# t(11;14), cyclin D1 and SOX11

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/cyclin-d1-t11-14/  
OnCo record `cyclin-d1-t11-14` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

The t(11;14) translocation parks the cyclin D1 gene next to the antibody gene's accelerator, flooding the cell with a protein that pushes it through division; a brown nuclear stain for cyclin D1 (plus SOX11) is how mantle cell lymphoma is confirmed, and in myeloma the same translocation marks the patients who respond to venetoclax.

## Summary

What is measured: the IGH::CCND1 translocation and the proteins that go with it. How: cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry (nuclear staining in over 95 percent of mantle cell lymphomas; the rare negatives carry CCND2 or CCND3 rearrangements and are caught by SOX11 positivity), FISH for CCND1::IGH on tissue, blood or marrow, karyotype, and SOX11 immunohistochemistry, which is positive in classic nodal mantle cell lymphoma and negative in the indolent leukaemic non-nodal form (IGHV-mutated, often CD5-negative). In myeloma, FISH panels find t(11;14) in 15 to 20 percent, a standard-risk lesion whose cells depend on BCL2, and more often in AL amyloidosis and plasma cell leukaemia. What a result changes: it separates mantle cell lymphoma from CLL and small lymphocytic lymphoma (cyclin D1-negative, LEF1-positive) and follicular lymphoma; SOX11-negative leukaemic non-nodal disease can often be observed; in myeloma, t(11;14) selects patients for venetoclax-based regimens (a BELLINI subgroup, CANOVA, and NCCN listing off label) and predicts BCL2-inhibitor response in AL amyloidosis. Where it matters: mantle cell lymphoma, plasma cell leukaemia and relapsed myeloma.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Also known as: t(11;14)(q13;q32); CCND1 translocation; CCND1::IGH; IGH::CCND1; cyclin D1; cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry; cyclin D1-positive; cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma; SOX11; SOX11-negative; leukaemic non-nodal mantle cell lymphoma; t(11;14) myeloma; CCND1-translocated myeloma

## Notes

- Mantle cell lymphoma: the translocation is the first hit and everything else is secondary. The t(11;14)(q13;q32) involving cyclin D1 is considered the first oncogenic hit found in virtually all mantle cell lymphomas, and SOX11 is overexpressed in the majority of conventional cases including the cyclin D1-negative ones but absent from the indolent leukaemic non-nodal form (Bea and Amador 2017). What makes a case aggressive is what it acquired afterwards: whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing of 29 cases with targeted validation in 172 more identified 25 significantly mutated genes, among them ATM, CCND1 itself, TP53, BIRC3, TLR2, WHSC1, KMT2D and MEF2B, with NOTCH2 mutations appearing as an alternative to NOTCH1 in the most aggressive tumours, and subclonal heterogeneity present at diagnosis between different sites in the same patient (Bea 2013). The prognostic weight sits with TP53 rather than with the translocation: in 183 younger patients, TP53 mutation carried a hazard ratio of 6.2 for overall survival and a median overall survival of 1.8 years against 12.7 years (Eskelund 2017).

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin_D1
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin_D1
- Bea and Amador, Curr Oncol Rep 2017: SOX11 and the genetic events that cooperate with cyclin D1 in mantle cell lymphoma: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-017-0598-1
- Bea et al., PNAS 2013: the landscape of somatic mutations and clonal evolution in mantle cell lymphoma (29 genomes or exomes, 172 validation cases): https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314608110
- Eskelund et al., Blood 2017: TP53 mutations in 183 younger mantle cell lymphoma patients from Nordic MCL2 and MCL3: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-04-779736

## Connected records

- terms: [Cytogenetics and karyotype](https://onco.cc/terms/cytogenetics/), [FISH / ISH (in situ hybridisation)](https://onco.cc/terms/fish/), [High-risk cytogenetics (myeloma)](https://onco.cc/terms/high-risk-myeloma/), [Immunohistochemistry (IHC)](https://onco.cc/terms/ihc/), [MIPI (Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index)](https://onco.cc/terms/mipi/)
- targets: [ATM](https://onco.cc/targets/atm/), [BCL-2](https://onco.cc/targets/bcl2/), [CCND1](https://onco.cc/targets/ccnd1/), [CDK4/6](https://onco.cc/targets/cdk4-6/), [NOTCH2](https://onco.cc/targets/notch2/), [TP53](https://onco.cc/targets/tp53/)
- drugs: [Ibrutinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ibrutinib/), [Venetoclax](https://onco.cc/drugs/venetoclax/)
- cancers: [Mantle cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/mantle-cell-lymphoma/), [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Plasma cell leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/plasma-cell-leukaemia/), [Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-relapsed-refractory/)
- pathways: [The cell-cycle engine (cyclins & CDKs)](https://onco.cc/pathways/cell-cycle-engine-cdks/)
- biomarkers: [TP53 mutation and del(17p)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/tp53-del17p/)

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