# Cell Therapy

Source: https://onco.cc/fronts/cell-therapy/  
OnCo record `cell-therapy` (Front). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Taking immune cells, engineering or expanding them, and giving them back as a living drug.

## Summary

Cell therapy covers treatments in which immune cells are taken from a patient or a donor, engineered or expanded, and given back as a living drug. CAR-T has transformed B-cell malignancies and myeloma, and solid tumours are the frontier, with TIL therapy such as lifileucel, TCR-T such as afamitresgene, CAR-T against CLDN18.2 and GPC3, armoured and logic-gated CARs, allogeneic and in vivo CAR-T delivered by targeted LNPs carrying CAR mRNA, and CAR-NK and CAR-macrophages. The section lists cell-therapy release and potency testing and is linked from CAR-T, in vivo CAR-T, TIL therapy, TCR-T, CAR-NK and CAR-macrophage, allogeneic cell therapy, CAR-T for glioma, stem cell transplantation, and the companies Autolus Therapeutics and US WorldMeds.

## Fields

- Kind: Front
- Last checked: 2026-09-04

## Sources

- NCI: T-cell transfer therapy: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/t-cell-transfer-therapy

## Connected records

- technologies: [Allogeneic (off-the-shelf) cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-cell-therapy/), [Allogeneic cell banks: one donor, hundreds of doses](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-cell-banks/), [Allogeneic donor and iPSC master cell banks](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-cell-banking/), [Allogeneic stem cell transplantation](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-hsct/), [Apheresis and starting-material collection](https://onco.cc/technologies/apheresis-starting-material/), [Armoured, logic-gated & next-gen CARs](https://onco.cc/technologies/armored-car/), [Autologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batch](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t-manufacturing-process/), [Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/), [CAR-NK & CAR-macrophage](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-nk-macrophage/), [CAR-T against stroma: fibroblasts and myeloid cells](https://onco.cc/technologies/stroma-directed-car/), [CAR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t/), [CAR-T for glioma (IL13Rα2, GD2, EGFRvIII, multi-target)](https://onco.cc/technologies/glioma-car-t/), [Cell-therapy orchestration and chain-of-identity software](https://onco.cc/technologies/cell-therapy-orchestration-software/), [Cell-therapy release and potency testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/cell-therapy-release-testing/), [Closed automated cell-therapy manufacturing](https://onco.cc/technologies/closed-automated-cell-manufacturing/), [Cryopreservation and cell-therapy cold chain](https://onco.cc/technologies/cell-therapy-cold-chain/), [Gamma-delta T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/gamma-delta-t-cell-therapy/), [In vivo CAR-T](https://onco.cc/technologies/in-vivo-car-t/), [Logic-gated therapeutics (AND, NOT gates)](https://onco.cc/technologies/logic-gated-therapeutics/), [NK cell therapy and CAR-NK](https://onco.cc/technologies/nk-cell-therapy/), [Plasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material manufacturing](https://onco.cc/technologies/plasmid-dna-manufacturing/), [Point-of-care and decentralised cell manufacturing](https://onco.cc/technologies/point-of-care-cell-manufacturing/), [Single-use bioprocessing systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/single-use-bioprocessing/), [Tandem autologous transplant](https://onco.cc/technologies/tandem-transplant/), [TCR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/tcr-t/), [TIL therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/til-therapy/), [Viral vector manufacturing (lentiviral, retroviral, AAV)](https://onco.cc/technologies/viral-vector-manufacturing/), [Virus-specific T cells](https://onco.cc/technologies/virus-specific-t-cells/)
- journals: [Cancer gene therapy](https://onco.cc/journals/cancer-gene-therapy/)
- companies: [AbbVie (incl. ImmunoGen, Capstan)](https://onco.cc/companies/abbvie/), [Adaptimmune](https://onco.cc/companies/adaptimmune/), [Adicet Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/adicet-bio/), [Affini-T Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/affini-t-therapeutics/), [Alaunos Therapeutics (formerly Ziopharm Oncology)](https://onco.cc/companies/alaunos/), [Aldevron (Danaher)](https://onco.cc/companies/aldevron/), [Allogene Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/allogene/), [Allotera Therapeutics (formerly Wugen)](https://onco.cc/companies/allotera-therapeutics/), [Arcellx](https://onco.cc/companies/arcellx/), [Arsenal Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/arsenal-bio/), [Aurigene Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/aurigene/), [Autolus Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/autolus/), [BioLife Solutions](https://onco.cc/companies/biolife-solutions/), [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://onco.cc/companies/bms/), [Capstan Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/capstan-therapeutics/), [CARGO Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/cargo-therapeutics/), [Caribou Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/caribou/), [CARsgen Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/carsgen/), [Cellares](https://onco.cc/companies/cellares/), [Cellogen Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/cellogen/), [Century Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/century-therapeutics/), [Charles River Laboratories](https://onco.cc/companies/charles-river/), [Chongqing Precision Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/chongqing-precision-biotech/), [Cipla](https://onco.cc/companies/cipla/), [Cryoport](https://onco.cc/companies/cryoport/), [Cytek Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/cytek-biosciences/), [Cytiva (Danaher)](https://onco.cc/companies/cytiva/), [Dendreon](https://onco.cc/companies/dendreon/), [Fate Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/fate-therapeutics/), [Fresenius Kabi](https://onco.cc/companies/fresenius-kabi/), [Galapagos](https://onco.cc/companies/galapagos/), [Gamida Cell](https://onco.cc/companies/gamida-cell/), [GC Cell](https://onco.cc/companies/gc-cell/), [Gilead Sciences (incl. Kite)](https://onco.cc/companies/gilead/), [Guardian Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/guardian-bio/), [IASO Biotherapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/iaso-bio/), [Immatics](https://onco.cc/companies/immatics/), [Immuneel Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/immuneel/), [ImmunoACT](https://onco.cc/companies/immunoact/), [Imugene](https://onco.cc/companies/imugene/), [Indapta Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/indapta-therapeutics/), [Innovent Biologics](https://onco.cc/companies/innovent/), [Interius BioTherapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/interius/), [Iovance Biotherapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/iovance/), [Johnson & Johnson](https://onco.cc/companies/johnson-johnson/), [JW Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/jw-therapeutics/), [Kelonia Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/kelonia-therapeutics/), [Kernal Biologics](https://onco.cc/companies/kernal-biologics/), [LEAH Labs](https://onco.cc/companies/leah-labs/), [Legend Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/legend-biotech/), [Lonza](https://onco.cc/companies/lonza/), [Lyell Immunopharma](https://onco.cc/companies/lyell-immunopharma/), [Marker Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/marker-therapeutics/), [medac](https://onco.cc/companies/medac/), [Mesoblast](https://onco.cc/companies/mesoblast/), [Miltenyi Biotec](https://onco.cc/companies/miltenyi-biotec/), [Modulari-T](https://onco.cc/companies/modulari-t/), [Neogene Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/neogene-therapeutics/), [Nkarta](https://onco.cc/companies/nkarta/), [Novartis](https://onco.cc/companies/novartis/), [Obsidian Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/obsidian-therapeutics/), [ONK Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/onk-therapeutics/), [Orca Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/orca-bio/), [Orna Therapeutics (Eli Lilly)](https://onco.cc/companies/orna-therapeutics/), [OXB (Oxford Biomedica)](https://onco.cc/companies/oxford-biomedica/), [Poseida Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/poseida-therapeutics/), [Sana Biotechnology](https://onco.cc/companies/sana-biotechnology/), [Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies](https://onco.cc/companies/terumo-bct/), [Thermo Fisher Scientific](https://onco.cc/companies/thermo-fisher/), [Tmunity Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/tmunity-therapeutics/), [Touchlight](https://onco.cc/companies/touchlight/), [TScan Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/tscan/), [Turnstone Biologics](https://onco.cc/companies/turnstone-biologics/), [Umoja Biopharma](https://onco.cc/companies/umoja-biopharma/), [US WorldMeds](https://onco.cc/companies/us-worldmeds/)
- trials: [ELARA](https://onco.cc/trials/elara/), [JULIET](https://onco.cc/trials/juliet/), [LyMa](https://onco.cc/trials/lyma/), [PRIMA-CNS](https://onco.cc/trials/prima-cns/), [TRANSCEND NHL 001](https://onco.cc/trials/transcend-nhl-001/)
- key papers: [Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma: intent-to-treat analysis and efficacy after failure to prior immunotherapies](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-besser-til-melanoma-intent-to-treat-ccr-2013/), [Axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-zuma-5-axi-cel-indolent-lymphoma-lancet-oncol-2022/), [Expression of immunoglobulin-T-cell receptor chimeric molecules as functional receptors with antibody-type specificity](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-gross-eshhar-chimeric-receptor-pnas-1989/), [Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-transcend-nhl-001-liso-cel-lancet-2020/), [Rituximab after autologous stem-cell transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lyma-rituximab-maintenance-after-transplant-mantle-cell-nejm-2017/), [Second-line tisagenlecleucel or standard care in aggressive B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-belinda-tisagenlecleucel-second-line-nejm-2022/), [Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: the phase 2 ELARA trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-elara-tisagenlecleucel-follicular-nat-med-2022/)
- roadmaps: [Cell therapy roadmap: CD19 CAR-T → solid tumours → in vivo CAR](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/cell-therapy-roadmap/), [Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/), [Paths to cures: interception, eradication, control](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/cure-paths/), [Radical oncology: what could change the war by 2035](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/frontier-2035/)
- ideas: [Report the time from apheresis to infusion as a trial endpoint, not a logistics footnote](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-manufacturing-time-as-a-trial-endpoint/)
- drugs: [Allogeneic regulatory T cell immunotherapy with HSPC and T cells-vldq](https://onco.cc/drugs/tregzi/), [Omidubicel](https://onco.cc/drugs/omidubicel/), [Remestemcel-L](https://onco.cc/drugs/remestemcel-l/)
- people: [Emily Whitehead](https://onco.cc/people/emily-whitehead/), [Jacob Schachter](https://onco.cc/people/jacob-schachter/), [Michal Besser](https://onco.cc/people/michal-besser/), [Polina Stepensky](https://onco.cc/people/polina-stepensky/), [Sanford I. Weill](https://onco.cc/people/sanford-weill/), [Zelig Eshhar](https://onco.cc/people/zelig-eshhar/)
- terms: [Allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT)](https://onco.cc/terms/allogeneic-transplant/), [Antigen escape (antigen loss, lineage switch)](https://onco.cc/terms/antigen-escape/), [Apheresis (leukapheresis)](https://onco.cc/terms/apheresis/), [Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT)](https://onco.cc/terms/autologous-transplant/), [Bridging therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/bridging-therapy/), [Conditioning regimen (myeloablative, reduced-intensity)](https://onco.cc/terms/conditioning-regimen/), [Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukaemia](https://onco.cc/terms/gvhd/), [Hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection risk after B-cell therapies](https://onco.cc/terms/hypogammaglobulinaemia/), [Lymphodepletion before CAR-T](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphodepletion/), [T-cell exhaustion and CAR-T persistence](https://onco.cc/terms/t-cell-exhaustion-term/), [Vein-to-vein time and manufacturing slots](https://onco.cc/terms/vein-to-vein-time/)
- institutions: [Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/actrec/), [Barts Cancer Institute / Barts Health NHS Trust](https://onco.cc/institutions/barts-cancer-institute/), [Chan Zuckerberg Biohub](https://onco.cc/institutions/cz-biohub/), [Chinese PLA General Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/pla-general-hospital/), [Christian Medical College, Vellore](https://onco.cc/institutions/cmc-vellore/), [Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi](https://onco.cc/institutions/cleveland-clinic-abu-dhabi/), [Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF)](https://onco.cc/institutions/ccc-freiburg/), [Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg](https://onco.cc/institutions/ccc-wuerzburg/), [Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine](https://onco.cc/institutions/baylor-duncan/), [Department of Biotechnology, Government of India](https://onco.cc/institutions/dbt-india/), [Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)](https://onco.cc/institutions/hug-geneva/), [Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children](https://onco.cc/institutions/great-ormond-street/), [Hadassah Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/hadassah/), [Hospital Clínic de Barcelona / IDIBAPS](https://onco.cc/institutions/hospital-clinic-barcelona/), [Hospital del Mar / Hospital del Mar Research Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/hospital-del-mar/), [Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre](https://onco.cc/institutions/12-de-octubre/), [HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/helsinki-hus/), [Indian Institute of Technology Bombay](https://onco.cc/institutions/iit-bombay/), [Institut Paoli-Calmettes](https://onco.cc/institutions/institut-paoli-calmettes/), [Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine](https://onco.cc/institutions/instem/), [IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola](https://onco.cc/institutions/sant-orsola-bologna/), [IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele](https://onco.cc/institutions/san-raffaele/), [IUCT Oncopole (Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse)](https://onco.cc/institutions/iuct-oncopole/), [King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/kfshrc/), [Kyoto University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/kyoto-university-hospital/), [Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) / Ludwig Institute Lausanne](https://onco.cc/institutions/chuv-lausanne/), [Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota](https://onco.cc/institutions/minnesota-masonic/), [Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine](https://onco.cc/institutions/mdc-berlin/), [Max Healthcare (Max Institute of Cancer Care)](https://onco.cc/institutions/max-healthcare/), [Narayana Health (Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre)](https://onco.cc/institutions/narayana-health/), [National Cancer Centre Singapore](https://onco.cc/institutions/nccs/), [National University Hospital / National University Cancer Institute, Singapore](https://onco.cc/institutions/nuh-ncis/), [NCI Center for Cancer Research (intramural programme)](https://onco.cc/institutions/nci-ccr/), [Peking University Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/pku-cancer-hospital/), [Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/princess-maxima/), [QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/qimr-berghofer/), [Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/rigshospitalet/), [Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University](https://onco.cc/institutions/ruijin-hospital/), [Seoul St. Mary's Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/seoul-st-marys-hospital/), [Sheba Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/sheba/), [Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University](https://onco.cc/institutions/siriraj-hospital/), [Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/sitc/), [Taipei Veterans General Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/taipei-veterans-general-hospital/), [Tel Aviv University](https://onco.cc/institutions/tel-aviv-university/), [Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/texas-childrens/), [Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College](https://onco.cc/institutions/union-hospital-wuhan/), [University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT)](https://onco.cc/institutions/uct-frankfurt/), [University College London Hospitals / UCL Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/uclh/), [University Hospitals Birmingham / University of Birmingham Cancer Research Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/birmingham-cancer-centre/)

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