# Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/  
OnCo record `intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma starts in the small bile ducts inside the liver and usually appears as a liver mass rather than causing jaundice. It is the biliary cancer with the most drug targets: FGFR2 fusions treated with pemigatinib or futibatinib, IDH1 mutations with ivosidenib, and for everyone chemotherapy with the immunotherapy durvalumab or pembrolizumab.

## Summary

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma arises from the bile ducts beyond the second-order branches within the liver and presents as a mass, often found incidentally or with vague pain and weight loss, in contrast to the jaundice of extrahepatic tumours. Risk factors include cirrhosis, hepatitis B and C, primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver flukes in Thailand and neighbouring countries, and hepatolithiasis, but most cases in the West have none. Its genome differs from that of the rest of the biliary tree: FGFR2 fusions occur in about 10 to 15 percent, IDH1 mutations in about 15 percent, and BAP1 and ARID1A mutations are common, whereas KRAS and HER2 alterations are less frequent than in extrahepatic disease, so comprehensive sequencing at diagnosis is standard.

Resection is the only cure and is possible in a minority; hepatectomy with lymph node dissection is followed by six months of capecitabine after the BILCAP trial, whose per-protocol analysis showed longer survival. Recurrence is common. Liver transplantation for very early tumours in cirrhotic livers and after chemotherapy for locally advanced disease is under study, and for unresectable liver-confined disease radioembolisation, stereotactic radiotherapy and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy are used in specialised centres.

For advanced disease gemcitabine with cisplatin (ABC-02, 2010) was the standard for a decade until TOPAZ-1 (2022) added durvalumab and KEYNOTE-966 (2023) added pembrolizumab, each modestly improving survival and producing a tail of long-term responders. After chemotherapy, targeted drugs matched to the tumour's mutation are given: pemigatinib (FIGHT-202, response rate 36 percent) and futibatinib (FOENIX-CCA2, response rate 42 percent) for FGFR2 fusions, and ivosidenib for IDH1 mutations, which in ClarIDHy extended progression-free survival from 1.4 to 2.7 months and gave a survival benefit once crossover was accounted for. Acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors through gatekeeper mutations is tracked with circulating tumour DNA, and next-generation FGFR2 inhibitors such as tinengotinib are in trials.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Also known as: iCCA; Intrahepatic bile duct cancer; Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma; Mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma
- Tags: subtype-page
- Group: gastrointestinal
- Burden: Bile duct cancer arising within the liver, the second commonest primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma and rising in incidence worldwide; it carries most of the targetable mutations in biliary cancer, with FGFR2 fusions in about one in eight and IDH1 mutations in about one in seven.
- Subtypes: Mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (most); Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion (pemigatinib, futibatinib); Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with IDH1 mutation (ivosidenib); Small-duct versus large-duct type; Fluke-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma
- Biomarkers: FGFR2 fusions and rearrangements (RNA or DNA sequencing); IDH1 mutation; BAP1, ARID1A and PBRM1 (small-duct type); HER2, BRAF V600E, NRG1 and microsatellite instability (less common); CA 19-9 for monitoring; Circulating tumour DNA for resistance mutations under FGFR inhibition

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/#overview [3 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/#what-it-is [6 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/#finding-it [6 biomarkers]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/#treating-it [7 settings, 5 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/evidence/ [86 trials, 5 key papers, 6 milestones]
- Biology and targets (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/#science [5 targets]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/where-you-are/
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/#living-with-it [25 questions, 6 red cards]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/coming/ [10 medicines, 84 trials, 1 idea, 3 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/data/ [141 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Diagnosis: Contrast MRI and CT, biopsy, and comprehensive genomic profiling including RNA-based fusion detection for every patient. ([MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/), [CT (computed tomography)](https://onco.cc/technologies/ct/), [Comprehensive genomic profiling](https://onco.cc/technologies/cgp/), [Next-generation sequencing (NGS)](https://onco.cc/terms/ngs/), [FGFR2 fusions and rearrangements](https://onco.cc/terms/fgfr2-fusion/))
- Resectable: Hepatectomy with lymph node dissection followed by six months of adjuvant capecitabine (BILCAP). ([Hepatectomy (liver resection)](https://onco.cc/terms/hepatectomy/), [Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection)](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphadenectomy/), [BILCAP](https://onco.cc/trials/bilcap/), [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/))
- Unresectable, liver-confined: Radioembolisation, stereotactic radiotherapy or hepatic artery infusion in specialised centres, usually with systemic therapy; liver transplantation in trials. ([Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radioembolisation-tare/), [SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/sbrt/), [Liver transplantation for cancer (Milan criteria and beyond)](https://onco.cc/technologies/liver-transplant-oncology/))
- Advanced, first line: Gemcitabine and cisplatin with durvalumab (TOPAZ-1) or pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-966). ([TOPAZ-1](https://onco.cc/trials/topaz-1/), [KEYNOTE-966](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-966/), [ABC-02](https://onco.cc/trials/abc-02/), [Gemcitabine + cisplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/gemcitabine-cisplatin/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Gemcitabine-cisplatin + PD-(L)1 blockade in biliary cancer](https://onco.cc/pairings/gemcis-plus-io-btc/))
- Advanced, FGFR2 fusion after chemotherapy: Pemigatinib (FIGHT-202) or futibatinib (FOENIX-CCA2); management of hyperphosphataemia and eye toxicity. ([Pemigatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/pemigatinib/), [Futibatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/futibatinib/), [FIGHT-202](https://onco.cc/trials/fight-202/), [FOENIX-CCA2](https://onco.cc/trials/foenix-cca2/), [FGFR2](https://onco.cc/targets/fgfr2/), [FGFR2 fusions and rearrangements](https://onco.cc/terms/fgfr2-fusion/))
- Advanced, IDH1 mutation after chemotherapy: Ivosidenib (ClarIDHy). ([Ivosidenib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ivosidenib/), [ClarIDHy](https://onco.cc/trials/claridhy/), [IDH1 / IDH2](https://onco.cc/targets/idh/))
- Second line without a target: FOLFOX (ABC-06); trials. ([FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/))

## State of the art

- Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was the first gastrointestinal cancer with an approved FGFR inhibitor and the first solid tumour with an approved IDH1 inhibitor.
- Immunotherapy added to gemcitabine-cisplatin is now first-line standard across biliary cancers.
- Tracking resistance with circulating tumour DNA and switching FGFR inhibitors is becoming routine in specialist centres.

## Open problems

- Most patients present unresectable, and recurrence after resection is common.
- FGFR inhibitor resistance develops within a year through kinase domain mutations.
- Rising incidence in Western countries without a clear cause.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma
- FIGHT-202 (Lancet Oncology 2020): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32203698/
- ClarIDHy (Lancet Oncology 2020): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32416072/
- FOENIX-CCA2 (NEJM 2023): https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2206834
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma

## Connected records

- cancers: [Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/), [Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (perihilar and distal)](https://onco.cc/cancers/extrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/)
- trials: [A Clinical Study of TQB3454 Tablets in the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05987358/), [A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-label Phase Ib/II Study of Celecoxib Plus Pembrolizumab and Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Versus Pembrolizumab and Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Patients With CK5/6-High Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07632235/), [A Phase II Exploratory Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Combined With Envafolimab for TROP2-Positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers Previously Treated With First-Line Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07729033/), [A Phase II Study of GV20-0251 in Combination With Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced, or Metastatic Solid Tumors.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07623642/), [A Phase II Study of Pemigatinib Plus Durvalumab in Previously Treated Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients With FGFR-2 Fusion or Rearrangement](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06728410/), [A Phase IIb Randomized Clinical Trial of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-based Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07269158/), [A Prospective, Single-Arm, Phase II Study: PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody + Chemoradiotherapy as Bridge Therapy to Liver Transplantation for Locally Advanced Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (ACHIEVE-LT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07471165/), [A Randomized, Two-cohort, Prospective Phase II Clinical Study of the Second-line Treatment of Advanced Biliary System Tumors With Liposomal Irinotecan (II) Combination Regimen](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07099794/), [A Study of an FGFR2/3 Inhibitor (CGT4859) in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma and Other Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06777316/), [A Study to See the Effects That a New Combination of the Three Drugs, Nab-paclitaxel, Gemcitabine, and Cisplatin Has on Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02632305/), [ABC-02](https://onco.cc/trials/abc-02/), [ABC-06](https://onco.cc/trials/abc-06/), [ACTICCA-1](https://onco.cc/trials/acticca-1/), [Adebrelimab Combined With Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Simvastatin for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07392541/), [Adjuvant Chemotherapy for BTC Based on 3D-PTA](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07296666/), [Adoptive Transfer of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03801083/), [Alternating Chemo-immunotherapy and FGFR Inhibitor for FGFR-positive Biliary or Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07780838/), [Alternating HAIC and Systemic Chemotherapy With or Without Adebrelimab and Apatinib for Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07569679/), [An Exploratory Study on the Use of Ivosidenib for the Precise Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Malignancies With IDH1 Mutations in the Later Line of Therapy.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07282262/), [ASCOT (JCOG1202)](https://onco.cc/trials/ascot-jcog1202/), [Becotatug Vedotin Plus Pucotenlimab for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer, Phase II](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07649980/), [BILCAP](https://onco.cc/trials/bilcap/), [Cadonilimab Combined With Liposomal Irinotecan Plus Leucovorin and Fluorouracil for Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06438822/), [Chemotherapy Combined With Adebrelimab and Apatinib as the Perioperative Treatment in Patients With Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06280508/), [Chidamide Combined With Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07570849/), [CisPlatin plUs Gemcitabine and Nabpaclitaxel (GAP) as pReoperative Chemotherapy Versus Immediate Resection in patIents With resecTable BiliarY Tract Cancers (BTC) at High Risk for Recurrence](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06037980/), [ClarIDHy](https://onco.cc/trials/claridhy/), [Combination Immunotherapy in Rare Cancers Under InvesTigation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04969887/), [ComboMATCH: FOLFOX with or without binimetinib in second-line biliary tract cancer with MAPK pathway alterations](https://onco.cc/trials/combomatch-binimetinib-folfox/), [Disitamab Vedotin Plus Lenvatinib and PD-1 Inhibitors for Treating HER2-positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07159217/), [Domvanalimab and Zimberelimab in Advanced Liver Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05724563/), [Durvalumab Combined With S-1 as Adjuvant Therapy of Resectable BTC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06490107/), [EA2197 ivonescimab: ivonescimab with gemcitabine and cisplatin versus standard chemo-immunotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/ea2197-ivonescimab/), [Efficacy and Safety of SBRT Plus Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Sintilimab as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07638501/), [Envafolimab With Chemotherapy and Simvastatin in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07003815/), [Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Combined With Pucotenlimab in the Treatment of Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07105852/), [FIGHT-202](https://onco.cc/trials/fight-202/), [FIGHT-302](https://onco.cc/trials/fight-302/), [FIRST-308](https://onco.cc/trials/first-308/), [First-line Trastuzumab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Nivolumab in Advanced HER2- Positive Biliary Tract Cancer: a Multicenter, Open-label, Single-arm Phase Ib/II Trial (HERBOT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05749900/), [FOENIX-CCA2](https://onco.cc/trials/foenix-cca2/), [Gem+Nab-P+LEN+TIS for Advanced Unresectable BTC (GALENT-BT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06963060/), [HAIC+Adebrelimab+Lenvatinib for Conversion Treatment of Potentially Resectable, Locally Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06389500/), [HERIZON-BTC-01](https://onco.cc/trials/herizon-btc-01/), [Immunotherapy Combined With Y-90 SIRT Therapy in Advanced Stage Intrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04238637/), [Investigating Precision Medicine in the Adjuvant Setting in Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07745296/), [Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab Injection Combined With GemOX and Lenvatinib as Conversion Therapy for Initially Potentially Resectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07263360/), [KEYNOTE-966](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-966/), [KN026 Plus Chemotherapy ± KN-046 in HER2 Positive Colorectal Cancer and Biliary Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05985707/), [Lenvatinib Plus Paclitaxel for Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer Who Failed to Gemcitabine-based Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05170438/), [Ligufalimab and Cadonilimab in Advanced Liver Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06789848/), [Liposomal Irinotecan Plus 5-FU/LV and Sintilimab With Sequential SBRT for Locally Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07797816/), [mFOLFOX/mFOLFIRI vs. mFOLFOX in Advanced or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancer Second-line](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07062536/), [Neoadjuvant Tislelizumab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and S-1 for Resectable High-risk Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06903273/), [Olaparib With or Without Durvalumab for DDR Gene Mutated Biliary Tract Cancer Following Platinum-based Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05222971/), [PD-L1 Antibody Combined With CTLA-4 Antibody for Patients With Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Who Progressed After Standard Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04634058/), [Pembrolizumab With or Without Lenvatinib or Chemotherapy in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06230471/), [Pemigatinib Combined With Durvalumab for Previously Treated Biliary Tract Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06530823/), [Perioperative Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Pembrolizumab in Potentially Resectable Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06001658/), [Phase 2 Study of Daraxonrasib in Recurrent KRAS-Mutant Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07793253/), [Phase II Clinical Study of GemOX Hepatic Arterial Infusion Combined with Lenvatinib and Toripalimab for Advanced and Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06852287/), [Phase II Study of Trastuzumab Rezetecan Combined With Adebrelimab and Lenvatinib as First-Line Therapy for Advanced HER2-Positive/HER2-Low Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07670273/), [Phase II Study of Trastuzumab Rezetecan Combined With Adebrelimab and Lenvatinib in Advanced HER2-Positive/Low-Expression Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07704177/), [Polymeric Micellar Paclitaxel-Based Combination Therapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07159204/), [Precision Integrated Strategies and Efficacy Evaluation for Biliary Tract Cancers: An Umbrella Platform Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07729917/), [QL1706 Combined With Lenvatinib and GEMOX as First - Line Treatment for Unresectable Biliary Tract Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06892925/), [QL1706（Iparomlimab/Tuvonralimab) Combined With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as First-Line Treatment for PD-L1-Positive Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07733115/), [SAFIR-ABC10](https://onco.cc/trials/safir-abc10/), [Sequential Anti-Angiogenic Therapy After Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07025174/), [SEVILLA](https://onco.cc/trials/sevilla/), [Sintilimab Combined With Ipilimumab (N01) Plus AG as First-line Therapy for uBTC.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07654530/), [Sintilimab Plus NALIRIFOX or Gemcitabine-Cisplatin as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07831993/), [Study of Becotatug Vedotin Added to Standard Treatment for Advanced Bile Duct Cancer With EGFR Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07598318/), [Study on Sequential Cryoablation, Relaforp Alpha, and Chemotherapy for Bile Duct Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07726446/), [SWOG S1815](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s1815/), [Testing A New Combination of Anti-cancer Immune Therapies, Atezolizumab and CDX-1127 (Varlilumab) With or Without the Addition of a Third Anti-cancer Drug, Cobimetinib, for Advanced-Stage Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04941287/), [Testing Mitazalimab in Combination With Standard Chemotherapy in Immunotherapy Resistant Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07437287/), [The Effect of [18F] F-FAPI PET-CT on Management in Patients With Proximal Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06355427/), [The Efficacy and Safety of Pucotenlimab (PD-1) Combined With Becotatugvedotin (EGFR-ADC) in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07514533/), [The Purpose of This Research Study is to See if Combining Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Durvalumab Chemotherapy Treatments With a Direct Tumor Therapy Yittrium-90 (Y-90) Will Work Better Together to Shrink Tumors and Control Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05422690/), [The Purpose of This Trial is to Determine if Regorafenib Plus Durvalumab (MEDI4736) is Safe and Effective in Treatment of Chemo Refractory Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04781192/), [The Safety and Efficacy of Benmelstobart Injection in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Malignant Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07109167/), [TOPAZ-1](https://onco.cc/trials/topaz-1/), [Trastuzumab Plus Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone in First-line HER2 Positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07062263/), [Trastuzumab Rezetecan Combined With Pertuzumab and Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab for Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07129018/), [Trial Comparing Standard of Care Therapy With and Without Sequential Cytoreductive Intervention for Patients With Metastatic Foregut Adenocarcinoma and Undetectable Circulating Tumor-Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (ctDNA) Levels](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07282912/)
- key papers: [BILCAP: capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bilcap-lancet-oncol-2019/), [Biliary cancer: utility of next-generation sequencing for clinical management](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-javle-biliary-ngs-cancer-2016/), [FIGHT-202: pemigatinib for previously treated cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-fight-202-pemigatinib-lancet-oncol-2020/), [KEYNOTE-966: pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin for advanced biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-keynote-966-lancet-2023/), [TOPAZ-1: durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-topaz-1-nejm-evidence-2022/)
- drugs: [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [Futibatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/futibatinib/), [Gemcitabine + cisplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/gemcitabine-cisplatin/), [Ivosidenib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ivosidenib/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Pemigatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/pemigatinib/), [Tinengotinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/tinengotinib/), [Zanidatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab/)
- ideas: [ctDNA-guided switching among FGFR inhibitors](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-btc-ctdna-fgfr-resistance/)
- technologies: [Comprehensive genomic profiling](https://onco.cc/technologies/cgp/), [CT (computed tomography)](https://onco.cc/technologies/ct/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/), [Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)](https://onco.cc/technologies/liquid-biopsy/), [Liver transplantation for cancer (Milan criteria and beyond)](https://onco.cc/technologies/liver-transplant-oncology/), [MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/), [Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radioembolisation-tare/), [SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/sbrt/)
- terms: [BAP1 loss](https://onco.cc/terms/bap1-loss/), [FGFR2 fusions and rearrangements](https://onco.cc/terms/fgfr2-fusion/), [Hepatectomy (liver resection)](https://onco.cc/terms/hepatectomy/), [Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection)](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphadenectomy/), [Next-generation sequencing (NGS)](https://onco.cc/terms/ngs/)
- pairings: [Gemcitabine-cisplatin + PD-(L)1 blockade in biliary cancer](https://onco.cc/pairings/gemcis-plus-io-btc/)
- targets: [FGFR2](https://onco.cc/targets/fgfr2/), [IDH1 / IDH2](https://onco.cc/targets/idh/)
- people: [Andrew X. Zhu](https://onco.cc/people/andrew-zhu/), [John N. Primrose](https://onco.cc/people/john-primrose/), [Robin Kate Kelley](https://onco.cc/people/robin-kate-kelley/)
- biomarkers: [FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/fgfr2-fusion-rearrangement/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma.json