/)
- terms: [Cytokine release syndrome (CRS)](https://onco.cc/terms/crs/), [ICANS (neurotoxicity)](https://onco.cc/terms/icans/), [Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and CELMoDs](https://onco.cc/terms/imid/), [M-protein, immunofixation and serum free light chains](https://onco.cc/terms/m-protein-free-light-chains/), [MRD negativity (myeloma, 10⁻⁵ / 10⁻⁶)](https://onco.cc/terms/mrd-negativity-myeloma/), [Proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib)](https://onco.cc/terms/proteasome-inhibitor/), [Step-up dosing (T-cell engagers)](https://onco.cc/terms/step-up-dosing/), [t(11;14), cyclin D1 and SOX11](https://onco.cc/terms/cyclin-d1-t11-14/)
- trials: [a Clinical Research of BCMA-Targeted Prime CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Disease](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04776330/), [A Clinical Study Comparing SG301 Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone to Placebo Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06508983/), [A Clinical Trial of LBL-034 in Patients With Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06049290/), [A Modular, Phase I/II, Multicentre Study to Evaluate AZD4045, in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07681596/), [A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Controlled, Superiority Phase III Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of F182112 Versus Standard of Care in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07579234/), [A Phase 1b/2 Study of Sonrotoclax (BGB-11417) as Monotherapy and in Various Combinations With Dexamethasone Plus Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone Plus Darat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04973605/), [A Phase III Study of Eque-cel in Subjects With Len-refractory RRMM (FUMANBA-03)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06464991/), [A Study Comparing Anitocabtagene Autoleucel to Standard of Care Therapy in Participants With Relapsed/ Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06413498/), [A Study Comparing AZD0120, a Dual-targeted CAR-T Against B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) and CD19, Versus Standard Regimens in Participants With Rela](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07391657/), [A Study Comparing JNJ-79635322 and an Anti-B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)xCD3 Bispecific Antibody in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07258511/), [A Study Comparing JNJ-79635322 and Teclistamab in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07518186/), [A Study Comparing QLS32015 Monotherapy Versus Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone (Pd) or Selinexor, Dexamethasone (Sd) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07138209/), [A Study Comparing Talquetamab in Combination With Daratumumab or in Combination With Daratumumab and Pomalidomide Versus Daratumumab in Combination Wi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05455320/), [A Study Comparing Teclistamab Monotherapy Versus Pomalidomide, Bortezomib, Dexamethasone (PVd) or Carfilzomib, Dexamethasone (Kd) in Participants With](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05572515/), [A Study Designed to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Venetoclax Plus Dexamethasone (VenDex) Compared With Pomalidomide Plus Dexamethasone (PomDex) ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03539744/), [A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Cevostamab in Prior B Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)-Exposed Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05535244/), [A Study Evaluating the Prophylactic Use of Tocilizumab to Prevent Cytokine Release Syndrome With Ramantamig Administration in Participants With Relaps](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07589634/), [A Study of Aplidin (Plitidepsin) 3 h iv in Subjects With Relapsing or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00229203/), [A Study of C-CAR088 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05521802/), [A Study of CM336 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05299424/), [A Study of Combination Therapy With Venetoclax, Daratumumab and Dexamethasone (With and Without Bortezomib) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03314181/), [A Study of F182112 in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07312188/), [A Study of GC012F in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06235229/), [A Study of GR1803 Injection Versus Daratumumab, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone (DPd) in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07452198/), [A Study of IBI3003 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06083207/), [A Study of JNJ-79635322 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07266441/), [A Study of MBS314 in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06232096/), [A Study of Melphalan Flufenamide (Melflufen) Plus Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02963493/), [A Study of Melphalan Flufenamide (Melflufen)-Dex or Pomalidomide-dex for RRMM Patients Refractory to Lenalidomide](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03151811/), [A Study of mRNA-2808 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07116616/), [A Study of Selinexor (Seli) + Low-dose Dexamethasone (LDD) in Penta-refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM), Seli and Bortezomib + LDD in Triple-class Refrac](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04414475/), [A Study of the Combination of Talquetamab and Teclistamab in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04586426/), [A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-248 in Combination With Daratumumab in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (AMMADINA)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07742215/), [A Study of TNB-383B in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03933735/), [A Study of Venetoclax in Combination With Isatuximab and Dexamethasone for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06115135/), [A Study to Assess the Safety and Anti-Tumor Activity of REGN7945 in Combination With Linvoseltamab in Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Mult](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06669247/), [A Study to Compare Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous CT-P44 and Darzalex Faspro in Combination With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06952478/), [A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-986393 Versus Standard Regimens in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refractory and Lenalidomide-exposed Multiple Myeloma (QUINTESSENTIAL-2)](https://onco.cc/trials/quintessential-2/), [A Study to Determine the Recommended Dose and Schedule, and Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Mezigdomide in Combination With Elranatama](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06988488/), [A Study to Evaluate Mezigdomide in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone (MeziKD) Versus Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone (Kd) in Participants W](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05552976/), [A Study to Evaluate Mezigdomide, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (MEZIVd) Versus Pomalidomide, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (PVd) in Participants With Re](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05519085/), [A Study to Evaluate Safety, Drug Levels and Effectiveness of CC-92480 (BMS-986348) in Combination With Other Treatments in Participants With Relapsed ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05372354/), [A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Belantamab Mafodotin in Combination With Standard of Care in Participants With Relapsed-Refractory Mult](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07227311/), [A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Cemsidomide + Dexamethasone in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07284758/), [A Study to Investigate Subcutaneous Isatuximab in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Adult Participants With Relapsed and/or Refractory](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05704049/), [A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Elranatamab Alone and With Daratumumab in People With Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received Other Treatments](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05020236/), [A Trial to Learn How Well Linvoseltamab Works Compared to the Combination of Elotuzumab, Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for Adult Participants With Re](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05730036/), [A Trial to Study if REGN17372 in Combination With Linvoseltamab is Tolerable for Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07455851/), [AE-941 in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00022282/), [All Japanese Population: Belantamab Mafodotin Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone (Pd) Versus Bortezomib Plus Pd in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myelo](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06956170/), [An Open-Label Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-248 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06668792/), [Aplidin - Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01102426/), [AZD0120 in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (DURGA-1)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05850234/), [BCMA-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Disease](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04271644/), [CARTITUDE-1](https://onco.cc/trials/cartitude-1/), [CARTITUDE-4](https://onco.cc/trials/cartitude-4/), [Cevostamab in Combination With Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07555938/), [China Subpopulation: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Belantamab Mafodotin, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Versus Daratumumab, Bortezomib and Dexame](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06868654/), [Clinical Trial to Evaluate Zevor-cel (CT053) in Patients With Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (LUMMICAR STUDY 2)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03915184/), [DREAMM-7](https://onco.cc/trials/dreamm-7/), [DREAMM-8](https://onco.cc/trials/dreamm-8/), [Filgrastim With or Without Plerixafor in Treating Patients With Multiple Myeloma Previously Treated With Lenalidomide](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01301963/), [GR1803 Injection in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06566547/), [Human BCMA Targeted T Cells Injection（BCMA CAR-T）for Subjects With R/R MM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05594797/), [iMMagine-1](https://onco.cc/trials/immagine-1/), [Japan Expansion Cohort: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Belantamab Mafodotin, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Versus Daratumumab, Bortezomib and Dex](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06868667/), [KarMMa-3](https://onco.cc/trials/karmma-3/), [LINKER-MM1](https://onco.cc/trials/linker-mm1/), [MagnetisMM-3](https://onco.cc/trials/magnetismm-3/), [MagnetisMM-32: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called Elranatamab in People With Multiple Myeloma (MM) That Has Come Back After Taking Other](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06152575/), [MajesTEC-1](https://onco.cc/trials/majestec-1/), [MajesTEC-3](https://onco.cc/trials/majestec-3/), [MonumenTAL-1](https://onco.cc/trials/monumental-1/), [Open-label Study Comparing Iberdomide, Daratumumab and Dexamethasone (IberDd) Versus Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (DVd) in Participants ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04975997/), [Platform Study of Belantamab Mafodotin as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-cancer Treatments in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04126200/), [Purinostat Mesylate Combined With Pomalidomide Capsules and Low-dose Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06484829/), [Safety and Efficacy Study of An Anti-CD38 Antibody Drug Conjugate in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05565807/), [Study Assessing Activity of Intravenous (IV) Etentamig Monotherapy Versus Standard Available Therapies in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refracto](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06158841/), [Study of Arlocabtagene Autoleucel (BMS-986393) a GPRC5D-directed CAR T Cell Therapy in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06297226/), [Study of ISB 2001 in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (TRIgnite-1)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05862012/), [Study of Melflufen (Melphalan Flufenamide) in Combination With Daratumumab in Relapsed-Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04649060/), [Study of Single Agent Belantamab Mafodotin Versus Pomalidomide Plus Low-dose Dexamethasone (Pom/Dex) in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04162210/), [Study of Venetoclax in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02899052/), [Study to Assess Safety of HDP-101 in Patients With Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04879043/), [Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) as Monotherapy and in Combination With Nirogacestat, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Participants Wi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07150104/), [Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Feladilimab (GSK3359609) in Participants With RRMM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07217119/), [Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Isatuximab in Participants With RRMM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07217184/), [Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Nirogacestat in Participants With RRMM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07084896/), [Sub-study of Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) in Combination With Nirogacestat, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Participants With RRMM](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07150091/), [To Evaluate the Safety of SG2918 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07454187/)
- key papers: [CARTITUDE-4: cilta-cel CAR-T versus standard combinations after one to three prior lines of myeloma therapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cartitude-4-cilta-cel-nejm-2023/), [KarMMa-3: ide-cel CAR-T versus standard regimens in triple-class-exposed relapsed myeloma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-karmma-3-ide-cel-nejm-2023/), [MajesTEC-1: teclistamab, an off-the-shelf BCMA bispecific antibody, in heavily pretreated myeloma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-majestec-1-teclistamab-nejm-2022/), [MonumenTAL-1: talquetamab, a GPRC5D-directed bispecific antibody for relapsed multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-monumental-1-talquetamab-nejm-2022/), [Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) for multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-r-iss-palumbo-jco-2015/)
- drugs: [Arlocabtagene Autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/arlocabtagene-autoleucel/), [Belantamab mafodotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/belantamab-mafodotin/), [Bortezomib](https://onco.cc/drugs/bortezomib/), [Carfilzomib](https://onco.cc/drugs/carfilzomib/), [Ciltacabtagene autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/ciltacabtagene-autoleucel/), [Daratumumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/daratumumab/), [Dexamethasone](https://onco.cc/drugs/dexamethasone/), [Elranatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/elranatamab/), [Iberdomide](https://onco.cc/drugs/iberdomide/), [Idecabtagene vicleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/idecabtagene-vicleucel/), [Isatuximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/isatuximab/), [Linvoseltamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/linvoseltamab/), [Mezigdomide](https://onco.cc/drugs/mezigdomide/), [Pomalidomide](https://onco.cc/drugs/pomalidomide/), [Selinexor](https://onco.cc/drugs/selinexor/), [Talquetamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/talquetamab/), [Teclistamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/teclistamab/)
- ideas: [Plan the second CAR-T target before the first one is lost](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio1-adaptive-car-antigen-switch/)
- pairings: [BCMA-directed therapy → GPRC5D-directed therapy](https://onco.cc/pairings/bcma-then-gprc5d/), [Caution: T-cell redirectors and infections](https://onco.cc/pairings/bispecific-infection-prophylaxis/)
- biomarkers: [BCMA expression](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/bcma-expression/), [CD38 expression](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/cd38-expression/), [FcRH5 expression](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/fcrh5-expression/), [GPRC5D expression](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/gprc5d-expression/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/myeloma-relapsed-refractory.json